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Cosmogenic^(10)Be dating of the oldest moraine in the hengduan mountains

Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第10期66卷 2211-2223页

作者： Zhigang ZHANG Jiahong ZHENG Haitao CUI Zhijun ZHAO Xinggong KONG Chaogang ZHENG Hong ZHANG Fei GUO Zhiyang CHANG Xue YUAN Mingyang YAN Jie ZHANG Jian WANG School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Nanjing Normal University) Ministry of EducationNanjing210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing210023China Tourism and Social Administration College NanJing XiaoZhuang UniversityNangjing211171China

The hengduan mountains is in the transitional zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)and the YunnanGuizhou Plateau in China,and a key area for elucidating the Quaternary environmental changes in *** paleo-Daocheng ice cap was located on the Shaluli Hilly Plateau in the northeastern hengduan mountains,the oldest moraines in the hengduan mountains region were found in the ice cap *** glacial landforms provide key evidence to study the timing when this area entered the cryosphere with the uplift of the ***,it is difficult to collect suitable glacial boulders from these moraines for traditional terrestrial in-situ cosmogenic nuclide(TCN)exposure dating because of long-term severe moraine ***,we collected clast samples from the moraine surface and depth profile to constrain the age of the oldest moraine in Kuzhaori(moraine E)using TCN^(10)Be dating *** minimum^(10)Be ages of five clast samples from the moraine surface range from 187.4±1.5 to 576.8±4.3 ka,implying that the moraine has been seriously degraded since *** on the TCN^(10)Be concentrations of the samples from a depth profile and simulations,the exposure-erosion-inheritance history of the profile was *** fitting to the profile^(10)Be concentrations using the chi-square test,the simulations yielded a reliable age of 626.0±52.5 ka for the ***,the oldest moraine(moraine E)in Kuzhaori was most likely formed at about 0.63Ma ago,corresponding to the marine isotope stage(MIS)*** glaciation represents the maximum Quaternary glaciation after the QTP was elevated into the cryosphere by the Kunlun-Yellow River Tectonic Movement.

关键词： hengduan mountains Paleo-Daocheng ice cap Terrestrial in-situ cosmogenic nuclide^(10)Be Depth profile Exposure dating

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Karyotypes of nineteen species of Asteraceae in the hengduan mountains and adjacent regions

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Plant Diversity 2017年第4期39卷 194-201页

作者： Wenguang Sun Xiangguang Ma Jianwen Zhang Fuming Su Yonghong Zhang Zhimin Li School of Life Science Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy Yunnan Normal University Yunnan Kunming 650500 China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The hengduan mountains region is a biodiversity hotspot. In this study, we report the karyotypes of 19 species(21 populations) of Asteraceae from this region, 14 of which are reported for the first time. We also examined polyploidy in Asteraceae plants and summarized karyotype data in the literature for 69 congeneric taxa. In these genera, there were five different ploidy levels in the region, though the most dominant was diploid(73.08%). There is no direct evidence that ploidy level and karyotype asymmetry are associated with the distribution of recorded Asteraceae species from the hengduan mountains. This suggests that polyploidy(26.92%) may not play an important role in the evolutionary history of these plants, even though, among these genera, the ratio of paleopolyploidy was high(46.15%).

关键词： Polyploidy Karyotype morphology Asteraceae Chromosome number hengduan mountains

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Resolving place names in Amdo and Kham:A gazetteer for the hengduan mountains region of Southwest China

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植物分类学报 2006年第6期44卷 721-732页

作者： Susan L. KELLEY Arnold Arboretum and Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge MA 02138-2020 U.S.A.

