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heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil Irrigated with Industrial Effluents of Gadoon Industrial Estate, Pakistan and Its Comparison with Fresh Water Irrigated Soil

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2014年第2期3卷 80-87页

作者： Noor Amin Dawood Ibrar Sultan Alam Department of Chemistry Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan Department of Chemistry University of Malakand Chakdara Pakistan

Wastewater mixed with industrial effluents is used for irrigation in Gadoon Industrial estate and thus contaminating soil. This soil was tested for heavy metal content by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (perkin elmer 700) and compared with control soil irrigated with tube well water at seven selected spots. Accumulation of the toxic metal was significantly greater in the soil irrigated with industrial effluent than control soil (p heavy metal above the critical level mentioned in typical and unsafe heavy metal levels in soil.

关键词： Industrial Effluents Soil Tube Well Water heavy Metals Pollutio

heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Sediments of Xiling Channel Inland Waterway of Guangdong Province

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Asian Agricultural Research 2019年第6期11卷 40-46,49页

作者： Jianqiao QIN Xiaoping HUANG College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Zhaoqing University

Using the sediment monitoring data of five sections of the Xiling Channel inland waterway of the Pearl River Delta,and using Nemerow composite index,the coefficient of variation,and the index of geoaccumulation( Igeo) and the potential ecological risk index,this paper analyzed and assessed the heavy metal pollution of sediments. The results indicate that Cr reached mild pollution;Cu had a large degree of variation,and the changes of Cr and Zn were significant with fluctuation;the enrichment of heavy metals decreased as follows: Cd > Cu > Cr > Zn> Pb > Ni > Hg > As;Cd had the highest degree of enrichment and belonged to moderate pollution;the ecological hazard of heavy metals was Cd > Hg > Cu > Pb > As > Cr > Ni > Zn,and Cd had the highest ecological hazard and was the main controlling factor of potential ecological risk. In conclusion,the sediments in Xiling Channel inland waterway were polluted by heavy metals to some extent,and cadmium was the main pollutant and had the largest potential ecological risk.

关键词： Xiling Channel inland waterway Sediment heavy metal pollution

heavy metal extraction by a counter-flow moving bed reactor

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Natural Science 2012年第12期4卷 992-1001页

作者： Azza H. Ali M. Abdelaziz H. F. Elbakhshawangy Sameh H. Othman Nuclear Research Center Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt Nuclear Research Center Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt

In the current study, the extraction of heavy metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+) is suggested to be achieved by a counter-flow moving bed reactor. The studies are made at high (1 × 10-2 M) and low (1 × 10-4 M) initial concentrations of the heavy metal ions. Theoretical and experimental studies are made on the extraction of the metal ions with impregnated Amberlite resins, prepared by sorption of an organic extractant into the resin. The study suggests structural, kinetic and hydrodynamic parameters that shall be investigated prior to the design of a moving bed reactor. The effect of these parameters on the adsorption extent is theoretically investigated through the proposed model. Analyses of the experimentally estimated external, internal and chemical rate parameters show that the process is controlled by chemical reaction in both concentrations as the chemical reaction rate parameter is significantly smaller than both the internal and the external diffusion rate parameters.

关键词： Chemical Reactors Diffusion Mathematical Modeling Hydrodynamic Parameters heavy Metals Amberlite Resins

heavy Metal Speciation and Health Risk Assessment of Soil and Jute Mallow (Corchorus Olitorus) Collected From a Farm Settlement in Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2019年第4期8卷 201-223页

作者： Olatunji Mojeed Makanjuola Babatunde Saheed Bada Oriyomi Olalekan Ogunbanjo Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye Moyosoluwa Odunayo Adeyemi Department of Environmental management and Toxicology Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Ogun State Nigeria Department of Chemical Sciences Tai Solarin University of Education Ijagun Ogun State Nigeria Department of Geology Crawford University Igbesa Ogun State Nigeria

