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Stakeholders' satisfaction assessment in heritage conservation: Case study of a project performance model for Thiruvananthapuram Fort Area, Kerala, India

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第2期13卷 285-304页

作者： Sunena Abdul Huq Bimal Puthuvayi Department of Architecture and Planning National Institute of Technology Calicut NIT Campus P.O.Kozhikode 673601India

Stakeholder satisfaction is an important factor in determining the success of urban heritage conservation projects.This research attempts to propose a model for assessing stakeholder satisfaction and project significant factors that need to be considered when determining the performance of a conservation project,taking the Thiruvananthapuram Fort Area,India as a case example.The study employed a mixed-method approach of using expert consultations,physical surveys,and statistical analysis in the development of the model.Factors influencing the outcome of an urban heritage conservation project were listed from the literature and further refined through expert discussions to be utilized for the stakeholder survey.A questionnaire survey is administered within a heritage-sensitive urban area to identify the present state of heritage buildings and the living conditions of the stakeholders pertaining to the six aspects that determine the outcome of an urban heritage conservation project.The overall satisfaction of the stakeholder group was modelled using ordinal logistic regression against the various factors to arrive at factors that positively and negatively influenced them.The model assessed that the satisfaction of the stakeholders who were a part of the historic site was highly influenced by their economic needs and the project's economic sustainability over other factors in the model.Urban economy consolidation,a known mechanism of improving an area's economic sustainability negatively affected the stakeholders'satisfaction.The results indicate that the factors under the social aspect were not significant determinants for the stakeholders of this urban heritage conservation project.The methodology developed in this study can aid researchers and planners in identifying factors determining the outcome of an urban heritage conservation project while planning for development within a heritage-sensitive urban area.

关键词： heritage conservation Thiruvananthapuram Fort Area Kerala India Assessment Stakeholder satisfaction Model

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The sustainability cycle of historic houses and cultural memory: Controversy between historic preservation and heritage conservation

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第6期11卷 1030-1046页

作者： Wenzhang Zhou Siyuan Song Kan Feng Law School Shandong UniversityQingdaoChina Zhejiang Greenton Architectural Design Co. Ltd.(GAD)HangzhouChina School of Marxism Studies Zhejiang University of Finance&EconomicsHangzhouChina

Historic preservation and heritage conservation are two mainstream concepts related to the sustainability and renewal of historic houses.With the aim of enhancing the sustainability of historic houses,this article criticizes the view of historic preservation that insists on preserving historic houses with their old appearances,which does not fully develop their sustainability.In contrast,the article provides support for the view of heritage conservation that aims to promote the sustainability of historic houses and related legislation.In the second and third parts,this article examines the theoretical origin of historic preservation,which emphasizes and summarizes the one-way protection of cultural memory via historic houses.In the fourth part,the article turns to heritage conservation,highlights the sustainable cycle between historic houses and cultural memory,and underlines the advantages of this sustainable cycle.In the fifth part,this article presents a sustainable approach to heritage conservation and related legal safeguards by taking the renewal of historic houses in China’s Bagua Village(or"Eight Diagrams Village")as an example.In the last part,this paper summarizes the theoretical value,practical value and limitations of this article.The findings can facilitate the UN’s sustainable development of social inclusion,economic growth,and environmental protection to promote the heritage legislation and policy of present and future generations.

关键词： Cultural memory Historic houses Sustainability cycle heritage legislation and policy Eight diagrams village Historic preservation heritage conservation

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Multi-designated geoparks face challenges in China’s heritage conservation

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2007年第2期17卷 187-196页

作者： WANG Lianyong National Park Lab Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China

The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother policy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National Geoparks of China in Sichuan Province, 18 UNESCO Global Geoparks in China, and 219 World heritage sites in China and 8 European nations. Through analysis and synthesis, the author concludes that doubled designation, which also leads to unbalanced park distribution, is particularly prevalent in China other than in Europe. Therefore, on-site management agencies and related governments in China should carefully translate the doubled designations into responsibilities and harmonious partnerships between all stakeholders in order to enhance the management effectiveness and avoid paper park phenomenon.

