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Interactive effect of thermal aging and proton irradiation on microstructural evolution and Hardening ofδ-ferrite in 308L stainless steel weld metal

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 140-155页

作者： Xiaodong Gao Xiaodong Lin Tao Guo Lining Xu Yaolei Han Baolong Jiang Xingyuan Mei Qunjia Peng Lijie Qiao Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute of Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Materials Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Suzhou 215004China State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

In the harsh service environment of high temperature and intense neutron irradiation in water-cooled nuclear reactors,the austenitic stainless steel weld overlay cladding on the inner surface of the reactor pressure vessel suffers from thermal aging and irradiation damage simultaneously,which can induce microstructural evolution and Hardening of the material.Since it is quite difficult to achieve this simul-taneous process out of the pile,two kinds of combined experiments,i.e.,post-irradiation thermal aging and post-aging irradiation were performed on 308 L stainless steel weld metals in this work.The interactive effect of thermal aging and proton irradiation on microstructural evolution and Hardening ofδ-ferrite in 308 L weld metal was investigated by combining atom probe tomography,transmission elec-tron microscopy and nanoindentation tests.The results revealed that thermal aging could eliminate the dislocation loops induced by irradiation and affect the phase transition process by accelerating spinodal decomposition and G-phase precipitation,thus enhancing Hardening of irradiatedδ-ferrite.For the effect of irradiation on the microstructure and Hardening of thermally agedδ-ferrite,however,intensive collision cascades can intensify G-phase precipitation and dislocation loop formation but decrease spinodal decomposition,leading to a limited effect on Hardening of thermally agedδ-ferrite.Furthermore,the interaction of thermal aging and irradiation can promote G-phase precipitation.Meanwhile,the interaction can causeδ-ferrite Hardening,which is mainly influenced by spinodal decomposition,followed by G-phase and dislocation loops,where spinodal decomposition and G-phase cause Hardening by inducing strain fields.

关键词： Austenitic stainless steel weld metals Thermal aging Proton irradiation Interaction Microstructural evolution Hardening

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Hardening and toughening effects of intermediate nanosized structures in a confined amorphous alloy film

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第23期118卷 44-53页

作者： Z.Q.Chen M.C.Li X.Tong Y.Zhao J.Y.Xie S.W.Guo P.Huang F.Wang H.B.Ke B.A.Sun W.H.Wang Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices and School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang UniversityXinjiangUrumqi 830046China Key Laboratory of LCR Materials and Devices of Yunnan Province School of Materials and EnergyYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China State-Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Material Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanics Education Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

The plastic deformation of amorphous alloys is well known to be localized into shear bands(SBs),which are believed to stem from the atomic-scale flow defects,i.e.,shear transformation zones(STZs).Yet,the bridge between the mesoscopic SBs and the atomic-scale STZs remains poorly understood.In this work,through thermally activating pronouncedβrelaxations in the well-designed crystalline-layer confined amorphous(CLCA)Ni W alloy films,we experimentally captured and observed an intermediate nanosized structure termed as“nano shear bands”(NSBs)with a typical size of 1–2 nm in thickness and5–10 nm in length.The influences of such NSB structures on the macroscale deformation behavior were systematically investigated.It was found that NSBs lead to both Hardening and toughening effects for the CLCA films,as they promote multiple and controlled shear banding deformation,which results in enhanced crystallization.The intermediate NSB structure could connect the microstructural characteristics and macroscopic plasticity in amorphous alloys and may provide new insights for understanding the microscopic deformation mechanism of amorphous alloys as well as tuning/designing their properties.

