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Enhancing landslide hazards survey and management to reduce the loss of human lives and properties

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 169-170页

作者： Yong-shuang Zhang School of Engineering and Technology China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Institute of Geosafety China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

Landslides are pervasive geohazards that pose a serious threat to human lives,property,and crucial engineering ***,landslides lead to tens of thousands of fatalities(see the paper of"List of typical catastrophic landslides from March 2004 to February 2024"in this issue,doi:10.31035/cg2024079)and cause economic damages amounting to billions of dollars around the world,as well as disrupting crucial infrastructures such as railways,highways。

关键词： hazards survey dollar

The Influence of Underlying Stresses from Environmental hazards on Resilience in Bangladesh: A System View

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 511-528页

作者： Philip Lake Richard Fenner Building Sustainability Group ArupLondon W1T 4BQUK Centre for Sustainable Development Engineering DepartmentCambridge UniversityCambridge CB21TNUK

Bangladesh is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change,while its people also suffer from a range of environmental hazards linked to the growing prevalence of non-communicable *** diseases are responsible for increasing morbidity and mortality and lead to other stresses within the *** stresses create continuous impacts on the health and well-being of the population,compounding their vulnerability and inhibiting their capacity to cope with frequent event-related shocks,such as floods and drought.A systems approach is taken to examine four important environmental hazards in Bangladesh—arsenic contamination of drinking water,arsenic transmission through the food chain,indoor air quality,and air pollution.A review of these hazards is presented in a conceptual framework that links human well-being with the key system components of infrastructure,institutions,knowledge,and *** reveals key underlying factors between the hazards and uncovers system structures that can lead to more effective hazard mitigation,and the establishment of strategic intervention *** article concludes that elimination of these continuous stresses will only come about through the culmination of multiple interventions over time,undertaken in an iterative manner that builds on the continual advancement of hazard *** role of individual behaviors,together with factors such as risk awareness and perception of the hazards,has been identified as crucial for achieving successful mitigation *** knowledge of the hazards,public awareness,and government accountability are focus points to reduce population exposure and enhance response capacity.

关键词： Air pollution Arsenic contamination Bangladesh Drinking water contamination Environmental hazards Resilience

Changes of Population, Built-up Land, and Cropland Exposure to Natural hazards in China from 1995 to 2015

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 557-572页

作者： Yimin Chen Wei Xie Xiaocong Xu School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geosimulation Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

By using the latest China population grid and land-use data,we assess the changing exposure of China’s population and land uses to the hazards of storm surges,droughts,earthquakes,floods,and landslides from 1995 *** found that the single-hazard areas and the multihazard areas covered 43%and 26%of China’s territory,*** grew faster in the hazard-prone areas than in the non-hazard ***-up area expanded more rapidly in the areas prone to earthquakes and *** changed rapidly in many hazard-prone *** hazard-prone areas affected by floods featured the highest cropland loss rates,while the areas prone to earthquakes and landslides featured the highest cropland growth *** detected areas with significant exposure changes by using hot spot *** was found that population and built-up land in the Pearl River Basin were increasingly exposed to storm surges,floods,and *** Haihe River Basin and Huaihe River Basin also showed a consistent increase of population and built-up land exposure to droughts and *** findings can provide a foundation for the design and implementation of protection and adaptation strategies to improve the resilience of Chinese society to natural hazards.

关键词： China Exposure to natural hazards Population change Built-up land Cropland

Assessing Social Vulnerability to Flood hazards in the Dutch Province of Zeeland

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第2期10卷 233-243页

作者： Ryan H.Kirby Margaret A.Reams Nina S.N.Lam Lei Zou Gerben G.J.Dekker D.Q.P.Fundter Department of Environmental Sciences Louisiana StateUniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA Climate Studies Wageningen University&ResearchWageningen6708PBGelderlandThe Netherlands Delta Management University of Applied SciencesVlissingen4382NWZeelandThe Netherlands

The 2007 European Union Floods Directive encouraged member nations to pursue a more integrated view of flood risks and management strategies, taking into account social vulnerabilities of residents. To date, most flood-risk analyses conducted by the Dutch government have focused on physical risk. This study utilizes fine-scale data to construct a social vulnerability index for 147 districts of the Dutch province of Zeeland, located in the Southwestern Delta and the scene of widespread devastation following the 1953 North Sea Flood. Factor analysis of 25 indicators of social vulnerability selected from related research in Europe and the United States results in seven factors explaining roughly 66% of the total variance. These factors of social vulnerability in Zeeland are urban density,low-income households, recent population change, female gender, train access, and self-employed and service-sector employment. The index was constructed using the toploading variable in each of these factors, with weights determined by the variance explained by each *** range from a low of 0.20 in Schore, municipality of Kapelle, to the highest score of 0.64 in Oudelandse Hoeve of Terneuzen. The most vulnerable districts are located in South Zeeland, with eight of the 10 found in *** majority of less vulnerable districts are located in Zeeland’s central region.

