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helminths as an alternative therapy for intestinal diseases

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第33期23卷 6009-6015页

作者： Aytan Miranda Sipahi Daniel Machado Baptista LIM 07-Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Gastroenterology Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyClínicas Hospital of University of Sao Paulo-HCFMUSP andSchool of Medicine at the University of Sao Paulo

Animal models and clinical studies have shown that helminth infections exert immunomodulatory activity,altering intestinal permeability and providing a potential beneficial action on autoimmune and inflammatory disorders in human beings,such as inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and celiac disease. This is consistent with the theory that intestinal microbiota is responsible for shaping human immunological responses. With the arrival of the immunobiologic era and the use of antibodies,we propose a distinctive pathway for treating patients with IBD and celiac disease. We have some evidence about the safety and tolerability of helminth use,but evidence about their impact on disease activity is lacking. Using worms to treat diseases could be a possible way to lower treatment costs,since the era of immunobiologic agents is responsible for a significant rise in expenses. Some questions remain to be investigated regarding the use of helminths in intestinal disease,such as the importance of the specific species of helminths used,appropriate dosing regimens,optimal timing of treatment,the role of host genetics,diet,environment,and the elucidation of the exact mechanisms of action. One promising approach is the use of helminth-derived anti-inflammatory molecules as drugs. Yet there are still many challenges with this method,especially with regard to safety. Studies on intestinal permeability point to Strongyloides stercoralis as a useful nematode for these purposes.

关键词： helminths Strongyloidiasis Immunology Inflammation Inflammatory bowel diseases Intestinal diseases Intestinal permeability Celiac disease

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helminths of veterinary and zoonotic importance in Nigerian ruminants:a 46-year meta-analysis(1970-2016)of their prevalence and distribution

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 497-511页

作者： Solomon Ngutor Karshima Beatty-Viv Maikai Jacob Kwada Paghi Kwaga Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine University of JosPMB2084 JosNigeria Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Ahmadu Bello UniversityPMB1045 ZariaNigeria

Background:The livestock industry plays a vital role in the economy of *** serves as a major source of income and livelihood for majority of Nigerians who are rural settlers and contributes about 5.2%to the National Gross Domestic Product(GDP).helminths however,cause economic losses due to reductions in milk production,weight gain,fertility and carcass *** helminths of livestock origin cause health problems in ***:Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)guidelines,the prevalence and distribution of helminths of veterinary and zoonotic importance in Nigerian ruminants were determined in a meta-analysis of data published between 1970 and *** were stratified based on regions,hosts,study periods,sample sizes and study types while helminths were phylogenetically grouped into cestodes,nematodes and ***:Data from 44 studies reported across 19 Nigerian states revealed an overall pooled prevalence estimate(PPE)of 7.48%(95%CI:7.38-7.57)for helminths of veterinary and zoonotic importance from a total of 320208 *** observed a significant variation(Phelminths of veterinary and zoonotic importance are prevalent in ruminants and well distributed across *** findings show that helminths of ruminants may also be possible causes of morbidity in humans and economic losses in the livestock industry in *** heterogeneity was observed within studies and the different *** agricultural practices on farms,standard veterinary meat inspection and adequate hygiene and sanitation in abattoirs,farms and livestock markets need to be implemented in Ni

关键词： Cestodes Geographical distribution helminths Nematodes Nigeria Prevalence Ruminants Trematodes

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Phytochemical and antioxidant activities of Rumex crispus L. in treatment of gastrointestinal helminths in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第12期7卷 1071-1078页

作者： Oladayo Amed Idris Olubunmi Abosede Wintola Anthony Jide Afolayan Medicinal Plants and Economic Development Research Centre Department of BotanyUniversity of Fort HareAlice5700South Africa

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activities and phytochemical content of the leaf and root extracts of Rumex crispus using the solvents extraction; methanol extract,ethanol extract, acetone extract(ACE), and water ***: Total flavonoids content, total phenolic content, and total proanthocyanidin were evaluated using spectrophotometric equivalents of the standards, quercetin, gallic acid and catechin respectively. The antioxidant activities of the plant extracts were determined using ABTS, DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide scavenging ***: The flavonoids and phenols contents of the extracts were in the range of(19.39 ± 4.08) to(526.23 ± 17.52) mg QE/g and(16.95 ± 12.03) to(240.68 ± 3.50) mg GAE/g, respectively. ACE of the leaf has the highest value of total flavonoids content(526.23 ± 17.52) mg QE/g while ACE of the root has the highest value of total phenolic content(240.68 ± 3.50) mg GAE/g. The highest content of total proanthocyanidin(645.38 ± 1.33) mg CE/g was in ACE of the root. Significant amounts of saponin and alkaloid were also present in the root and leaf extracts. All solvent fractions showed significant antioxidant activities(P < 0.05) with ACE of the root having the highest scavenging value as shown in DPPH, ABTS, total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide and ferric reducing antioxidant power(IC50= 0.014 mg/m L, <0.005 mg/m L, 0.048 mg/m L,0.067 mg/m L, and 0.075 mg/m L, respectively).Conclusions: In this study, the mean phytochemical content of the root of Rumex crispus is higher than that of the leaf and this may have contributed to its high antioxidant activities. This may also justify the frequent use of the root more than the leaves in traditional medicine for the cure of helminthic infections.

