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heterotic Group Classification of 63 Inbred Lines and Hybrid Purity Identification by Using SSR Markers in Winter Cabbage(Brassica Oleracea L. var. capitata)

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2018年第4期4卷 158-164页

作者： LI Xing YU Hailong LI Zhiyuan LIU Xiaoping FANG Zhiyuan LIU Yumei YANG Limei ZHUANG Mu LV Honghao ZHANG Yangyong Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Winter cabbage is an important crop cultivated through winter in the region near the Yangtze River, enabling the supply of fresh cabbage there at that time of year. However, a problem has emerged regarding the newly developed parents of winter cabbage, which is completely different from spring and autumn cabbage, namely, how to combine these parents to breed an elite hybrid. To classify the heterotic groups and improve the efficiency of parent selection in winter cabbage breeding, 20 polymorphic SSR markers were selected to screen 63 winter cabbage inbred lines. Seventeen pairs among the 20 SSR markers amplified polymorphic bands. These primers amplified two to six bands,with an average of 2.8 bands per primer, and a total of 47 polymorphic bands were generated in the 63 inbred lines. These lines included flatheaded morphotype and round-headed morphotype, thus they were separately classified into heterotic groups based on the SSR markers. The flat-headed morphotype contained 21 inbred lines and was classified into three heterotic groups, named Hanchun 4, Jiali, and Dongsheng, in accordance with the representative germplasm contained in each group. The round-headed morphotype contained 42 inbred lines and was classified into five heterotic groups, named Parte, Bejo1039, YK-143, SCA002, and Golden B90. Meanwhile, parent analysis of 20 developed elite combinations showed that their parents were all distributed in different heterotic groups, indicating that the group classification was reasonable,which can provide a basis for further parent selection in winter cabbage breeding. Furthermore, polymorphic SSR primers were successfully used to identify the hybrid purity of three elite varieties.

关键词： winter cabbage head morphotype SSR marker heterotic group hybrid purity identification

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heterotic Classes and Utilization Patterns in Chinese Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica(L.) P. Beauv]

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第14期5卷 1392-1406页

作者： Zhengli Liu Guihua Bai Dadong Zhang Chengsong Zhu Xiaoli Ren Suying Li National Foxtail Millet Improvement Center Institute of Millet Crops Hebei Academy of Agricultural & Forestry Sciences Shijiazhuang China USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit Manhattan KS USA Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Utilization of heterosis to develop hybrid cultivars can significantly increase yield of most crops including foxtail millet. However, previous foxtail millet hybrid cultivars have been largely developed from crosses between sterile lines and conventional varieties or between sterile lines and varieties that are geographically distent from the sterile lines. The research on classification of heterotic classes and determinetaion of heterotic patterns has not been reported, which results in uncertainty in selection of parents for crosses and delays progress in utilization of high yielding hybrids in large-scale commercial production. In this study, a core collection of 128 accessions from China was grouped into six classes using combined analyses of population structure, pedigree, and clustering. The classification was conducted based mainly on molecular clustering of genotypic data, also considered the population structure and mathematical clustering using phenotypic data, and was finally validated through pedigree analysis. According to the transgressive and superstandard heterosis for grain yield, plant height, panicle length, panicle diameter, single panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, and 1000-grain weight collected from an incomplete-diallel-cross experiment, we identified six superior heterosis patterns (C2/C1, C2/C4, C2/C5, C2/C6, C1/C5 and C4/C5) and four inferior heterosis patterns (C1/C3, C1/C4, C1/C6 and C4/C6), and explored their potential applications in millet hybrid breeding. This study laid a foundation for effective use of foxtail millet heterosis in improving millet hybrid yield.

关键词： Foxtail Millet heterotic Classes heterotic Pattern Molecular Clustering Population Structure

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Charged scalar fields in a Kerr-Sen black hole:exact solutions, Hawkingradiation, and resonant frequencies

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Chinese Physics C 2019年第3期43卷 91-98页

作者： H.S.Vieira V.B.Bezerra Departamento de Física Universidade Federal da Paraíba

In this study, we consider charged massive scalar fields around a Kerr-Sen spacetime. The radial and angular parts of the covariant Klein-Gordon equation are solved in terms of the confluent Heun function. From the exact radial solution, we obtain the Hawking radiation spectrum and discuss its resonant frequencies. The massless case of the resonant frequencies is also examined.