关键词： Factor analysis Flood hazards Netherlands Social vulnerability index Southwest Delta Zeeland

Assessment of Secondary Mountain hazards along a Section of the Dujiangyan Wenchuan Highway

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： HAN Yong-shun DONG Shao-kun CHEN Zheng-chao HU Kai-heng SU Feng-huan HUANG Peng Hunan Province Engineering Laboratory of Geo-spatial Information Hunan University of Science and Technology Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mountain hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Conducting a hazard assessment for secondary mountain hazards is the technical basis for reconstructing destroyed highways and for disaster *** is necessary to consider the role and influence of structural engineering measures as an important assessment *** this study,based on six substantial field investigations conducted between July 2008 and July 2012,a 2 km wide zone along both sides of the Dujiangyan Wenchuan(Du Wen) Highway was selected as the study *** units and small watersheds in the study area were extracted with GIS software and used as basic assessment *** field investigations,remote sensing surveys and experimental analysis,a structural engineering effectiveness assessment was conducted using the technique of principal component *** results showed the following:1) A total of 491 collapses,12 landslides,32 slope debris flows and 17 gully debris flows were scatted across the study *** total overall areal density of all mountain hazards was 25.7%.The distribution of secondary hazards was influenced mainly by seismic intensity,active fault zones,lithology,slope and *** than 70% of secondary hazards occurred in zones with a seismic intensity of XI,a distance to the fault zone of between 0 and 25 km,a slope between 25° and 50°,and an altitude of between 1,000 m and 1,800 m.2) Different structural engineering measures play different roles and effects in controlling different types and scales of secondary mountain hazards.3) With a secondary mountain hazard area of 128.1 km2and an areal density of 34.9%,medium,high and very high hazard zones accounted for 74% of the study area and were located on the high,steep slopes along both sides of the *** low hazard zone was located mainly in the valley floor,on gentle slope platforms and at locations 1.5 km away from the highway the hazard area was 45 km2and the areal density was 3.3%.4) The methodology for hazard assessment of secondary mountain

关键词： Secondary hazards Landslide Debris flow Hazard assessment Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway

An Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Natural hazards in Nepal Using a Modified Social Vulnerability Index

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第1期10卷 103-116页

作者： Sanam K.Aksha Luke Juran Lynn M.Resler Yang Zhang Department of Geography Virginia Tech Virginia Water Resources Research Center Virginia Tech Urban Affairs and Planning Virginia Tech

Social vulnerability influences the ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. The identification of vulnerable populations and factors that contribute to their vulnerability are crucial for effective disaster risk reduction. Nepal exhibits multihazard risk and has experienced socioeconomic and political upheaval in recent decades, further increasing susceptibility to ***, we still know little regarding social vulnerability in Nepal. Here, we investigate social vulnerability in Nepal by adapting Social Vulnerability Index(SoVI) methods to the Nepali context. Variables such as caste, and populations who cannot speak/understand Nepali were added to reflect the essence of the Nepali context. Using principal component analysis, 39 variables were reduced to seven factors that explained 63.02% of variance in the *** scores were summarized to calculate final SoVI scores. The highest levels of social vulnerability are concentrated in the central and western Mountain, western Hill, and central and eastern Tarai regions of Nepal, while the least vulnerable areas are in the central and eastern Hill regions. These findings, supplemented with smaller-scale analyses, have the potential to assist village officers, policymakers,and emergency managers in the development of more effective and geographically targeted disaster management programs.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Natural hazards Nepal Principal component analysis Social Vulnerability Index

Examination of Common Occupational hazards among Healthcare Workers in a University Healthcare Center in Southeastern Nigeria

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Health 2022年第8期14卷 833-852页

作者： David Chinaecherem Innocent Chiagoziem Ogazirilem Emerole Cosmas Nnadozie Ezejindu Ugonma Winnie Dozie Sophia Ifechidere Obani Anthony Chinonso Uwandu-Uzoma Chidozie Joachim Nwaokoro Mary Ulumma Udeh Stanley Chinedu Eneh Angelica Chinecherem Uwaezuoke Keside Marizu Iwuji Samson Adiaetok Udoewah Promise Nwanyinma Uzowuihe Vivian Chidimma Maduekwe Department of Public Health Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Public Health Abia State University Uturu Nigeria Department of Environmental Toxicology University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Nursing & Healthcare Leadership Faculty of Health Studies University of Bradford West Yorkshire UK Department of Community Health Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Environmental Management Federal University of Technology Owerri Owerri Nigeria Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics Federal University of Technology Owerri Owerri Nigeria