关键词： Amorphous alloys Nano shear band Hardening Toughening Crystallization

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New insights into the Hardening and pitting corrosion mechanisms of thermally aged duplex stainless steel at 475℃:A comparative study between 2205 and 2101 steels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第3期98卷 123-135页

作者： R.Silva G.S.Vacchi C.L.Kugelmeier I.G.R.Santos A.A.Mendes Filho D.C.C.Magalhães C.R.M.Afonso V.L.Sordi C.A.D.Rovere Munir Rachid Corrosion Laboratory Department of Materials EngineeringFederal University of São CarlosRodovia Washington Luis Km 23513565-905 São CarlosSPBrazil Engineering Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center(CECS)Federal University of ABCAvenida dos Estados 500109210580 Santo AndréSPBrazil Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and EngineeringBrazil

In this study,the relationship between spinodal decomposition and the formation of Ni-rich clusters and G-phase in the ferrite on Hardening and pitting corrosion of two thermally aged duplex stainless steels(DSSs)at 475℃was investigated.Results indicate that,for 2205 DSS,pitting corrosion behavior is influenced by the presence and size of G-phase precipitates for longer aging times,but this contribution is masked by the advanced stage of spinodal decomposition in the ferritic structure.On the other hand,for 2101 DSS,the formation of Cr-richer nitrides impairs pitting corrosion resistance more than spinodal decomposition.

关键词： Duplex stainless steel Spinodal decomposition G-phase precipitation Pitting corrosion Hardening

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Microstructure,Hardening and deuterium retention in CVD tungsten irradiated with neutrons at temperatures of defect recovery stagesⅡandⅢ

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Tungsten 2022年第3期4卷 248-260页

作者： Xiao-Ou Yi Tatsuya Kuwabara Vladimir KhAlimov Yu-Feng Du Wen-Tuo Han Ping-Ping Liu Bin-You Yan Jiu-Peng Song Kenta Yoshida Takeshi Toyama Fa-Rong Wan Somei Ohnuki Yuji Hatano Yasuyoshi Nagai School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya UniversityFuro-choChikusa-kuNagoya464-8063Japan Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow119071Russia Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversityNarita-cho 2145-2OaraiIbaraki311-1313Japan Xiamen Tungsten Co.Ltd. Xiamen361021China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xihua UniversityChengdu610039China Hydrogen Isotope Research Center University of ToyamaToyama930-8555Japan

Samples of ultra-high-purity tungsten prepared using chemical vapour deposition(CVD)technique were irradiated with neutrons at temperatures T_(irr)=373-483 K(stage Ⅱ of defect recovery)and T_(irr)=573-673 K(stage Ⅲ)up to 0.15 displacements per atom(dpa)in the Belgian reactor(BR2).The study of the microstructure of neutron-damaged samples using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed visible defects with a predominance of dislocation loops.With an increase in the neutron irradiation temperature,the spatial distribution of the loops acquired pronounced inhomogeneity,and their average size moderately increased.Cavities and voids were not observed.Irradiation-induced Hardening was found and a linear correlation was obtained between Vickers microhardness and nanohardness for undamaged and neutron-irradiated CVD-W samples.Irradiation of tungsten with neutrons led to a significant increase in the retention of deuterium,which accumulated mainly in vacancy-type traps.Furthermore,the influence of the columnar grain structure in low-dose neutron-irradiated tungsten seemed to be non-trivial upon deuterium retention.

关键词： CVD-W Neutron irradiation Microstructure Hardening Deuterium retention

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Age Hardening responses of as-extruded Mg-2.5Sn-1.5Ca alloys with a wide range of Al concentration

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第3期38卷 39-46页

作者： Qiuyan Huang Yang Liu Aiyue Zhang Haoxin Jiang Hucheng Pan Xiaohui Feng Changlin Yang Tianjiao Luo Yingju Li Yuansheng Yang Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(MOE) School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819China Research Center for Metallic Wires Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China

