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Diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of Peru

Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 27-40页

作者： Luz GARCIA-LONGORIA Jaime MURIEL Sergio MAGALLANES Zaira Hellen VILLA-GALARCE Leonila RICOPA Wilson Giancarlo INGA-DIAZ Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Cesar GUERRA-SALDANA Teresa SALAS-RENGIFO Wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA Kathya ESPINOZA Carlos MENDOZA Blanca SALDANA Manuel GONZALEZ-BLAZQUEZ Henry GONZALES-PINEDO Charlene LUJAN-VEGA Carlos Alberto Del AGUILA Yessica VILCA-HERRERA Carlos Alberto PINEDA Carmen REATEGUI Jorge Manuel CARDENAS-CALLIRGOS JoseAlberto IANNACONE Jorge Luis MENDOZA Ravinder NMSEHGAL Alfonso MARZAL Departamento de Anatomia Biologia Celular y ZoologiaUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajoz E-506071Spain Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversitySolvegatan 37SE-22362 LundSweden Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologıa-IPE(CSIC) Avda.Nuestra Senora de la Victoria 16Jaca 22700Spain DIRESA Direccion Regional de SaludLoreto 16001Peru Departamento Academico de Microbiologia y Parasitologia.Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia PeruanaIquitos 16001Peru Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Alas PeruanasLima 15823Peru EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Peru Observatorio de Aves Loreto(LBO) Distrito de San JuanLoreto 16008Peru Centro Urku de Estudios Amazonicos Tarapoto 22200Peru Servicio Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado 15036Peru Sanidad Animal-Facultad de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Agraria La MolinaLima 15012Peru Laboratorio de Microbiologia Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad CientUfica del SurLima 15067Peru Laboratorio de Analisis Clinico Moraleslab SAC MoralesSan Martin 22201Peru Asociacion Ecosistemas Andinos(ECOAN) Cuzco 08002Peru Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDA 95616USA Global Health Initiative Wabash CollegeCrawfordsvilleIN 47933USA Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional Hermilio ValdizanHuanuco10160Peru Asociacion Peruana de Helmintologia e Invertebrados Afines Lima 15054Peru Laboratorio de Ecologia y Biodiversidad Animal Universidad Nacional Federico VillarrealEl AgustinoLima 15007Peru Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo Palma-Santiago de SurcoLima 15537Peru Department of Biology San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA

Characterizing the diversity and structure of host–parasite communities is crucial to understandingtheir eco-evolutionary dynamics.Malaria and related haemosporidian parasites are responsible forfitness loss and mortality in bird species worldwide.However,despite exhibiting the greatest ornithologicalbiodiversity,avian haemosporidians from Neotropical regions are quite unexplored.Here,we analyze the genetic diversity of bird haemosporidian parasites(Plasmodium andHaemoproteus)in 1,336 individuals belonging to 206 bird species to explore for differences in diversityof parasite lineages and bird species across 5 well-differentiated Peruvian ecoregions.Wedetected 70 different haemosporidian lineages infecting 74 bird species.We showed that 25 out ofthe 70 haplotypes had not been previously recorded.Moreover,we also identified 81 new host–parasite interactions representing new host records for these haemosporidian parasites.Our outcomesrevealed that the effective diversity(as well as the richness,abundance,and Shannon–Weaver index)for both birds and parasite lineages was higher in Amazon basin ecoregions.Furthermore,we also showed that ecoregions with greater diversity of bird species also had highparasite richness,hence suggesting that host community is crucial in explaining parasite richness.Generalist parasites were found in ecoregions with lower bird diversity,implying that the abundanceand richness of hosts may shape the exploitation strategy followed by haemosporidian parasites.These outcomes reveal that Neotropical region is a major reservoir of unidentified haemosporidianlineages.Further studies analyzing host distribution and specificity of these parasites inthe tropics will provide important knowledge about phylogenetic relationships,phylogeography,and patterns of evolution and distribution of haemosporidian parasites.

关键词： Amazonia avian malaria generalist parasite habitat specificity Haemoproteus Plasmodium specialist parasite

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Differential effects of environmental climatic variables on parasite abundances in blue tit nests during a decade

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 511-529页

作者： Francisco CASTAÑO-VÁZQUEZ Santiago MERINO Evolutionary Ecology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSICMadridSpain

Models on climate change have predicted an increase of temperature over the earth’s surface with potential drastic effects on living organisms.We analyzed the relationships between climatic conditions(temperature,rainfall,and wind speed)and the abundance of blood-sucking flying insects(biting midges and blackflies)and nest-dwelling ectoparasites(mites,fleas,and blowflies)collected from blue tit nests during bird breeding seasons for a period of 10 years.Average temperature,rainfall,and wind speed showed significant differences among years.Temperature and wind speed increased during the period of study while rainfall decreased.Biting midge,blackfly,and blowfly abundances increased across years but not flea and mite abundances.Hatching date decreased and brood size increased across years.Independently of year variation,parasites were related to climatic variables.For example,biting midge,blowfly,mite,and flea abundances were positive and significantly related to average temperature.We also found a positive and significant relationship between abundances of Haemoproteus infections and biting midge abundances during the first year of life of birds out of nests.However,abundance and prevalence of Lankesterella infections in yearlings were positive and significantly related to mite abundances during the year of birth of birds.Leucocytozoon and Lankesterella infections were also significantly related to climatic variables and Haemoproteus and Lankesterella infections increased across years.In addition,body condition of adult females and males were negatively related to flea larvae and blowfly abundance respectively.Nestling body condition was also negatively related to biting midge abundance.Changes in climatic conditions across years could therefore affect several parasites of birds but also to birds themselves.

关键词： biting midges blackfly blowfly Haemoproteus Lankesterella rainfall temperature

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Survey on Avian Malaria Parasites in Village Chickens(Gallus gallus domesticus)in Gombe Local Government Area,Gombe State,Nigeria

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Veterinary Science Research 2021年第2期3卷 7-22页

作者： Jallailudeen Rabana Lawal Umar Isa Ibrahim Abdullahi Abubakar Biu Hassan Ismail Musa Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MaiduguriP.M.B.1069MaiduguriBorno StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MaiduguriP.M.B.1069MaiduguriBorno StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MaiduguriP.M.B.1069MaiduguriBorno StateNigeria

Reports of avian malaria parasites in village chicken in Nigeria generally remain fragmentary and scarce.The study was conducted in Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State,Nigeria to investigate avian malaria parasites in Village Chickens(Gallus gallus domesticus)and to determine the risk factors associated with the prevalence of the haemoparasites.A total of 530 village chickens blood samples were obtained from apparently healthy village chickens'brachial veins using sterile 2mls syringes and 23 gauge needles.Thin blood smear was made from each blood sample,and Giemsa stained and examined for the presence of avian haemoparasites under an electro-microscope.The result indicates 23.8%overall prevalence rate of three species of avian malaria parasites consisting of Plasmodium,Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon species.Plasmodium spp.has the highest prevalent rate of 13.0%followed by Haemoproteus spp.(5.1%),mixed Plasmodium spp.+Haemoproteus spp.(4.9%)infection and Leucocytozoon spp.(0.8%).Prevalence of avian malaria parasites was significantly higher in cocks compared to hens(pHaemoproteus and Leucocytozoon species that occur in both single and mixed infections are prevalent among village chickens that are apparently healthy in Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State,Nigeria.

关键词： Avian Malaria Haemoproteus Leucocytozoon Plasmodium Village chickens

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