There is an increasing global concern for adverse effects of inorganic fertilizer and pesticides applied to agricultural soils. This study investigated metal speciation in soil and health risk assessment of Jute mallow (Corchorus olitoriuos) from a farm settlement in Ikorodu, Lagos State. Soil samples were collected according to the set standard procedure, sequentially extracted and analyzed for selected heavy metals using standard methods. Results showed that chromium (Cr) was associated with reducible fraction (Fe-Mn) for top soil, while cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu);lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni);and Cr were predominantly bound to carbonate, reducible and residual mineral components respectively for sub-soil. The results of Contamination Factor (CF), Contamination Degree (CD), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) showed that the soil samples were not polluted for all the investigated metals. The Cd level in the soil (13.54 ± 1.21 mg·kg﹣1) and vegetables (0.83 ± 0.05 mg·kg﹣1) were above the USEPA critical permissible limit of 3.0 mg·kg﹣1 and 0.1 - 1.2 mg·kg﹣1 respectively. The daily intake of estimated selected heavy metals from the vegetable ranged from 8.8 × 10﹣03 to 1.4 × 10﹣02 for adult and 3.8 × 10﹣03 to 1.1 × 10﹣02 for children while the Hazard Quotient (HQ) for adults ranged from 5.4 × 10﹣05 to 1.1 × 10﹣01 and that of children ranged from 8.3 × 10﹣03 to 1.4 × 10﹣02. The cancer risk (CR) values of heavy metals in the soil ranged from 1.02 × 10﹣11 to 9.90

关键词： Inorganic Fertilizer Pesticides Health Risk Jute Mallow heavy Metals

heavy Metals in Soils around the Cement Factory inRockfort, Kingston, Jamaica

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International Journal of Geosciences 2011年第1期2卷 48-54页

作者： A. Mandal M. Voutchkov 不详

This study deals with the distribution of heavy metals in soils around one of the most important industries in Kingston, Jamaica i.e. the Carib Cement factory at Rockfort. The dust emitted from the Caribbean Cement Company Limited (Carib Cement), located in Rockfort, Kingston, gets deposited in course of time over the soil, leaves and forms a grey cover on the surrounding soils. Geochemical analysis of the top soil, collected from the present study area has been undertaken to assess the impact of the dust emitted from the cement factory and its effect on the surrounding ecosystem. A total of seventeen top soil samples of 0-10 cm depth were collected from the close vicinity of the Rockfort and the Harbour view area and analysed by INAA, AAS, XRF for major, minor and trace elements. Results show that the top soils of the study area are enriched in Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, V, Pb, and Hg which are released into the air from the cement kilns. Results show that the soils are enriched in Ca with a maximum value of 18% followed by Al, Fe and Na. heavy metals in the soils of the study area shows relatively high concentrations of zinc with a maximum of 132 ppm followed by Cr (57) ppm and Pb (32) ppm. Maximum concentrations were found in soils sampled at a distance of 2-3 m from the cement factory as opposed to samples collected much further ie from the Harbour View area. High concentrations of the heavy metals in the soils near the cement factory as opposed to those further away can be due to the emissions from the factory. A significant contribution can also come from traffic emissions as the study area is located along one of the busiest street of Kingston, Jamaica.

关键词： Cement Dust Rockfort Kingston heavy Metals Jamaica

heavy Metal Contamination of Tree Leaves

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第8期6卷 687-693页

作者： Khageshwar Singh Patel Reetu Sharma Nohar Singh Dahariya Ankit Yadav Borislav Blazhev Laurent Matini Jon Hoinkis School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India Central Laboratory for Chemical Testing and Control Sofia Bulgaria Department of Exact Sciences E.N.S. Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe Germany

The study of heavy metal (HMs) contamination of environment is of great interest due to their serious health hazard. In this work, the contamination of tree leaves with the HMs in the most polluted industrial city, Korba, India is described. The leaves of common trees i.e. Azadirachta indica, Butea monosperma, Eucalyptus, Ficus religiosa, Mangifera indica and Tectona grandis were selected for assessment of the HMs contamination as bioindicator. The elevated concentration of HMs (i.e. As, Fe, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the tree leaves was observed, ranging from 2.8 - 43, 728 - 5182, 8.6 - 49, 48 - 1196, 43 - 406, 79 - 360, 1.12 - 1.65, 1.6 - 16.4 and 0.13 - 0.76 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration, enrichment and sources of the HMs in the leaves are described. Azadirachta indica leaves, accumulating higher concentration of the HMs, showed a higher efficiency as bioindicator for the urban pollution.

关键词： heavy Metal Soil Tree Leaf Bioindicator India

heavy Metals Nickel and Chromiumin Sediments in the Juru River, Penang, Malaysia

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第11期4卷 1245-1250页

作者： A. A. Idriss A. K. Ahmad School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences University of Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Malaysia.

