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Critical Approach to Methods of Glacier Reconstruction in high asia and Discussion of the Probability of a Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Inland Ice

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第2期4卷 91-123页

作者： Matthias Kuhle Geographie/Hochgebirgsgeomorphologie Geographisches Institut der Universitt Goldschmidtstr.5 37077 Gttingen Germany

This overview discusses old and new results as to the controversy on the past glacier extension in high asia, which has been debated for 35 years now. This paper makes an attempt to come closer to a solution. H.v. Wissmann's interpretation (1959) of a small-scale glaciation contrasts with M. Kuhle's reconstruction (1974) of a large-scale glaciation with a 2.4 million km2 extended Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) inland glaciation and a Himalaya-Karakorum icestream network. Both opinions find support but also contradiction in the International and Chinese literature (Academia Sinica). The solution of this question is of supraregional importance because of the subtropical position of the concerned areas. In case of large albedo-intensive ice surfaces, a global cooling would be the energetical consequence and, furthermore, a breakdown of the summer monsoon. The current and interglacial heat-low above the very effective heating panel of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau exceeding 4000 m, which gives rise to this monsoon circulation, would be replaced by the cold-high of an inland ice. In addition, the plate-tectonically created Pleistocene history of the uplift of high asia — should the occasion arise up to beyond the snowline (ELA) —would attain a paleoclimatically great, perhaps global importance. In case of a heavy superimposed ice load, the question would come up as to the glacio-isostatic interruption of this primary uplift. The production of the loesses sedimentated in NE-China and their very probable glacial genesis as well as an eustatic lowering of the sea-level by 5 to 7 m in the maximum case of glaciation are immediately tied up with the question of glaciation we want to discuss. Not the least, the problems of biotopes of the sanctuary-centres of flora and fauna, i.e., interglacial re-settlement, are also dependent on it. On the basis of this Quaternary- geomorphological-glaciological connection, future contributions are requested on the past glaciation, the curre

关键词： Approach methods inland ice glacier reconstruction high asia Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan)

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high asia cryospheric observation:a proposed network under Global Cryosphere Watch(GCW)

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2012年第1期4卷 1-12页

作者： CunDe Xiao ZhongQin Li Lin Zhao ShiChang Kang YuanQing He Xiang Qin XiaoBo He State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences CoM and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China Institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science China Meteorology Administration Beij＇ing 100081 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100871 China

In coordination with Global Cryosphere Watch （GCW） initiated by World Meteorology Administration （WMO）, a regional ob- servation network is proposed based on existing stations/sites over high asia and cryospberic elements required by GCW. Thus, high asian Cryosphere （HAC） network is preliminary designed, composing of seven ＂supersites＂, each containing several refer- ence sites. The network covers major mountain ranges in high asia, such as East Tianshan, Qilian, Tanggula, Nyainqentanglha, Himalayas as well as the central and eastern Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Plateau. Although multiple cryospberic elements were ob- served at the existing HAC network, many others, which are required by Integrated Global Observation System-Cryosphere Theme （IGOS-Cryosphere）, are not yet included. More comprehensive observations are necessary to be included into ＂supersites＂ of HAC, so that the basic requirements for validation of satellite data, assimilation and coupled regional models can be met.

关键词： cryosphere reference site supersite standardization high asia

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high asia cryospheric observation:a proposed network under Global Cryosphere Watch（GCW）

High Asia cryospheric observation:a proposed network under G...

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第28届中国气象学会年会

In coordination with Global Cryosphere Watch（GCW） that initiated by World Meteorology Administration（WMO）,an observation network over high asia is proposed based on the existing stations/sites and cryospheric elements that GCW *** thus,high asia Cryopshere（HAC） network is currently composed of seven supersites,with each containing several reference ***,（1） ETCON-East Tianshan Cryosphere Observing *** supersite,Tianshan Glacier Station is a state key observatory of *** network monitors cryospheric changes of major interior rivers in the dry hinterland of asian continent,such as rivers in the Tarim River basin;（2） CRS:Cryospheric Research *** station is a state key observatory of *** observes large permafrost areas of the north part of HAC;（3） NAMOR:Nam Co Station for Multisphere Observation and Research（NAMOR）,*** supersite locates at the 2nd largest lake area（Nam Co） on the *** is an ideal site for long-term monitoring of atmosphere-cryosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere-land surface interactions;（4） QLCON:Qilian Mountain Cryosphere Observing *** is another key region that interior rivers *** rivers originate from Qilian Mountains are "life cradles" of Hexi Corridor,feeding more than 5 million people;（5） SETCON:The southeastern Tibetan Plateau Cryosphere Observing *** in this area are maritime type,which are very sensitive to climate changes;（6） TCON:Tanggula Cryosphere Observing *** network locates in the center part of HAC,which may reveal the less sensitive changes of cryosphere of the region;（7） HIMALCON-Himalayas Cryosphere Observing *** is so-called Earth’s *** network locates in the southern margin of the HAC,mainly reflects the influences of Indian Monsoon,and the cryosphere of Himalayas impacts water resources of Indus,Ganges and Yarlum Zangbu/Brumaputra basins.