Perhaps no region on earth presents such a confusing array of place names as does the area made up of the former provinces of Kham and Amdo in historic Tibet (Xizang). Within these areas, cities, towns, villages, mountains, lakes and other geographic features have at least two names applied to them, one Tibetan, the other Chinese. Overlying this indigenous nomenclature are the names applied by outsiders, mostly Europeans, each of whom used their native language to transliterate the names they heard or read from Tibetan or Chinese script, and names in the languages of other ethnic minorities who live within the area. Adding to the confusion are the conflicting “standards” for transliterating Tibetan and Chinese names. To resolve the inconsistencies and uncertainties of place names in this region, a multilingual gazetteer and thesaurus was prepared. The gazetteer-thesaurus was compiled to be used as a tool for correlating the often radically different names assigned to a single place or feature and to provide the geographic coordinates for each. The impetus for this project was the need to assign geographic coordinates to plant specimens collected in the area since the latter part of the 19th century up until the advent and widespread use of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in the 1990s. Georeferencing specimens is necessary for plotting the historical distribution of species and for more completely understanding the information contained on specimen labels. Knowing the distribution of plants is important for answering phylogenetic questions, determining local and widespread biogeographical patterns, identifying areas of unusually high diversity or endemism, and determining areas in need of special protection. The value of such a gazetteer, however, extends well beyond the field of botany. It is intended to be of use to anyone with a desire to know the nomenclatural history of places in the area and for pinpointing with a fair degree of accuracy the location

关键词： Tibet (Xizang) Amdo Kham hengduan mountains gazetteer biodiversity Geographic Information Systems (GIS) herbarium conservation georeferencing.

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Spatio-temporal variation of Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation in the hengduan mountains, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第4期18卷 891-906页

作者： YANG Zheng-lan ZHANG Ting-bin YI Gui-hua LI Jing-ji QIN Yan-bin CHEN Yang College of Earth Science Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China State Environmental-Protection Key Eaboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil&Water Pollution Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China College of ecological environment Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

The Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation(FPAR) is an important indicator of the primary productivity of vegetation. FPAR is often used to estimate the assimilation of carbon dioxide in vegetation. Based on MOD15 A2 H/FPAR data product, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and variation trend of FPAR in different vegetation types in 2001 to 2018 were analyzed in the hengduan mountains. The response of FPAR to climate change was investigated by using Pearson correlation analytical method and partial least squares regression analysis. Results showed that the FPAR in hengduan mountains presented an increasing trend with time. Spatially, it was high in the south and low in the north, and it also showed obvious vertical zonality by elevation *** vegetation FPAR was found to be positively correlated with air temperature and sunshine duration but negatively correlated with precipitation. Partial least squares regression analysis showed that the influence of sunshine duration on vegetation FPAR in hengduan mountains was stronger than that of air temperature and precipitation.

关键词： FPAR Climate change Correlation analysis Partial least squares regression analysis(PLS) hengduan mountains

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Pollen Morphology of Pedicularis ***,a Group Endemic to the Eastern Himalaya-hengduan mountains Region

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第2期50卷 244-252页

作者： Wen-Bin Yu Hong Wang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Pedicularis sect. Cyathophora is a distinctive group endemic to the eastern Himalaya-hengduan mountains region. It was regarded as a ＇grex＇ or section and included all four general corolla types of Pedicularis. A unique feature of it is that the leaf and bract bases are fused together to form a cup-like structure around the stem at each node. Pollen morphology of seven species in sect. Cyathophora was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and light microscopy （LM）. Two different pollen apertures could be distinguished （i.e. trisyncolpate and bisyncolpate） using LM, while examination with SEM made it possible to recognize three types of exine ornamentation （i.e. microscabrate, microfoveolate and microreticulate）. The microfoveolate exine ornamentation was found in trisyncolpate pollen grains for the first time. Possible relationships between pollen data and the corolla types were discussed. Comparisons of floral and phyllotaxy characters of the genus Pedicularis, together with the pollen characters of sect. Cyathophora, could help us to better understand the evolutionary trends in Pedicularis.

关键词： eastern Himalaya hengduan mountains Pedicualns pollen morphology sect. Cyathophora.