关键词： Sichuan national geopark of China UNESCO Global Geopark World heritage doubled designation heritage conservation

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conservation and Sustainable Development of Human-inhabited World heritage Site: Case of World heritage Lijiang Old Town

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Built heritage 2017年第2期1卷 51-63页

作者： Yong Shao College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Many studies on Lijiang Old Town,the World heritage Site in China,criticise the negative impact that the rapid tourism development caused on its‘outstanding universal value’.However,tourism is a very important driving force for the local development of heritage sites in poverty areas of developing countries.So how to balance the relationship between‘heritage’,‘community’and‘tourism’is an important issue for human-inhabited World heritage Sites in developing countries.The paper takes Lijiang as a case,introducing the huge changes of the‘heritage’and‘community’with the rapid tourism development since it was inscribed on the World heritage List in 1997.It points out that since 2002,according to the social and economic development status then,Lijiang has redefined its general goals to protect its authenticity and integrity as a World heritage Site,to improve the living condition,to guarantee the interests of local people,and to enhance harmonious social development.A series of public policies have been designed and implemented to integrate heritage conservation with local development.Based on data analysis,field investigation and questionnaire survey,the paper analyses this intervention process and the experience and lessons of it,providing certain reference for the conservation and sustainable development of human-inhabited World heritage Sites.

关键词： human-inhabited World heritage heritage conservation social development tourism industry

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Prediction of Wind Erosion over a heritage Site: A Case Study of Yongling Mausoleum, China

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Built heritage 2019年第4期3卷 41-57页

作者： Xiaoyu Wang Jinzhu Meng Tianwei Zhu Jingyu Zhang School of Architecture&Civil Engineering Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyangChina

To protect heritage buildings better,a method exploiting computational fluid dynamics(CFD)was developed for the analysis of wind erosion at a heritage site.Over a two-year period,we collected measurements of hourly weather data at Xinbin County to obtain statistics of wind speeds and directions for the Yongling Mausoleum.Subsequent results from CFD simulations show that before greening,with wind speeds reaching 10 m/s,certain structures(southwest-facing corners,doors and windows on open sides,places where swirling winds develop,and eaves of sloping roofs)of four heritage buildings were eroded more severely.With appropriate greening,plants may exert their unique ecological presence to better protect heritage buildings and their historical environments.After greening,the severity of damage to these vulnerable structures by wind was reduced.With wind speeds reaching 10 m/s,the average pressure on the structures of each building was 0.41-27.85 Pa,representing a reduction of 2.4%-75.6%from pressures before greening.We also constructed a 1:500-scale model to verify in experiments the correctness of CFD simulation qualitatively.The CFD simulations were found to provide an effective method to investigate and predict wind erosion of the heritage site.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics(CFD) numerical simulation wind erosion greening plan heritage conservation

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Can politically oriented interventions in built heritage contribute to its authenticity?Erbil Citadel's Babylonian Gate as a case study

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Built heritage 2021年第2期5卷 39-52页

作者： Mohammed Awadh Jasim Laura Hanks Katharina Borsi Department of Architectural Engineering Koya UniversityUniversity ParkDanielle Mitterrand BoulevardKoyaKurdistan Region KOY45Iraq. Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of NottinghamRoom B35Lenton FirsUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK.

Today,the concept of built heritage authenticity is a projection screen for conficting demands and thus a'contested field'.Short-sighted readings started to drag the concept behind different il-considered treatises,in which some heritage aspects loosely outweighed other aspects.Archaeological perspectives that tend to freeze heritage structures in time,such as those that are privileged upon other contemporary socio-cultural issues,while political takes also overshadowed other epistemological prospects,and vice versa.Repercussions have made inclusion of what is regarded as inevitable changes'within the built context problematic as to the re-interpretation and thus assessment of its authenticity.Despite their possible momentary threat to the latter,these changes may add to the cultural value of the context over time,granting new potential that may instead boost its authenticity.This paper investigates the potential continuity of Erbil Citadel's Babylonian Gate as an inevitable change within the site's built context by studying the Gate's controversial political impacts on the context's authenticity.This study affirms that authenticity is a transcendental value of an open-ended progressive nature,which cannot be reduced to a specific period or properties within the historical chronology of built heritage.Hence,authenticity should be approached as a meaningful existential issue,while revelation of its essence and thus its dimension entails precise scrutiny of both the tangibles and intangibles of the context.However,to be part of its authenticity,any change in the context should be adaptable and possibly incorporated as a new value within its cultural strata,thus enabling progressive support for site authenticity.