关键词： GCW Cryosphere supersites reference sites high asia

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Trapped on the Roof of the World:taxonomic diversity and evolutionary patterns of Tibetan Plateau endemic freshwater snails(Gastropoda:Lymnaeidae:Tibetoradix)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第5期17卷 825-848页

作者： Maxim V.VINARSKI Parm Viktor VON OHEIMB Olga V.AKSENOVA Mikhail Yu.GOFAROV Alexander V.KONDAKOV Ivan O.NEKHAEV Ivan N.BOLOTOV Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography Saint-Petersburg State UniversitySaint-PetersburgRussia Museum für Naturkunde-Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science BerlinGermany N.Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences ArkhangelskRussia Department of Applied Ecology Saint-Petersburg State UniversitySaint-PetersburgRussia Northern(Arctic)Federal University ArkhangelskRussia

The high-elevation Tibetan Plateau(western China)is inhabited by a unique,though not particularly species-rich,community of *** explored the species content and evolutionary history of the Tibetan Plateau endemic freshwater snail genus *** relationships within the genus were reconstructed based on available sequence *** used a single-rate Poisson Tree Processes approach for species delimitation and compared putative species-level clades with already described *** found that the genus consists of at least 6 species,of which we described 4 as new to *** and soft body morphology was examined and the radula in Tibetoradix was described for theﬁrst *** on ourﬁndings,the diversiﬁcation of the genus did not result in a prominent morphological differentiation and a number of species can be regarded as morphologically *** species found in different drainage areas indicate relatively good passive dispersal abilities of the *** allopatric distribution of the species could result from competitive exclusion between *** absence of Tibetoradix *** the Tibetan Plateau could be explained by a scenario of an“evolutionary trap”,where adaptations to high elevation conditions prevented the taxa from a successful colonization of lower elevations.

关键词： biogeography high asia molecular phylogenetics morphology species delimitation

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New findings concerning the Pleistocene Glaciation of the Leh Basin,Ladakh(34°03'N/77°38'E)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第4期7卷 367-374页

作者： Hermann Achenbach Geographical Institute University of GoettingenDepartment of High Mountain Geomorphology and Geography

Like for most parts of high asia,researches concerning the Pleistocene landscape evolution of the Leh Basin(34°03' N/77°38' E) have also left *** push this topic,three up to now unexplored Ladakh Range tributaries of the Leh Basin(Stagmo-,Arzu-and Nang-Valley) have been investigated.U-shaped profiles,transfluence passes,moraine mantled and glacially rounded peaks and ridges,roches moutonnées,glacial flank polishings and ground moraines document the former glaciation of the study *** ice fillings of these tributaries reached a minimum thickness up to 540 *** at the valley outlets and on the orographic right side of the Leh Basin,the glaciation was more than 350 m *** on these empirically extracted results,theoretical snow line considerations lead to the conclusion that the whole Leh Basin was filled up by a former Indus-Valley *** ice injection limited to the nourishment areas of the Ladakh Range valleys could not have caused the reconstructed ice cover(down to 3236 m a.s.l.),which is proved by extended ground moraine *** an Indus ice stream network(most likely during the LGP),nourished by inflowing glaciers of the Ladakh-and Stok Range,explains the widespread existence of the glacial sediments at the outlets of the investigated valleys.

关键词： Glacial-geomorphology Formerglaciation Last glacial period Equilibrium linealtitude high asia

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COMMENTS ON “AN APPARENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIMALAYAN SNOW COVER AND SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL OVER INDIA”

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1995年第3期9卷 360-367页

作者：李培基 Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000

The snow cover in central high asia has been the focus of climatologists interests for many *** studies indicate that Himalayan snow cover has a significant effect on Indian monsoon rainfall,but it has relied on very limited snow cover *** this paper,three complete high asian snow cover data sets are *** consist of SMMR pentad snow depth maps covering the period 1978—1987,operational NOAA weekly snow cover extent charts during the period between 1966— 1989,and daily snow depth records at 60 primary weather stations over the 36-year period of 1957— *** feature,dearth of snow mass in the vast interior,and limited portion affected by substantial interannual variability reveal that the high asian snow cover itself could not greatly influ- ence the Indian monsoon rainfall.A simple approach of lead/lag relation between high asian snow *** monsoon rainfall,and ENSO shows that snow cover is not a key variable influencing the Indian *** correlation calculation demonstrated that only a weak signal was found between them.

关键词： snow cover high asia Indian monsoon rainfall ENSO

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