Background: Healthcare workers are challenged by an imposing group of occupational hazards. These hazards include exposure to biological and non-biological hazards like ionizing radiation, stress, injury, infectious agents, and chemicals. The aim of this study was to assess common occupational hazards among health workers at the Department of Health Services (DHS), Federal University of Technology, Owerri. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed for the study, and a self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The SPSS Version 22.0 software was used for the analysis of the descriptive statistics obtained from the study. This study included both clinical and non-clinical health workers. A purposive sampling technique was used in recruiting a total of 94 respondents who participated in the study from September 2020 to April 2021. Results: A total of 94 respondents who participated in the study and among the participants, 33.3% (31) of the respondents were aged 31 - 40 years, and the majority of the health workers, 43.6% (41) had stayed between 1 - 5 years. Also, 92.6% (87) of the health workers have heard of occupational hazards. The study showed that 84.0% (79) of health workers had good knowledge of common occupational hazards. Biological hazards among health workers are 47.9% (45) cuts and wounds, 29.8% (28) direct contact with contaminated specimens/hazardous materials, and 26.6% (26) sharp related injuries, while for non-biological hazards, 44.7% (42) have slipped, tripped or fallen, and 35.1% (33) have been stressed. Common safety measures include 86.2% (81) washing their hands regularly;78.7% (74) using hand gloves;and 85.1% (80) agreeing they use face masks. Conclusion: Despite good knowledge of occupational hazards, participants at DHS were faced with certain hazards. It is recommended that the university, government, and policymakers revise and implement actions to provide health workers at DHS with equipment to e

关键词： hazards Occupational hazards Health Workers Knowledge Safety Risk

The Salient Issues of Coastal hazards and Disasters in Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第5期14卷 361-372页

作者： Regina Folorunsho Moses Salami Akeem Ayinde Nehemiah Gyuk Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research Lagos Nigeria

The Nigerian coastline which stretches about 853 km has four distinct morphological zones namely, Barrier Lagoon, Mahin Mud coast, Niger Delta and Strand coast. Nigeria’s coastal zone is richly blessed with various natural resources like oil, gas, fish, sand etc., which are presently being exploited for economic development. Coastal populations have increased erratically from about 20% of the National population in 1993 to approximately 51,037,122 m (30% of the national population) in 2011. Development of coastal areas in Nigeria is accelerating and user conflicts are increasing. Both natural and anthropogenic activities in the coastal zone are leading to coastal hazards and eventual rapid degradation of the area. Significant coastal hazards include coastal erosion, storm surges, floods, land subsidence, pollution, especially oil spills and possibly seismicity, which could lead to earthquakes and tsunamis. These hazards are leading to disasters and effecting the socio-economic sustainability of the coastal area.

关键词： Erosion Floods Pollution Degradation hazards Disasters

Tectonic and geological setting of the earthquake hazards in the Changning shale gas development zone, Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第5期46卷 1051-1064页

作者： HE Dengfa LU Renqi HUANG Hanyu WANG Xiaoshan JIANG Hua ZHANG Weikang China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083China Institute of Geology China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100045China Hebei Earthquake Agency Shijiazhuang 050021China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

Hydraulic fracturing is a key technology in shale gas extraction,whether hydraulic fracturing induces earthquakes has become a hot topic in the public and the focus of scholars’*** urgency of shale gas mining and the catastrophic nature of earthquakes highlight the urgent need to study this *** Changning anticline at the southern margin of the Sichuan Basin is a key area for shale gas *** this as an example,this paper applies the velocity model of the study area to reposition the M5.7 magnitude earthquake on December 16,2018 and the M5.3 magnitude earthquake on January 03,2019 and their aftershock sequence in this *** shale gas exploration drilling and reflection seismic data to carry out structural analysis,and recovering the tectonic geological setting of earthquake occurrence by restoring the formation process of the Changning anticline,to further explore the seismic *** results show that the Changning anticline is a large basement fault-bend fold,and the displacement of the fault forming the anticline is 18 km,and the Changning anticline absorbs 33%of the fault *** Silurian Longmaxi Formation of the Changning anticline experienced larger-parallel shearing along underlying basement faults,forming a micro-fracture *** footwall ramp of the basement fault is reactivated at present,earthquakes in this area mostly occur along the footwall ramp of the basement fault and above and below *** anticlinal and synclinal hinge zones are also the earthquake concentration areas,but the earthquake magnitude decreases upwards along the kink-band,and small earthquakes below M2.0 occur in the Silurian Longmaxi *** far,the earthquake in the Changning anticline mainly occurred in the southern limb of the anticline,which is a natural earthquake formed along the footwall ramp of the basement *** earthquakes in the Changning area are possible related to the geo-tectonic setting for the southeast outward compre

关键词： earthquake hazards shale gas exploration shale gas production hydraulic fracturing fluid overpressure structural deformation Changning anticline Sichuan Basin