Study was conducted to determine the concentrations of (Ni) and (Cr) in sediment and to investigate the effect pH and organic matters on concentrations of nickel and chromium in sediment at Juru River, Penang, Malaysia. The sequential extraction procedure was used based on defined fractions: exchangeable, acid reduction, oxidation and residual. The concentrations of Ni and Cr in residual fraction were higher than the other fractions. In non-residual fractions, the concentration of heavy metals in organic matter fraction was much higher than other fractions (6.63 ± 3.90 μg/g-1 dry weight ) for nickel and (6.44 ± 2.10 μg/g-1 dry weight) for chromium. The pH of the sediment in all sites was acidic. The mean of total concentrations of Ni and Cr was 38.21 and 24.92 μg/g-1 dry weight, respectively. Results of organic matter analysis showed that the percentage of organic matter present in sediment samples varied throughout the river and all sites of sediments were ranged from 7.10% to 16.20%. Comparison between sampling sites using one-way analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences for Ni (P 0.05) in changeable fraction. At acid reduction, oxidation and residual fractions, there were significant differences for the two metals (P 0.05). Analysis of pH and percentage of organic matter present in sediment conclude that Ni and Cr were not strongly correlated at oxidation fraction.

关键词： heavy Metals Sediments Sequential Extraction ICP-MS

heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Water in Some Selected Towns in Dunkwa-on-Offin District in the Central Region of Ghana as a Result of Small Scale Gold Mining

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2014年第2期3卷 40-47页

作者： Jerome D. A. Kpan Boadu Kwesi Opoku Anukwah Gloria College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China Department of Chemistry University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana

Illegal small scale gold mining popularly called “Galamsey” in our local communities is on the increase. This has led to concerns about the level of environmental pollution resulting from these mining activities. This work was conducted to determine the level of heavy metal contamination in the environment due to the activities of the small scale miners. This paper discusses the concentrations of some selected heavy metals—Hg, Pb, and Cu which were measured in 14 sampling sites in Dunkwa-on-Offin in the Central Region of Ghana, known for these activities. The heavy metal concentrations have been investigated for soil and water samples in the selected towns and compared with the relevant guidelines of the Environmental Protection Agency. The concentration of heavy metals was measured by using AAS. In most locations, the concentration for the investigated heavy metals far exceeded the concentration admitted by the guidelines. The mean concentration of Lead was 95.13 mg/Kg for soil and 190.27 mg/L in water;Copper was 63.26 mg/Kg in soil and 75.92 mg/L in water while Mercury was 140.87 ug/Kg in soil and 211.31 mg/L in water. The mean recorded concentrations in the sensitive areas exceeded greatly. Hence the levels of heavy metal contamination have spread beyond control.

关键词： Small-Scale Gold Mining Mercury Pollution heavy Metal Dunkwa-on-Offin Ghana

heavy Metals Uptake in Maize Grains and Leaves in Different Agro Ecological Zones in Uasin Gishu County

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第12期8卷 1435-1444页

作者： Teresa Akenga Vincent Sudoi Walter Machuka Emmy Kerich Elkana Ronoh Office of the Vice Chancellor University of Eldoret Eldoret Kenya School of Environmental Studies University of Eldoret Eldoret Kenya

Maize grain is the second most vital food after wheat to humans and forms an important part of a human diet due to its nutrients. In Kenya, it is estimated that one out of every two acres of land put to crop production is under maize crop. Maize can also be fed whole to livestock (grazed or chopped and ensiled). Due to increased demand and the need for higher productivity, farmers have adopted modern farming methods which include use of fertilizers, pesticides, compost manure, and irrigation. Uses of these products elevate amounts of heavy metals in the soil. Such heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium when taken up by plants accumulate in the plants becoming toxic at high levels. It is essential to monitor these levels in grains and leaves to ensure they do not exceed the WHO permissible limits. This study aimed at monitoring the levels of heavy metals uptake in maize (Zea mays) grains and leaves is within permissible levels. Level of heavy metals in maize grains from different ecological zones in UG County had mean concentration of Zn 0.122, Cd 0.03, Cu 0.111, Co 0.04, and Pb 0.33 mg/kg. These results were below WHO standards except for Cadmium, Co, and Pb which were slightly higher than recommended standard. The study also found that maize leaves had mean concentration of Zn 0.115, Cd 0.04, Cu 0.117, Co. 0.041 and Pb 0.323 mg/kg. The results were below WHO standards except Co and Pb which had slightly higher levels than the recommended WHO standards. The analytical results from this study provided important baseline statistics on the concentration of selected heavy metals in maize grains and leaves besides being an important assessment of environmental pollution in rural areas where maize farming is predominant.

关键词： heavy Metals Maize Grains and Seeds Uasin Gishu County Agro-Ecological Zones