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Seasonal and interannual variability of water mass sources of Indonesian throughflow in the Maluku Sea and the halmahera Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第4期38卷 58-71页

作者： Lu Wang Lei Zhou Lingling Xie Quanan Zheng Qiang Li Mingming Li Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variability and Disaster Prediction Guangdong Ocean University Department of Navigation PLA Navy Petty Officer Academy School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong University Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland

So far, large uncertainties of the Indonesian throughflow(ITF) reside in the eastern Indonesian seas, such as the Maluku Sea and the halmahera Sea. In this study, the water sources of the Maluku Sea and the halmahera Sea are diagnosed at seasonal and interannual timescales and at different vertical layers, using the state-of-the-art simulations of the Ocean General Circulation Model(OGCM) for Earth Simulator(OFES). Asian monsoon leaves clear seasonal footprints on the eastern Indonesian seas. Consequently, the subsurface waters(around 24.5σ_θ and at ～150 m) in both the Maluku Sea and the halmahera Sea stem from the South Pacific(SP) during winter monsoon, but during summer monsoon the Maluku Sea is from the North Pacific(NP), and the halmahera Sea is a mixture of waters originating from the NP and the SP. The monsoon impact decreases with depth, so that in the Maluku Sea, the intermediate water(around 26.8σ_θ and at ～480 m) is always from the northern Banda Sea and the halmahera Sea water is mainly from the SP in winter and the Banda Sea in summer. The deep waters(around27.2σ_θ and at ～1 040 m) in both seas are from the SP, with weak seasonal variability. At the interannual timescale,the subsurface water in the Maluku Sea originates from the NP/SP during El Ni?o/La Ni?a, while the subsurface water in the halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. Similar to the seasonal variability, the intermediate water in Maluku Sea mainly comes from the Banda Sea and the halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. The deep waters in both seas are from the SP. Our findings are helpful for drawing a comprehensive picture of the water properties in the Indonesian seas and will contribute to a better understanding of the ocean-atmosphere interaction over the maritime continent.

关键词： water mass Indonesian throughflow monsoon ENSO Maluku Sea halmahera Sea

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Diversity of Stingless Bees Based on Principal Component Analysis in halmahera Island,Indonesia

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2019年第4期9卷 262-268页

作者： Hearty Salatnaya Asnath Maria Fuah Cece Sumantri Widiatmaka Sih Kahoho Department of Animal Production and Technology Faculty of Animal ScienceIPB UniversityBogor 16680Indonesia Department of Soil Science and Land Resources Faculty of AgricultureIPB UniversityBogor 16680Indonesia Research Center for Biology Indonesian Institute of SciencesCibinong 16911Indonesia Agrotechnology Study Program Banau Tertiary Institute of Agricultural EnterpriseWest Halmahera 97752Indonesia

Tetragonula is one of stingless bees genus widely spread in Indo-Pacific with various species,including *** genus is also found in West halmahera,but it does not have a unique character as the marker,so it is difficult to *** best way to identify is by measuring the body part from each *** research was conducted to analyze morphometry to know the diversity of stingless bee in West *** hundred thirty-two(332)stingless bees from 51 colonies of three different species were used,namely Tetragonula clypearis,40 colonies(252 bees),***,10 colonies(72 bees),and ***,one colony(eight bees).Morphometry of stingless bees were analyzed based on principal component analysis(PCA),visualized into scree plot,score plot,loading plot and *** results showed that only two principal components(PCs)on eigenvalue have a score more than one with the total proportions are 85.8%.All the species were not correlated because they appeared in different *** variables have a positive correlation with ***,but negative correlation with ***,while *** has a weak correlation with the variables of *** can only be found in the highlands,*** is mostly found in medium elevations but can also be found in highlands,while *** can only be found in lowlands.

关键词： Morphometry Tetragonula elevation halmahera Island

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE MINDANAO EDDY AND TROPICAL CURRENTS OF PACIFIC OCEAN

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1992年第3期10卷 258-267页

作者：李荣凤曾庆存季仲贞 LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia Sinica Beijing 100080

Results of numerical simulation of currents in the western North Tropical Pacific Ocean by using a barotropic primitive equation model with fine horizontal resolution agreed well with observations and showed that the Mindanao Cyclonic Eddy located north of the equator and east of Mindanao Island exists during most of the year with monthly (and large seasonal) variations in scope . strength and central location . In June , an anticyclonic eddy occurs northeast of halmahera Island, strengthens to maximum in August , exists until October and then disappears . The observed large-scale circulation systems such as the North Equatorial Current . the Mindanao Current and the North Equatorial Countercurrent are all very well reproduced in the simulations.

关键词： numerical simulation North Equatorial Current Mindanao Current. North Equatorial Countercurrent Mindanao Eddy halmahera Eddy

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