关键词： Klein-Gordon equation charged and rotating black hole heterotic string field theory confluent Heun function black hole physics

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D2 analysis for estimating genetic divergence in different clones of Dalbergia sissoo

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第5期27卷 1085-1097页

作者： Ashok Kumar S. Ravichandran Shivani Dobhal Vijay Kumar Forest Research Institute (Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education) Dehradun India Directorate of Rice Research Rajendra Nagar HyderabadAndhra Pradesh India Research Circle Punjab Forest Department HoshiarpurPunjab India

Genetic divergence was studied in selected 36 genotypes of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. on the basis of seven morphological parameters. The divergence among genotypes was estimated by Mahalanobis method and genotypes were grouped into clusters by Tocher＇s method. All the genotypes were classified into seven distinct clusters on the basis of seven morphological traits. Cluster 1 was the largest with 25 genotypes followed by Cluster 2 （four genotypes）. Cluster 3, 5, 6 and 7 were the divergent clusters. The D2 analysis revealed that D2 value （39.42） between clone 5040 and clone 201 was recorded maximum. The intra-cluster distance ranged from 0.00 （Cluster 3, 5, 6 and 7） to 3.89 （Cluster 1）, the Cluster 3 （clone 33） was the most divergent cluster with maximum inter cluster distance （13.97） with the Cluster 7. By the divergence analysis, the parents for hybridization from diverse clusters could be selected for heterotic hybrids.

关键词： Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Genetic divergence Hybridization D2 analysis heterotic

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Genetic Variation of Inbred Lines of Maize Detected by SSR Markers

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2001年第1期 14-20页

作者： LI Xin-hai FU Jun-hua ZHANG Shi-huang YUAN Li-xing LI Ming-shun The Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Chinese Academy of Agoriculturas Sciences Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 The Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Chinese Academy of Agoriculturas Sciences Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 The Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Chinese Academy of Agoriculturas Sciences Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 The Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Chinese Academy of Agoriculturas Sciences Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 The Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Chinese Academy of Agoriculturas Sciences Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used to detect genetic variation among 21 maize(Zea mays L. ) inbred lines. Forty-three SSR primers selected from 69 primers gave stable amplification profiles, which could be clearly resolved on 3% Metaphor agarose gel, and produced 127 polymorphic amplified *** average number of alleles per SSR locus was 2.95 with a range from 2 to 7. The polymorphism information content (PIC) for the SSR loci varied from 0.172 to 0.753 with an average of 0.511. Genetic similarities among the 21 lines ranged from 0.480 between the combination of Zhongzi451 vs. K12 up to 0.768 between CA156 vs. Ye478. The cluster analysis showed that 21 inbred lines could be classified into two distinct clusters with several subclusters, which corresponded to the heterotic groups determined by their pedigree *** SSR primers, which had high level of polymorphism, could allow a rapid and efficient identification of 21 inbreds. Consequently, SSR markers could be used for measuring genetic variation of maize inbred lines and assigning them to heterotic groups.

关键词： Maize Simple sequence repeats Genetic variation heterotic groups Polymorphism information content

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NASA’s EM Drive Thrust from the Forces of the Quantum Vacuum of Spacetime

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Advances in Aerospace Science and Technology 2018年第1期3卷 1-9页

作者： Mohamed S. El Naschie Distinguished Professor Dept. of Physics Faculty of Science University of Alexandria Alexandria Egypt

Building on the various manifestations of the forces latent in the quantum vacuum of spacetime such as Hawking’s radiation and Unruh temperature, we resolve a major paradox connected to an immensely important proposal by NASA scientists for constructing a practically fuelless spacecraft. In a nutshell, preliminary laboratory work shows that NASA’s electromagnetic drive project is viable and several experiments and measurements show it is real. Yet the proposal violates a fundamental principle of classical mechanics, namely Newton’s third law. The resolution of this paradox is quite straight forward in principle. It is simply the case that although the proposal seems to be based on classical mechanics and classical thinking it is only superficially so. Deep at the roots, the EM drive proposal of NASA is not classical physics but rather based on the vacuum forces of quantum cosmology and the theory of dark energy density of the universe. In fact the proposal is deeply linked to Hawking’s radiation and Unruh temperature, which is explained in some detail in the main body of the present short paper within the frame work of E-infinity Cantorian spacetime theory and D. Gross’ heterotic superstring theory. In short the quintessence of our explanation is to regard the EM drive as a quasi electromagnetic cavity with an effective event horizon akin to that of a Hawking black hole emitting radiation causing ultimately the needed thrust to push the spacecraft forwards. In addition and by invoking fractal spacetime self similarity we show that a spacecraft will be subject to another cosmic thrust on the large scale of the entire cosmos.

关键词： EM Drive Interstellar Flight Vacuum Energy Dark Energy Cantorian Spacetime Hartle-Hawking Wave Function of the Cosmos Cantorian Plasma Quantum Cosmology Casimir-Dark Energy Nano Reactor heterotic Superstrings Equations of Ordinary and Dark Energy Nonlinear Dynamics and Fractals Hawking Radiation Axion Unruh Temperature

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Patterns of Molecular Diversity in Current and Previously Developed Hybrid Parents of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum(L.) R. Br.]