关键词： Progressive authenticity heritage conservation Political interventions Inevitable changes Erbil Citadel's Babylonian Gate

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Challenging the assumption about a direct relationship between historic preservation and architecture in the United States

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第4期7卷 455-464页

作者： Jeremy C.Wells School of Architecture Planning and PreservationUniversity of MarylandMD 20742United States

A close relationship is assumed to exist between historic preservation and architectural practice. This study explores the nature of this relationship by using evidence from scholarly literature, the job market, and architectural education. The examined literature contains many examples showing that the architecture field views historic preservation as an external interest. Evidence from the job market indicates that architecture employers are uninterested in historic preservation skills, and historic preservation employers are not looking for architecture skills. Architecture schools and accrediting organizations either disregard historic preservation or minimize its importance. Moreover, historic preservation is more closely related to environmental and behavioral studies than it is to the architectural field. The relationship between architecture and historic preservation is tenuous, strained, and based more on stereotypes than on actual evidence.

关键词： Historic preservation Architecture heritage conservation Education Job market Employers

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Review of the Relocation of General Zhang Fei’s Temple in View of the Three Gorges Dam Project

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Journal of World Architecture 2023年第6期7卷 19-29页

作者： Yuhua Zhu Fuhan Liu Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044China

As a national cultural property,General Zhang Fei’s Temple is the largest ancient architectural complex in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.It was built in the Han Dynasty and has a long history of nearly 2,000 years.In 1994,the Chinese government launched the Three Gorges Dam project at the Yangtze River and implemented the largest relocation project for the General Zhang Fei Temple to prevent it from being submerged.The temple was relocated 32 kilometers upstream along with the local people of Yunyang County,and the historic environment was rebuilt on the opposite side of the migrant city of New Yunyang County.The temple was restored successfully and the tradition of offering sacrifices to General Zhang Fei continued in the local community.The relocation project lasted for 8 years and became the largest cultural heritage conservation project of the People’s Republic of China at the end of the 20th century.This paper comprehensively summarizes and reviews the project goals,implementation process,and project highlights of this relocation,so as to provide an important case reference for heritage conservation projects in the future.

关键词： General Zhang Fei’s Temple Relocation project Three Gorges Dam project heritage conservation

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Rehabilitation of historic Shibam and Zabid,Yemen as an impulse for community and economy

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Built heritage 2021年第3期5卷 110-120页

作者： Tom Leiermann ICOMOS Germany BerlinGermany.2 UNESCO DohaDohaQatar

Conditions in Yemen involving armed confict and all kinds of structural challenges have also their impact on the fate of its built heritage.Yemen’s three World heritage Sites have their particular signifcance,all of them representing a region with its own cultural background:Sanaa in the highlands,Zabid in the coastal Tihama,and Shibam in the remote desert valley of Hadramaut.Unlike the Old City of Sanaa,the two smaller sites struggle with the limited resources of low-developed hinterland.Both preserve a unique urban culture:Zabid with its many elements of elaborate artistry and a vernacular architecture highly adapted to tropical conditions,and Shibam as a dense structure of unique mud-built tower houses.Preservation in a background of poverty,weak capacities of ofcial structures,and even war destruction risks can only succeed in connection with active engagement and commitment of the community,which however is heterogeneous and heritage preservation is not always their priority.Efcient strategies must therefore link local livelihood interests to preservation concerns.Market quarter and housing rehabilitation in both cities in last years had wide backing,supported income and resulted in visible upgrading of the very heart of these cities—showing locals recovery of historic structures has its potentials—even in the extreme conditions of Yemen.

关键词： Yemen Earthen architecture heritage conservation Zabid Shibam Vernacular architecture

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A tale of the new and the old:renovation of Yong'an Warehouse at Yangpu waterfront,Shanghai

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Built heritage 2021年第2期5卷 1-15页

作者： Philip F.Yuan Xiaoyu Wei Wei Yu College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji University1239 Siping RoadShanghai 200092China Tongji Architectural Design(Group)Co Ltd1230 Siping RoadShanghai 200092China. Archi-Union Architects Building 361436 Jungong RdYangpu DistrictShanghai 200433China.

The urban riverside space of Shanghai is transforming.How to renovate industrial heritage buildings to renew their vitality while retaining their historical memories and integrate them into the contemporary cityscape and today's urban lifestyle is a common challenge encountered by contemporary architects.This article takes the renovation of Yong'an Warehouse as an example to showcase a typical heritage conservation project's design process.The architects took different approaches to accommodate the different statuses of the twin buildings of the Yong'an Warehouse,seeking to create a symbiotic twin relationship between the past and the present.This project adopted a conservation and utilisation approach that involves multilateral participation,emphasising value-oriented mythology,and providing an alternative thread for the renovation of historical architecture.

关键词： Yong'an Warehouse heritage conservation Historic architecture Symbiotic twin Renovation heritage value

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