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Factors governing heat affected zone during wire bonding

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中国有色金属学报：英文版 2009年第S2期19卷 490-494页

作者：孙立宁刘曰涛刘延杰 State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255049China

In the wire bonding process of microelectronic packaging,heat affect zone(HAZ)is an important factor governing the loop profile of *** height of loop is affected by the length of the *** governing the HAZ were *** investigate this relationship,experiments were done for various sizes of wire and free air ball(FAB).Electric flame-off(EFO)current, EFO time,EFO gap and recrystallization were also *** results show that as the size of FAB becomes larger,the length of HAZ *** the increase of EFO current and time,the length of HAZ becomes *** FAB forms at the same parameter the length of HAZ becomes shorter with the high temperature of recrystallization.

关键词： heat affected zone wire bonding electric flame off free air ball

MICROSTRUCTURE AND INCLUSION CHARACTERIZATION IN THE SIMULATED COARSE-GRAIN heat affected zone WITH LARGE heat INPUT OF A Ti-Zr-MICROALLOYED HSLA STEEL

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第2期18卷 96-106页

作者： Y.T.Chen X.Chen Q.F.Ding J.Zeng TechnologyCenter WuhanIronandSteel（group）CooperationWuhan430080China

The microstructure and the characteristics of the inclusions embedded in ferrite matrix in simulated coarse-grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) of a Ti-Zr-treated high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel have been investigated. The microstructure of the simulated CGHAZ dominantly consisted of intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF) combining with a small amount of polygonal ferrite (PF), widmanst tten ferrite (WF), bainite ferrite (BF), pearlite and martensite-austenite (M-A) islands. The PF, WF and BF were generally observed at the prior austenite grain boundaries and the interlocking acicular ferrite was usually found intragranularly. It was found that the inclusions were composed of Ti2O3, ZrO2, Al2O3 locating at the center of the particles and MnS lying on the surface layer of the inclusions. The intragranular complex inclusions promoted the acicular ferrite formation and the refinement of microstructure whilst those at prior austenite grain boundaries caused PF formation on the inclusions. The simulated CGHAZ consisting of such complicated microstructure exhibited desired mechanical properties.

关键词： microalloyed HSLA steel heat affected zone microstructure mechanical property inclusion acicular ferrite titanium zirconium

Effect of Laser Power on the Cladding Temperature Field and the heat affected zone

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2011年第1期18卷 73-78页

作者： LUO Fang YAO Jian hua HU Xia xia CHAI Guo-zhong College of Zhijiang Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang China Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology of Ministry of Education Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310012 Zhejiang China

H13 powder is cladded on steel P20 （base） by continuous COe laser, and the influence of technological pa rameters such as the laser power is analyzed. The 3-D model of synchronous powder feeding is built under Gauss heat source. The simulative results in the heat affected zone are compared with the experimental ones, and the average er rors of width and depth are 15% and 4.5%, respectively. It is found that the simulative results provide basic data for investigating of laser cladding further.

关键词： laser power laser cladding temperature field heat affected zone

STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN heat affected zone AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PROPERTIES OF WELDED WHITE CAST IRON

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1991年第9期4卷 191-195页

作者： ZOU Zengda WANG Yong REN Dengyi Shandong Polytechnic University,Jinan,China Shandong Polytechnic Univ Jinan China

The structural change in heat affected zone(HAZ)and its influence on properties of welded white cast iron have been investigated by means of thermal cycle simulation *** structure of the white cast iron at peak temperature 800℃ was examined as cementite in pearlitic matrix,of which the hardness and impact toughness are the lowest,while the struc- ture after cyclic heating at high peak temperature is mainly cementite together with twin martensite,of which the hardness and impact toughness are rather *** phase bounda- ries in the structure of low hardness are smooth and regular as well as with fine precipitates. Both the cleavage and interphase fracture were revealed in the structure of low hardness,while the transgranular fracture was found in those areas of higher hardness.

关键词： white cast iron heat affected zone simulation technique

Excellent heat affected zone Toughness Technology Improved by Use of Strong Deoxidizers

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2011年第S2期18卷 141-147页

作者： YANG Jian, ZHU Kai, WANG Rui-zhi, SHEN Jian-guo (Metallurgical Process Department, Research Institute, Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd, Shanghai 201900, China) Baoshan Iron & Steel Co Ltd Res Inst Met Proc Dept Shanghai 201900 Peoples R China

Excellent heat affected zone Toughness Technology Improved by use of Strong Deoxidizers (ETISD Technology) has been developed by Baosteel. When deoxidation of molten steel is conducted at the precisely controlled oxygen concentrations, the formation of the micro-meter inclusions and the nano-meter precipitates in the steel plate can be effectively controlled. During the welding process with high-heat input, the formation of acicular ferrite can be selectively promoted with the aid of micro-meter inclusions; the growth of γ grain can also be selectively restrained by the pinning effect of nano-meter precipitates. After welding with high-heat input of 400 kJ/cm, excellent heat affected zone toughness can be obtained for the steel plates with both of the above microstructures, and the average absorbed energy is greater than 200 J for V notch Charpy impact test at -20℃ .