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Distribution patterns of clonal plants in the subnival belt of the hengduan mountains,SW China

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Plant Diversity 2020年第5期42卷 386-392页

作者： Yongqian Gao Jinxuan Zheng Xiangqun Lin Fan Du Faculty of Forestry Southwest Forestry University300 Bailong RoadKunming650224YunnanPR China Yunnan Forestry Technological College 1 JindianKunming650224YunnanPR China Forest Inventory and Planning Institute of Yunnan Province Kunming650051YunnanChina

Clonal reproduction(i.e.,production of potentially independent offspring by vegetative growth)is thought to provide plants with reproductive ***,studying the evolution of clonal reproduction in local floras is crucial for our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms plants deploy in stressful environments such as alpine *** this study,we characterized clonal plant species in the subnival belt of the hengduan mountains(a global biodiversity hotspot with extreme environmental conditions in southwest China),in order to determine the effects of sex system,growth form,and elevational distribution on *** compiled clonality data of angiosperm species belonging to 41 families in the subnival belt of the hengduan mountains using published *** the 793 species recorded in the region,47.92%(380 species)are clonal *** sex system and growth form had significant effects on the occurrence of clonal reproduction:unisexual species(79.79%)were more likely to be clonal than bisexual species(43.63%),and herbaceous species(51.04%)were more likely to be clonal than woody species(16.67%).Compared with non-alpine-endemic species(44.60%),alpine-endemic species(58.33%)showed a significantly higher proportion of clonal *** logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between incidence of clonality and elevational range,indicating that species distributed at high elevations are more likely to be ***,the elevational gradients in clonality were contingent on sex system or growth *** study reveals that plants in the subnival belt of the hengduan mountains might optimize their probability of reproduction through clonal reproduction,a finding that adds to our growing understanding of plant's adaptations to harsh alpine environments.

关键词： Alpine Clonal reproduction hengduan mountains Sexual reproduction Subnival belt

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Variation of Thornthwaite Moisture Index in hengduan mountains, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第5期26卷 687-702页

作者： ZHU Guofeng QIN Dahe TONG Huali LIU Yuanfeng LI Jiafang CHEN Dongdong WANG Kai HU Pengfei College of Geography and Environment Science Northwest Normal University State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Thornthwaite moisture index, an index of the supply of water （precipitation） in an area relative to the climatic demand for water （potential evapotranspiration）, was used to examine the spatial and temporal variation of drought and to verify the influence of environmental factors on the drought in the hengduan mountains, China. Results indicate that the Thornthwaite moisture index in the hengduan mountains had been increasing since 1960 with a rate of 0.1938/yr. Annual Thomthwaite moisture index in hengduan mountains was between -97.47 and 67.43 and the spatial heterogeneity was obvious in different seasons. Thomthwaite moisture index was high in the north and low in the south, and the monsoon rainfall had a significant impact on its spatial distribution. The tendency rate of Thomthwaite moisture index variation varied in different seasons, and the increasing trends in spring were greater than that in summer and autumn. However, the Thomthwaite moisture index decreased in winter. Thomthwaite moisture index increased greatly in the north and there was a small growth in the south of hengduan mountains. The increase of precipitation and decrease of evaporation lead to the increase of Thomthwaite moisture index. Thornthwaite moisture index has strong correlation with vegetation coverage. It can be seen that the correlation between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） and Thomthwaite moisture index was positive in spring and summer, but negative in autumn and winter. Correlation between Thornthwaite moisture index and relative soil relative moisture content was positive in spring, summer and autumn, but negative in winter. The typical mountainous terrain affect the distribu- tion of temperature, precipitation, wind speed and other meteorological factors in this region, and then affect the spatial distribution of Thomthwaite moisture index. The unique ridge-gorge terrain caused the continuity of water-heat distribution from the north to south, and the water-h

关键词： Thomthwaite moisture index Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Kriging interpolation hengduan mountains

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Effects of environment and genotype-by-environment interaction on phenotype of Rorippa elata(Brassicaceae),an endemic alpine plant in the hengduan mountains

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第4期17卷 42-55页

作者： Zhi-Qiang Du Yao-Wu Xing Ting-Shen Han CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China

