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Amino acid digestibility of heat damaged distillers dried grains with solubles fed to pigs

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 88-97页

作者： Ferdinando Nielsen Almeida John Kyaw Htoo John Thomson Hans Henrik Stein Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois1207 W Gregory DrUrbana IL 61801 USA Evonik Industries AG Rodenbacher Chaussee 4Hanau 63457 Germany Evonik Degussa Corporation 1701 Barrett LakesBlvd NW Kennesaw GA 30144 USA

The primary objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of heat treatment on the standardized ileal digestibility （SID） of amino acids （AA） in corn distillers dried grains with solubles （DDGS） fed to growing pigs. The second objective was to develop regression equations that may be used to predict the concentration of SID AA in corn DDGS. A source of corn DDGS was divided into 4 batches that were either not autoclaved or autoclaved at 130℃ for 10, 20, or 30 min. Four diets containing DDGS from each of the 4 batches were formulated with DDGS being the only source of AA and CP in the diets. A N-free diet also was formulated and used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Ten growing pigs （initial BW： 53.5 ＋ 3.9 kg） were surgically equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to a replicated 5 x4 Youden square design with 5 diets and 4 periods in each square. The SID of CP decreased linearly （P〈 0.05） from 77.9% in non-autoclaved DDGS to 72.1, 66.1, and 68.5% in the DDGS samples that were autoclaved for 10, 20, or 30 min, respectively. The SID of lysine was quadratically reduced （P〈 0.05） from 66.8% in the non-autoclaved DDGS to 54.9, 55.3, and 51.9% in the DDGS autoclaved for 10, 20, or 30 min, respectively. The concentrations of SID Arginine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, or Threonine may be best predicted by equations that include the concentration of acid detergent insoluble N in the model （r2 = 0.76, 0.68, 0.67, 0.84, 0.76, 0.73, or 0.54, respectively）. The concentrations of SID Isoleucine and Valine were predicted （r2 = 0.58 and 0.54, respectively） by the Lysine：CP ratio, whereas the concentration of SID Tryptophan was predicted （r2 = 0.70） by the analyzed concentration of Tryptophan in DDGS. In conclusion, the SID of AA is decreased as a result of heat damage and the concentration of SID AA in heat-damaged DDGS may be predicted by regression equations developed in this experiment.

关键词： Amino acids Digestibility Distillers dried grains with solubles heat damage

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Hyperspectral imaging technology to detect the vigor of thermal-damaged Quercus variabilis seeds

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 461-469页

作者： Lei Pang Jiang Xiao Jingjing Ma Lei Yan School of Technology Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China

This study investigated the feasibility of hyperspectral imaging techniques to estimate the vigor of heatdamaged Quercus variabilis *** thermal damage grades were classified according to heat treatment duration(0,2,5,and 10 h).After obtaining hyperspectral images with a 370–1042 nm hyperspectral imager that included visible and near infrared light,germination was tested to confirm *** Savitzky–Golay(SG)second derivative was used to preprocess the spectrum to reduce any noise *** successive projections algorithm(SPA),principal component analysis,and local linear embedding algorithm were used to extract the characteristic spectral bands related to seed ***,a model for seed vigor classifi-cation of *** s based on partial least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM)with different spectral data sets was *** results show that the spectrum after SG second derivative preprocessing was better for developing the model,and SPA performed the best among the three feature band selection *** combination SG second derivative-LS-SVM provided the best classification model for *** seed vigor,with the prediction set reaching 98.81%.This study provides an important basis for rapid and nondestructive assessment of the vigor of heat-damaged seeds using hyperspectral imaging techniques.

关键词： Seed vigor level Quercus variabilis heat damage Hyperspectral Least squares support vector machine

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Performance of Temperature-Related Weather Index for Agricultural Insurance of Three Main Crops in China

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第1期8卷 78-90页

作者： Jing Zhang Zhao Zhang Fulu Tao State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology/Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Hazards Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal University Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this study, two categories of weather index—absolute index and relative index—for chilling injury and heat damage of three main crops in China were assessed to identify insurable counties. First, correlations between selected weather indices and yield losses were examined for each county. If a correlation was significant, the county was categorized as ‘‘insurable'' for the corresponding hazard or index. Second, the spatial distribution of insurable counties was characterized and finally, their correlation coefficients were analyzed at various spatial *** results show that the spatial patterns of insurable areas varied by categories of weather indices, crops, and ***, the weather indices based on relative threshold of temperature were more suitable for chilling injury in most regions, whereas the indices based on absolute threshold were more suitable for heat damage. The findings could help the Chinese government and insurance companies to design effective insurance products.

关键词： Chilling injury China Crop insurance heat damage Weather index

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Geothermal anomalies in the Xianshuihe area: Implications for tunnel construction along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, China

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2023年第3期11卷 237-248页

作者： Feng Liu Wei Zhang Gui-ling Wang Shuai-chao Wei Chen Yue Guang-zheng Jiang Yu-zhong Liao Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological ScienceShijiazhuang 050061China China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Beijing 100083China Technology Innovation Center of Geothermal&Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development Ministry of Natural ResourcesShijiazhuang 050061China Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059China

This study presents a comprehensively analysis of geothermal characteristics in the Xianshuihe geothermal area along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway,using temperature logging,temperature monitoring and thermal conductivity measurement,and regional geothermal geological survey *** research focuses on the geothermal background,geothermal field,and their potential impact on the surrounding *** investigation reveals that the average heat flow value in the study area is approximately 73.0 mW/m^(2),significantly higher than the average terrestrial heat flow in China's Mainland(62.5 mW/m^(2)).This high terrestrial heat flow signifies a distinct thermal background in the *** addition,geothermal anomalies in the area are found to be closely associated with the distribution of hot springs along NW faults,indicating a strong control by the Xianshuihe fault *** study concludes that the region's favorable conditions for geothermal resources are attributed to the combination of high terrestrial heatflow background and water-conducting ***,these conditions also pose a potential threat of heat damage to the tunnels along the Sichuan-Tibet *** evaluate the risk,the research takes into account the terrestrial heat flow,thermal conductivity of the tunnel surrounding rocks,characteristics of the regional constant temperature layer,as well as the distribution of hot springs and *** analysis specifically focuses on the thermal damage risk of Kangding 1# tunnel and 2# tunnel passing through the study *** on the findings,it is determined that Kangding 1# tunnel and 2# tunnel have relatively low risk of heat damage,as they have avoided most of the high temperature anomaly ***,several sections of the tunnels do traverse zones with low to medium temperatures,where surface rock temperatures can reach up to 45℃.Therefore,these regions should not be neglected during the construction and operation of the tunnel project,and mitigation measu

关键词： Xianshuihe geothermal zone Terrestrial heat flow Hot spring Tunnel heat damage

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