关键词： Antioxidant Phytochemical Rumex crispus helminths Treatment Scavenge

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High prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths in Southern Belize-highlighting opportunity for control interventions

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第5期4卷 345-353页

作者： Rina Girard Kaminsky Steven K.Ault Phillip Castillo Kenton Serrano Guillermo Troya Department of Paediatrics School of MedicineNational Autonomous University of Honduras and Parasitology ServiceDepartment of Clinical Laboratory University Hospital Department of Communicable Diseases and Health Analysis Pan American Health Organization Southern Regional Hospital Stann Creek DistrictMinistry of Health Head of PAHO/WHO in Suriname former Services of Health Systems Consultant

Objective:To assess prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths(STH) in school age children of two southern districts as baseline information prior to implement a deworming program against intestinal parasites as part of an integrated country development ***:Children randomly selected from urban and rural schools in Southern Belize provided one stool sample each,analysed by the Kato-Katz method to assess prevalence and intensity of STH *** Info software was used for data analysis;Chi-square test and Fischer exact test were applied to compare group proportions;P<0.05 was considered of statistical significance;descriptive statistics were expressed as ***:A total of 500 children from 10 schools participated in the study from May to *** of STH ranged between 40%and 82%among schools,with a median of 59.2%;the majority of light intensity,and with 2.2%high intensity *** and Axaris infections presented similar frequency in children aged from 6 to 9 years old;hookworm infections tended to be more frequent in the older group 10 to 12 years *** significances(P≤0.01)were found in children in rural schools infected with any species of STH,in moderate Trichuris infections,in hookworm infections in rural areas with strong Mayan presence and in Ascaris infections in children of Mayan ***:High prevalence of STH in Southern Belize provided sound ground for implementing an integrated deworming control program.

关键词： Belize Intestinal parasites Soil-transmitted helminths Survey

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Helminth infections and intestinal inflammation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第33期14卷 5125-5132页

作者： Li Jian Wang Yue Cao Hai Ning Shi Mucosal Immunology Laboratory Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts 02129 United States

Evidence from epidemiological studies indicates an inverse correlation between the incidence of certain immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and exposure to helminths. Helminth parasites are the classic inducers of Th2 responses. The Th2-polarized T cell response driven by helminth infection has been linked to the attenuation of some damaging Th1 driven inflammatory responses, preventing some Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases in the host, including experimentally induced colitis. Helminth parasites (the porcine whipworm, Trichuris suis ) have been tested for treating IBD patients, resulting in clinical amelioration of the disease. As a result, there is a great deal of interest in the research community in exploring the therapeutic use of helminth parasites for the control of immune-mediated diseases, including IBD. However, recent studies have provided evidence indicating the exacerbating effects of helminths on bacterial as well as non-infectious colitis in animal models. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms by which helminths modulate host immune responses in the gut may reveal novel, more effective and safer approaches to helminth-based therapy of IBD.

关键词： helminths Innate and adaptive immunity Intestinal inflammation

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Herbal anthelmintic agents: a narrative review

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第4期42卷 641-651页

作者： Manjusa Adak Pradeep Kumar Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Central University of PunjabGhuddaBathindaPunjab 151401India

helminths or Parasitic worms of humans may cause chronic and sometimes deadly diseases,considered as neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)that infect around two billion people *** have been used as anthelmintics from ancient *** review is a compilation of plants as source of anthelmintic *** information presented in this review article regarding the anthelmintic activities of plants from 2005 and has been acquired by approaching various electronic databases,including Scopus,Google scholar,Web of science and *** was surveyed for anthelmintic activity of plants which showed that secondary metabolites of plants like terpenes,glycosides,saponins,flavonoids,tannins and alkaloids were having anthelmintic *** this review is a compilation of anthelmintic activity of plants from the year 2005,it will definitely be a fruitful study for researchers working in this field.

关键词： helminths helminthiasis anthelmintics biological products

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Endoparasites of the Siberian tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第5期13卷 507-516页

作者： Tatyana V.MOSKVINA Michail Yu.SCHELKANOV Mariya A.BEGUN Far Eastern Federal University VladivostokPrimorsky KraiRussia Federal Scientific Center of Terrestrial Biodiversity of Eastern Asia Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokPrimorsky KraiRussia

There have been few reports on the diversity and prevalence of parasitic fauna of the endangered Siberian tiger,which inhabits the territory of the Russian Far *** present review attempts to summarize the information about the parasitic fauna of wild Siberian tigers,which includes 15 helminths and 3 protozoan *** most prevalent parasitic species was found to be Toxocara cati,followed by Toxascaris *** commonly recorded Platyhelminth species is Paragonimus westermani,which causes a lethal infection of the lung parenchyma in Siberian ***,the information about infections by this fluke in the Siberian tigers is scarce,although *** infections pose a serious health hazard to tiger *** nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Thominx aerophilus are found in Siberian tigers with an occurrence rate of 2.3%and 19%,*** information on the parasitic infestations of captive populations of Siberian tigers is also presented along with the sources of infection and hazards for the wild tiger populations in their natural environment.