This article aims to explore the age Hardening responses of both as-extruded and as-aged Mg-2.5 Sn-1.5 Ca-x Al alloys(x=2.0,4.0 and 9.0 wt%,termed TXA322,TXA324 and TXA329,respectively)through microstructural and mechanical characterization.Results indicate that grain size of as-extruded TXA322,TXA324 and TXA329 alloys were^16μm,~10μm and^12μm,respectively.A number ofanddislocations were observed in all the as-extruded samples.Guinier–Preston(GP)zones were evidently identified in TXA322 alloy,while only a small number of Mg17 Al12 phases existed in both TXA324 and TXA329 alloys.An aging treatment facilitated the precipitation of a high number density of GP zones within the matrix of TXA322 alloy.In contrast,no obvious nano-precipitates were in as-aged TXA324 alloy.Numerous nano-Mg17 Al12 phases were formed through a following aging treatment in TXA329 alloy.In terms of mechanical properties,it is apparent that an increment in ultimate tensile strength of^46 MPa and^40 MPa was yielded in peak-aged TXA322 and TXA329 alloys,while no obvious variations in UTS were present in peak-aged TXA324 alloy,in comparison with the as-extruded counterparts.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Age Hardening Precipitations Dislocations Mechanical properties

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Age Hardening process modeling and optimization of aluminum alloy A356/Cow horn particulate composite for brake drum application using RSM,ANN and simulated annealing

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第4期14卷 336-345页

作者： Chidozie Chukwuemeka Nwobi-Okoye Basil Quent Ochieze Faculty of Engineering Anambra State University (Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University) Department of Mechanical Engineering Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University

Most conventional ceramic based aluminum metal matrix composites(MMCs) are either heavy,costly or combination of both. In order to reduce cost and weight,while at the same time maintaining quality,cow horn particles(CHp) was used with aluminum alloy A356 to produce MMC for brake drum application and other engineering uses. The aim of this research is to model the age Hardening process of the produced composite using response surface methodology(RSM) and artificial neural network(ANN),and to use the developed ANN as fitness function for a simulated annealing optimization algorithm(SA-NN system) for optimization of age Hardening process parameters. The results show that ANN modeled the age Hardening data excellently and better than RSM with a correlation coefficient of experimental response with ANN predictions being 0.9921 as against 0.9583 for the RSM. The SA-NN system optimized process parameters were in very close agreement with the experimental values with the maximum relative error of 1.2%,minimum of 0.35% and average of 0.71%.

关键词： Artificial neural network Response surface methodology Simulated annealing Age Hardening Metal matrix composite

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Strain Hardening of as-extruded Mg-xZn(x=1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%) alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第1期35卷 142-150页

作者： Chaoyue Zhao Xianhua Chen Fusheng Pan Jingfeng Wang Shangyu Gao Teng Tu Chunquan Liu Jiahao Yao Andrej Atrens International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys (Ministry of Education) College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys Chongqing UniversityChongqing400045China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072QldAustralia

The influence of Zn on the strain Hardening of as-extruded Mg-x Zn(x = 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%) magnesium alloys was investigated using uniaxial tensile tests at 10^(-3)s^(-1) at room temperature. The strain Hardening rate,the strain Hardening exponent and the Hardening capacity were obtained from true plastic stress-strain curves. There were almost no second phases in the as-extruded Mg-Zn magnesium alloys. Average grain sizes of the four as-extruded alloys were about 17.8 μm. With increasing Zn content from 1 to 4 wt%, the strain Hardening rate increased from 2850 MPa to 6810 MPa at(б-б_(0.2)) = 60 MPa, the strain Hardening exponent n increased from 0.160 to 0.203, and the Hardening capacity, Hc increased from 1.17 to 2.34.The difference in strain Hardening response of these Mg-Zn alloys might be mainly caused by weaker basal texture and more solute atoms in the α-Mg matrix with higher Zn content.