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1697-1712页

作者： Shashi Kumar Gupta Thirunavukkarasu Nepolean S. Mukesh Sankar Abhishek Rathore Roma Rani Das Kedar Nath Rai Charles Thomas Hash International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru India Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) New Delhi India International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Niamey Niger

ICRISAT’s pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) breeding program at Patancheru, India, has developed genetically diverse hybrid parents since 1980s. The present study investigated genetic diversity pattern between two groups of parents in this program, bred till 2004 and developed during 2004-2010. Combined analysis of 379 hybrid parents (current 166 parents and 213 previously developed hybrid parents) carried out using a set of highly polymorphic 28 SSRs detected 12.7 alleles per locus. An average of 8.5 and 8.7 SSR alleles per locus were found in previously developed and current parents, respectively, indicating marginal improvement in the levels of genetic diversity of hybrid parents in this program. Distance matrix differentiated these current and previously developed hybrid parents into 2 separate clusters, indicating infusion of new genetic variability over time as reflected by development of more genotype-specific alleles. Also, the seed and restorer parents were found clearly separated from each other in both the sets with few crossovers, indicating existence of two diverse and broad-based pools in hybrid parents of pearl millet. Restorer parents (R-lines) were found more diverse than seed parents (B-lines), as higher average gene diversity was detected among R-lines (0.70) than B-lines (0.56), though variation between B- and R-lines was found reduced in newly developed lines to 9.22% from 16.98% in previously developed lines. Results suggested that newly developed lines were as much divergent when compared with previously developed lines, indicating that current ICRISAT pearl millet breeding program was moving towards development of diverse new hybrid parental lines. The study suggested use of trait-specific donors in B- and R-lines separately to maintain sufficient genetic distance between seed and restorer breeding lines. It was pointed out to cross parents having higher genetic distance within the seed (B-lines) and restorer (R-lines) breeding pr

关键词： Pearl Millet Simple Sequence Repeat Hybrid Parents heterotic Pool Genetic Diversity

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Kerr Black Hole Geometry Leading to Dark Matter and Dark Energy via E-Infinity Theory and the Possibility of a Nano Spacetime Singularities Reactor

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Natural Science 2015年第4期7卷 210-225页

作者： Mohamed S. El Naschie Department of Physics University of Alexandria Alexandria Egypt

The present paper is basically a synthesis resulting from incorporating Kerr spinning black hole geometry into E-infinity topology, then letting the result bares on the vacuum zero point Casimir effect as well as the cosmic dark energy and dark matter density. In E-infinity theory a quantum particle is represented by a Hausdorff dimension Φ where Φ =2/(√5+1) . The quantum wave on the other hand is represented by Φ2 . To be wave and a particle simultaneously intersection theory leads us to?(Φ) (Φ)2= Φ3 which will be shown here to be twice the value of the famous Casimir force of the vacuum for a massless scalar field. Thus in the present work a basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect is given as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. From the view point of the present work Casimir pressure is a local effect acting on the Casimir plates constituting the local boundary condition while dark energy is nothing but the global combined effect of infinitely many quantum waves acting on the Möbius-like boundary of the holographic boundary of the entire universe. Since this higher dimensional Möbius-like boundary is one sided, there is no outside to balance the internal collective Casimir pressure which then manifests itself as the force behind cosmic expansion, that is to say, dark energy. Thus analogous to the exact irrational value of ordinary energy density of spacetime E(O)=(Φ5/2) mc2 we now have P (Casimir) = (Φ3/2)(ch/d2) where c is the speed of light, m is the mass, h is the Planck constant and d is the plate separation. In addition the new emerging geometry combined with the topology of E-infinity theory leads directly to identifying dark matter with the quasi m

关键词： Casimir Effect Dark Energy E-Infinity Cantorian Spacetime Kerr Spacetime Geometry Energy from the Ergosphere Spinning Black Holes Nano Spacetime Reactors Kaluza-Klein Spacetime heterotic Superstrings

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Penrose Transform on D-Modules, Moduli Spaces and Field Theory

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2012年第6期2卷 379-390页

作者： Francisco Bulnes Department of Research in Mathematics and Engineering Technological Institute of High Studies of Chalco Chalco Mexico

We consider a generalization of the Radon-Schmid transform on coherent D-modules of sheaves of holomorphic complex bundles inside a moduli space, with the purpose of establishing the equivalences among geometric objects (vector bundles) and algebraic objects as they are the coherent D-modules, these last with the goal of obtaining conformal classes of connections of the holomorphic complex bundles. The class of these equivalences conforms a moduli space on coherent sheaves that define solutions in field theory. Also by this way, and using one generalization of the Penrose transform in the context of coherent D-modules we find conformal classes of the space-time that include the heterotic strings and branes geometry.

关键词： Penrose Transform Coherent D-Modules Derived Sheaf Moduli Space Conformal Classes heterotic Strings

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