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Epidemiology of pediatric schistosomiasis in hard-to-reach areas and populations:a scoping review

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 114-114页

作者： Phyllis Munyiva Isaiah Marta Sólveig Palmeirim Peter Steinmann Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Kreuzstrasse 24123AllschwilSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland

Background Schistosomiasis affects over 250 million people *** children and the poor being key risk groups,limited research and control activities target pre-school aged children(PSAC)and hard-to-reach *** endemic countries shift the goals of their schistosomiasis programs from morbidity control to disease elimination,there is a need for inclusive planning to cover all affected age groups from all geographical areas and populations to achieve sustainable impact and health *** We conducted searches in MEDLINE,Web of Science,Embase(Ovid),and LILACS per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Extension for Scoping Reviews(PRISMA-ScR)*** assessment of identified articles was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal *** study data were extracted from the articles and entered into Microsoft Excel 2016 for descriptive *** From the 17,179 screened articles,we identified 13 eligible studies on schistosomiasis in PSAC living in hard-to-reach areas and *** identified studies were from sub-Saharan *** mean sample size of the retained studies was 572,with a balanced sex distribution among the young children sampled in each *** studies investigated Schistosoma mansoni,one investigated Schistosoma haematobium,while two covered both *** and *** in the target *** prevalence of *** among PSAC in the included studies was estimated at 12.9%in Ghana,80.3–90.5%in Kenya,35.0%in Madagascar,9.6–78.0%in Senegal,11.2–35.4%in Sierra Leone,44.4–54.9%in Tanzania and 39.3–74.9%in *** of the three studies that investigated ***,the presence of the infection was reported in only one study carried out in *** infections reported in nearly all studies included in this review were of light *** one study conducted in Nigeria documented visible hematuria in 17.7%of the PSAC

关键词： Schistosomiasis Prevalence Epidemiology Pre-school aged children Pediatric hard-to-reach Praziquantel

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Adding Sputum Collection and Transportation Services for Early Identification TB Cases in hard-to-reach Difficult Terrain—Will It Help?

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2017年第4期5卷 220-228页

作者： Badri Thapa Banuru Muralidhara Prasad Sarabjit Singh Chadha Subrat Mohanty Deepak R. Mishra Jamie Tonsing TB and Communicable Disease Department International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease South-East Asia Regional Office New Delhi India

A community engagement project was designed and implemented to reach 10.6 million population in 13 districts of Uttarakhand state—India, to identify presumptive TB patients (PTBPs) and link to free diagnostics services, either through referral or sputum collection and transportation (SCT). The objective of this study is to determine additional yield of TB patients achieved by providing SCT services in comparison to referrals of PTBPs identified in hard-to-reach areas. This was before and after comparative study conducted between April-June 2014 (2Q2014-before) to July-September 2014 (3Q2014-after). SCT was advised for all PTBPs identified from community level interventions between July-September 2014 (3Q2014-after). In 3Q2014, additional 279 (34%) PTBPs were examined in the microscopy centre with an additional 36 (51%) new smear positive (NSP) patient diagnosed. A total of 46 NSP (128%) were contributed by SCT alone. Higher proportion (94%) of TB patients was initiated on treatment in 3Q2014 in comparison to 2Q2014 (91%). SCT as a strategy for early case detection in hard-to-reach difficult terrain yields positive results in comparison to mere referral of PTBPs.

关键词： hard-to-reach Sputum Collection and Transportation India Tuberculosis Project Axshya

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Does Missing Data in Studies of hard-to-reach Populations Bias Results? Not Necessarily

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Open Journal of Statistics 2017年第2期7卷 264-289页

作者： Anneliese C. Bolland Sara Tomek John M. Bolland Institute for Social Science Research The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA Department of Educational Studies in Psychology Research Methodology and Counseling The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA

Missing data are always an issue in community-based longitudinal studies, calling into question the representativeness of samples and bias in conclusions, the research has generated. This may be due to the difficulty of implementing random sampling procedures in these studies and/or the inherent difficulty in sampling hard-to-reach segments of the population being studied. In fact, the ability to accurately study hard-to-reach populations in light of potential bias created by missing data remains an open question. In this study, missing data are defined as both failure to interview potential research participants identified in the sampling frame and failure to retain enrolled research participants longitudinally. Using the sample from the Mobile Youth Survey, a multiple-cohort, longitudinal study of adolescents living in highly impoverished neighborhoods in Mobile, Alabama, we examined sample representativeness and dropout to determine whether missing data led to a nonrepresentative, and therefore, biased sample. Results indicate that even though random procedures are not strictly used to draw the sample, (a) the sample appears to be largely representative of the population that was studied, and (b) attrition is largely uncorrelated with characteristics of those who dropped out. This suggests that it is possible to study with validity hard-to reach populations in community settings.

关键词： hard-to-reach Populations Missing Data Representativeness Community-Based Research

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Kiosk: An Innovative Client Centric Approach to Tuberculosis Prevention and Care

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2018年第2期6卷 148-155页

作者： Janmejaya Samal Banuru Muralidhara Prasad Subbanna Jonalgadda Sripriya Vegendela Sarabjit Singh Chadha Catholic Health Association of India (CHAI) Hyderabad India TB and Communicable Disease Department International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease South-East Asia Regional Office New Delhi India

Kiosk is a client centric drop-in centre for TB information and services established in urban and peri-urban (slum) settings to provide outreach services under project Axshya. The main objective of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy and feasibility of scaling-up of the model to provide TB services. The assessment was carried out with the help of project recording and reporting formats used to document the information and services provided in the Kiosk from April 2016 to March 2017. The results from retrospective data analysis for services provided at 20 kiosks benefited 16,871 clients;of these 11,252 (66.7%), 1339 (7.9%), 848 (5%), 2911 (17.2%), (1.4%), 273 (1.6%) benefited with TB information, Flexi-DOT, sputum-collection-transportation (SCT), counselling, and domiciliary care respectively. Through active case finding (ACF);126,893 households were visited and 3593 presumptive-TB-patients received SCT services. A total of 329 TB patients were identified and linked to treatment services of national TB programme. “Kiosk” as a client centric approach would be a novel concept to ensure TB information, TB related services and contribute to ongoing efforts of TB case finding.

关键词： hard-to-reach Sputum Collection and Transportation India Tuberculosis Project Axshya

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