关键词： Mg-Zn alloy Strain Hardening Dislocation Basal texture

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Hardening after annealing in nanostructured 316L stainless steel

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Nano Materials Science 2020年第1期2卷 80-82页

作者： Zhongchen Zhou Shuaizhuo Wang Jiansheng Li Yusheng Li Xiaolei Wu Yuntian Zhu Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA

In this work,coarse-grained 316 L stainless steels were cold rolled with a thickness reduction of^83%(CR 83%).After annealing,the behaviors of the nanostructured stainless steel samples were systematically investigated in the temperatures range of 200C–650C.It was found that with increasing annealing temperature the volume fraction of theα0-martensite first increased to reach a maximum value at 400C,then the volume fraction decreased with further increases of the annealing temperature.The yield strength was increased from 1400 MPa to 1720 MPa after annealing;this strong Hardening effect in cold rolled 316 L stainless steel was mainly attributed to the increase of the volume fraction ofα0-martensite.

关键词： Metals and alloys Nanostructure Heterostructure 316L stainless steel Annealing Hardening Martensitic transformation

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Effect of annealing time and phosphorus addition on bake Hardening behavior of ultra-low carbon bake Hardening steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2018年第12期25卷 1287-1295页

作者： Xi-liang Zhang Hua-feng Hou Tao Liu Qian Zhou Hong-ji Liu Yu-long Zhang Hao-xuan Cui Zheng Lv College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056038HebeiChina

The relationship of the P and C grain boundary segregation and its effect on bake Hardening behavior were investigated in ultra-low carbon bake Hardening (ULC-BH)steel with and without P addition annealed at 810 ℃ for various time using electron probe micro-analyzer,electroh backscattered diffraction,and three-dimensional atomic probe techniques.Results revealed that P addition and annealing duration considerably affected the bake Hardening behavior of experimental steel. The BH value of ULC-BH steel without P addition is lower than that with P addition within a short annealing time,and the difference in the BH value gradually decreases as the annealing duration is prolonged.P segregation is dominant in terms of a high P bulk content in steels with P addition at the expense of C segregation during annealing.By contrast,opposite effects are observed in low carbon bake Hardening steel.The high residual solute C content in steel with P addition is due to P segregation at the grain boundary.Site competition is mainly responsible for the lower BH value in ULC-BH steel without P addition than that with P addition.As the annealing time is further extended,C segregation begins at grain boundary despite the delayed P segregation,leading to a gradual decrease in the solute concentration in the matrix of steels with P addition.C and P segregations reach the equilibrium as the annealing time increases to 60 min at 810 ℃ in the two steel samples.Theoretical calculations reveal that the residual solute C concentration in the matrix decreases to zero,and this finding is consistent with the change trend of the bake Hardening value.Hence,the C segregation at grain boundary. adversely influences the bake Hardening property of ULC-BH steel.

关键词： Ultra-low carbon bake Hardening steel Carbon Phosphorus addition Bake Hardening behavior Grain boundary segregation

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Flexible manufacturing technology of controlling exact bake Hardening value in continuous galvanizing line

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2018年第12期25卷 1296-1302页

作者： Xiao-fei Zheng Yong-lin Kang Bao-yong Wang Zhi-gang Han Xin-Iong Luo School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Shougang Jingtang Iron and Steel United Co. Ltd. Tangshan 063200HebeiChina

Flexible manufacturing technology for ultra-low-carbon bake Hardening (BH)steels with different solute carbon contents in the range of (6-16)× 10^-4 wt.%was systematically studied.The effects of soaking temperature,cooling rate and aging time on solute carbon content were explored.The bake Hardening value in a continuous galvanizing line with an over-aging section was investigated.Optimal manufacturing parameters were calculated using the design of experiment to obtain the best and most flexible process parameters.Results indicate a relationship among carbon content,soaking temperature and cooling rate.When solute carbon is 9 × 10^-6,cooling rate is 50 ℃/s,the soaking temperature is 745 ℃,and BH value is 45 MPa,the requirements of an automobile factory can be met.

关键词： Bake Hardening value Solute carbon content Aging time Soaking temperature Cooling rate

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