关键词： high-heat input welding heat affected zone toughness oxide metallurgy inclusions

Quantitative research on the heat affected zone of weave bead welding for Invar alloy

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China Welding 2017年第2期26卷 18-22页

作者：陈洁占小红夏令张聃刘芸魏艳红 Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co. Ltd Institute of Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology College of material science and technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Quantitative research on the heat affected zone （ HAZ） o f weave bead welding （ WBW） joint fo r Invar alloy is carried out in this paper. Based on the morphology and related data analysis of the weld seam, the width difference o f each layer and the forming mechanism are analyzed. Results show that the bottom layer （ Layer 1 ） has the widest HAZ and the smallest fluctuation, which reaches 1 200 ｜jLm. HAZ width o f layer 2 to 5 is relatively narrower which is basically below 600 jjim, while the amplitude fluctuation is greater. The main reason lies in the welding path. The long straight welding without weave causes the base metal near the groove fully melts which causes by the long straight welding without weave, while welding with weave leads to the uneven and inadequate melting of metal near groove.

关键词： heat affected zone weave bead welding Invar alloy

Residual Stresses and Micro-Hardness Testing in Evaluating the heat affected zone’s Width of Ferritic Ductile Iron Arc Welds

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2016年第1期7卷 73-82页

作者： Georgios K. Triantafyllidis Dimitrios I. Zagliveris Dionysios L. Kolioulis Christos S. Tsiompanis Titos N. Pasparakis Athanasios P. Gredis Melina L. Sfantou Ioannis E. Giouvanakis Department of Chemical Engineering Aristotle University Thessaloniki Greece

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) in Ductile Irons (DI) is often required by foundries for practical manufacturing reasons. The mechanical properties of the welded structures are strongly dependent on their HAZ’s width. A model based on the behaviour of the ferritic matrix of high-Si DIs in order to make an approach in measuring their HAZ’s width is developed in this study. A series of thermal treatments on 3.35 and 3.75 wt% Si as-cast DIs and spot SMAWs is applied on these materials. The applied SMAWs are done on non-preheated and preheated samples (150℃ - 300℃). For welding we modify the amperage (100 - 140A). The micro-hardness Vickers changes in the ferrite of the as-cast samples and inside the HAZ of the welded ones can be attributed to the existence of residual stresses (RS) in the ferritic matrix and assist in estimating the HAZ’s width.

关键词： Welds heat affected zone Residual Stresses Micro-Hardness Vickers heat affected zone’s Width

Effect of welding parameters on the heat-affected zone of AISI409 ferritic stainless steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第10期19卷 923-929页

作者： Eslam Ranjbarnodeh Stefanie Hanke Sabine Weiss Alfons Fischer Young Researchers Club(East Tehran Branch) Islamic Azad UniversityTehran 33955-163Iran Materials Science and Engineering University of Duisburg-EssenDuisburg 47057Germany

One of the main problems during the welding of ferritic stainless steels is severe grain growth within the heat-affected zone （HAZ） In the present study, the microstmctural characteristics of tungsten inert gas （TIG） welded AISI409 ferritic stainless steel were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction （EBSD）, and the effects of welding parameters on the grain size, local misorientation, and low-angle grain boundaries were studied. A 3-D finite element model （FEM） was developed to predict the effects of welding parameters on the holding time of the HAZ above the critical temperature of grain growth. It is found that the base metal is not fully recrystallized. During the welding, complete recrystallization is followed by severe grain growth. A decrease in the number of low-angle grain boundaries is observed within the HAZ. FEM results show that the final state of residual sWains is caused by competition between welding plastic strains and their release by recrystallization. Still, the decisive factor for grain growth is heat input.

关键词： ferritic stainless steel welding heat affected zone recrystallization grain growth finite element method

Excellent heat affected zone toughness technology improved by strong deoxidizers

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Baosteel Technical Research 2010年第4期4卷 32-36页

作者： YANG Jian1),ZHU Kai1),WANG Ruizhi1),ZHANG Yi2)and SHEN Jianguo1)1)Metallurgical Process Division,Research Institute,Baoshan Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201900,China2)Analysis & Testing Center,Research Institute,Baoshan Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201900,China Metallurgical Process Division Research Institute Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. Shanghai 201900 China Analysis & Testing Center Research Institute Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. Shanghai 201900 China

Excellent heat affected zone(HAZ)toughness technology improved by strong deoxidizers(ETISI)technology has been developed by *** the deoxidation process of molten steel by adding strong deoxidizers,the formation of micrometer inclusions and nano-meter precipitates in steel plates can be effectively controlled by a precise control of oxygen *** the welding process with a high-heat input,the formation of acicular ferrite can be selectively promoted with the aid of the micrometer inclusions;the growth of γ grains can also be selectively restrained by the pinning effect of the nano-meter *** welding with a high-heat input of 400 kJ/cm,excellent HAZ toughness can be obtained in the steel plates with both of the above microstructures,and the average absorbed energy is greater than 200 J for the V-notch Charpy impact test at-20℃.

关键词： high-heat input welding heat affected zone toughness oxide metallurgy inclusions