关键词： helminths infection parasites protozoan Siberian tiger

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Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: A criticalreview of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第2期14卷 165-173页

作者： Natasha A Koloski Laurel Bret Graham Radford-Smith Department of Gastroenterology Royal Brisbane & Women'sHospital Herston Queensland 4072Australia Department of Gastroenterology Royal Brisbane & Women’sHospitalHerston Queensland 4072Australia

The hygiene hypothesis is thought to be a significant contributor to the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) around the world, although the evidence for specific factors that underlie the hygiene hypothesis in IBD is unclear. We aimed to systematically review the literature to determine which hygiene-related factors are associated with the development of IBD. Publications identified from a broad based MEDLINE and Current Contents search between 1966 and 2007 on key terms relevant to the 'hygiene hypothesis' and IBD including H pylori exposure, helminths, cold chain hypothesis, measles infection and vaccination, antibiotic use, breastfeeding, family size, sibship, urban upbringing, day care attendance and domestic hygiene were reviewed. The literature suggests that the hygiene hypothesis and its association with decreased microbial exposure in childhood probably plays an important role in the development of IBD, although the strength of the supporting data for each of the factors varies considerably. The most promising factors that may potentially be associated with development of IBD include H pylori exposure, helminths, breastfeeding and sibship. However, the vast majority of studies in this area are plagued by serious methodological shortcomings, particularly the reliance on retrospective recall of information making it difficult to truly ascertain the importance of a 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD. The 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD is an important area of research that may give clues to the aetiology of this disease. Directions for future research are recommended.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Hygiene hypothesis Microbial exposure Cold chain hypothesis H pylori helminths Measles Antibiotic Breastfeeding Child care

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Enteric parasites prevalence at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou,Burkina Faso

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第5期4卷 401-403页

作者： Simplice Damintoti Karou Drissa Sanou Djeneba Ouermi Salvatore Pignatelli Virginio Pietra Remy Moret Jean Baptiste Nikiema Jacques Simpore Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso Ecole Superieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires(RSTBA-UL) Universite de LomeTogo Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre(UFR/SVT) Universite de OuagadougouBurkina Faso Centre medical saint Camille de Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective:To assess the prevalence of parasitic infections among patients attending Saint Camille Medical Centre and to estimate co-parasitic infections ***:From January to December 2009,stool samples were collected from 11 728 persons,aged from five months to 72 years and suffering from *** macroscopic description,the stools were examined by light microscopy to search for the presence of ***:From the 11 728 analyzed stools,6 154(52.47%) were infected with at least one *** frequently encountered were:Giardia intestinalis(43.47%),Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar(30.74%) and Trichomonas irUestinalis(21.72%),while Hymenolepis nana(2.25%) was the most common ***-infections occurred in 22.34%*** the multi-infected samples,dual and triple infections accounted for 71.18%and 20.00%,*** irUestinalis for protozoan and Hymenolepis nana for helminths were the most implicated ***: This study confirms that intestinal parasites are still a public health problem in Burkina *** reduce the incidence of parasitic infections,it is necessary to promote the education of people so that they practice the rules of individual and collective hygiene.

关键词： Gastroenteritis Giardia intestinalis Hymenolepis nana helminths Burkina Faso

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Pattern of intestinal helminth infections among school children in an urban community in Ibadan,Nigeria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2008年第3期1卷 42-47页

作者： Fatiregun AA Oluwatoba OA Department of Epidemiology Medical Statistics and Environmental HealthFaculty of Public HealthCollege of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria

Despite a substantial reduction in the incidence and prevalence of parasitic diseases in the industrialized world, they continue to be an important public health problem in many developing African countries,including Nigeria. However,estimates of the prevalence of such infections among school age children,who bear the greatest health burden due to these diseases,are hard to come *** objective of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence and type of intestinal helminth infections among primary school *** study was cross-sectional in *** participants included 266 pupils recruited from three government primary schools in the Mokola area of Ibadan,*** pupils were interviewed and their stool samples examined for eggs of common *** mean age of the pupils was 9.8±2.6 years,and 128(48.1%) were *** pupils(7.1%) had intestinal helminth *** lumbricoides was found in 17 pupils(6. 4%) and was the most prevalent helminth among the children,while Trichuris trichiura was found in only two subjects(0.8%).Previous infestations and the use of public toilets were found to be significantly associated with current infections(P<0.05).This study demonstrated that the prevalence of intestinal infections was low among the pupils studied,and that Ascaris infection was the commonest infestation.

关键词： prevalence intestinal helminths school children

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