Global climate change poses a severe threat to mountain *** plasticity and local adaptation are two common strategies for alpine plant to cope with such *** may facilitate organismal adaptation to contrasting environments,depending on the influences of the environment or genotype or their interacted *** this study,we use an endemic alpine plant(Rorippa elata)in the hengduan mountains(HDM)to unravel its phenotypic basis of adaptation strategy and evaluate the relative contributions of environment and genotype to its *** transplanted 37 genotypes of *** into two common gardens across low and high elevations(2800 vs.3800 m)during *** fitness-related traits were measured,including flowering probability and glucosinolates(GS)*** estimated the environmental or genotypic contributions to the phenotype and identified the main environmental *** results revealed that both environment and genotype-by-environment interactions contributed to the phenotypes of *** heterogeneity was identified as a key factor that explained 24%of the total phenotypic *** particular,genotypes of the northern HDM showed significantly higher plasticity in flowering probability than those of the southern ***,within the southern HDM,GS content indicated local adaptation to herbivory stresses for *** genotypes along *** conclusion,our results suggest that *** may have adapted to the alpine environment through species-level plasticity or regional-level local *** processes were shaped by either complex topography or interactions between genotype and mountain *** study provides empirical evidence on the adaptation of alpine plants.

关键词： alpine plant common garden genotype-by-environment hengduan mountains local adaptation phenotypic plasticity

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Elevational patterns of functional diversity and trait of Delphinium(Ranunculaceae)in hengduan mountains,China

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Plant Diversity 2022年第1期44卷 20-29页

作者： Li-Shen Qian Hong-Hua Shi Xiao-Kun Ou Hang Sun School of Life Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming650091China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan UniversityKunming650091China

Elevational patterns of trait occurrence and functional diversity provide an important perspective for understanding ***,previous studies have mostly examined functional diversity at the community ***,we examined large-scale patterns of trait occurrence and functional diversity in Delphinium along an elevational gradient from 1000 to 5700 m in the hengduan mountains,SW *** distribution and trait data of 102 Delphinium species were compiled to evaluate the patterns of interspecific traits,species richness,and functional *** found that the distribution of species richness showed a unimodal curve that peaked between 3500 and 4000 m;functional diversity and traits showed different patterns along an elevational gradient The functional diversity increased at a lower rate along an elevation gradient,whereas species richness continued to *** with large ranges and non-endemic species were most affected by geometric *** of species endemic to the hengduan mountains peaked at higher elevations,likely due to increased speciation and restricted dispersion under alpine *** conclude that the middle elevation region is not only the functionally richest but also the most functionally stable region for Delphinium,which could be insurance against environmental *** conditions and strong environmental filters in an alpine environment may cause the convergence of species traits,which could relate to reducing nutrient trait investment and increasing reproductive trait *** conclude that large-scale studies are consistent with previous studies at the community *** may indicate that the relationship between functional diversity and species richness across different scales is the same.

关键词： Elevational gradients Species richness Functional diversity hengduan mountains

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Diversity and Geographical Pattern of Altitudinal Belts in the hengduan mountains in China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第2期7卷 123-132页

作者： YAO Yonghui ZHANG Baiping HAN Fang, PANG Yu Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beo'ing 100101 China.

This paper analyses the diversity and spatial pattern of the altitudinal belts in the hengduan mountains in China. A total of 7 types of base belts and 26 types of altitudinal belts are identified in the study region. The main altitudinal belt lines, such as forest line, the upper limit of dark coniferous forest and snow line, have similar latitudinal and longitudinal spatial patterns, namely, arched quadratic curve model with latitudes and concave quadratic curve model along longitudinal direction. These patterns can be together ealled as ＂Hyperbolic-paraboloid model＂, revealing the complexity and speciality of the environment and ecology in the study region. This result further validates the hypnosis of a common quadratic model for spatial pattern of mountain altitudinal belts proposed by the authors. The spatial pattern of altitudinal belts is closely related with moisture-related exposure effect in the hengduan mountains. Different combinations （spectra） of altitudinal belts and different base belt types appear in windward and leeward flanks and even in the same flanks of different ranges. This is closely related with the parallel mountain ranges of the hengduan mountains, which, at nearly right angle with the moving direction of prevailing moisture-laden air masses from west and east, hold up the warm and humid monsoon wind from moving into the core region and result in different moisture conditions in windward and leeward flanks. However, how to quantitatively describe the moisture-related exposure effect needs further study. In addition, the data quality and data accuracy at present also affect to some extent the result of quantitative modeling and should be improved with RS/GIS in the future.

关键词： hengduan mountains Altitudinal belt spectra Exposure effect Quadratic model

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