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Effects of sequential decay on collective flows and nuclear stopping power in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第4期34卷 175-184页

作者： Kui Xiao Peng-Cheng Li Yong-Jia Wang Fu-Hu Liu Qing-Feng Li State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China School of Science Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe Universität FrankfurtFrankfurt am Main 60438Germany Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China

In this study, the rapidity distribution, collective flows, and nuclear stopping power in ^(197)Au+^(197)Au collisions at intermediate energies were investigated using the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics(UrQMD) model with GEMINI++ code. The UrQMD model was adopted to simulate the dynamic evolution of heavy-ion collisions, whereas the GEMINI++ code was used to simulate the decay of primary fragments produced by UrQMD. The calculated results were compared with the INDRA and FOPI experimental data. It was found that the rapidity distribution, collective flows, and nuclear stopping power were affected to a certain extent by the decay of primary fragments, especially at lower beam energies. Furthermore, the experimental data of the collective flows and nuclear stopping power at the investigated beam energies were better reproduced when the sequential decay effect was included.

关键词： heavy-ion collisions Sequential decay effect Collective flow Nuclear stopping power

Recent development of hydrodynamic modeling in heavy-ion collisions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2020年第12期31卷 88-121页

作者： Chun Shen Li Yan Department of Physics and Astronomy Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI 48201USA RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and ion-Beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan University220 Handan RoadShanghai 200433China

We present a concise review of the recent development of relativistic hydrodynamics and its applications to heavy-ion *** progress on the extended formulation of hydrodynamics toward out-ofequilibrium systems is addressed,with emphasis on the socalled attractor ***,recent phenomenological improvements in the hydrodynamic modeling of heavy-ion collisions with respect to the ongoing beam energy scan program,the quantitative characterization of transport coefficients in three-dimensionally expanding quark–gluon plasma,the fluid description of small colliding systems,and certain other interdisciplinary connections are discussed.

关键词： heavy-ion collisions Hydrodynamics QCD

Imaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第12期35卷 438-454页

作者： Jiangyong Jia Giuliano Giacalone Benjamin Bally James Daniel Brandenburg Ulrich Heinz Shengli Huang Dean Lee Yen‑Jie Lee Constantin Loizides Wei Li Matthew Luzum Govert Nijs Jacquelyn Noronha‑Hostler Mateusz Ploskon Wilke van der Schee Bjoern Schenke Chun Shen Vittorio Somà Anthony Timmins Zhangbu Xu You Zhou Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY 11794USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY 11973USA CERN CH‑1211 Geneve 23Switzerland IRFU CEAUniversitéParis-Saclay91191 Gif‑sur‑YvetteFrance The Ohio State University ColumbusOH 43210‑1117USA Michigan State University East LansingMI 48824USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA 02139USA Rice University HoustonTX 77005USA Instituto de Física Universidade de São PauloR.do Matão 1371São Paulo 05508‑090Brazil University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ChampaignIL 61801USA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA 94720USA Wayne State University DetroitMI 48201USA RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA University of Houston HoustonTX 77204USA Physics Department Kent State UniversityKentOH 44242USA Niels Bohr Institute University of CopenhagenBlegdamsvej 172100 CopenhagenDenmark

High-energy nuclear collisions encompass three key stages:the structure of the colliding nuclei,informed by low-energy nuclear physics,the initial condition,leading to the formation of quark-gluon plasma(QGP),and the hydrodynamic expansion and hadronization of the QGP,leading to fnal-state hadron distributions that are observed *** advances in both experimental and theoretical methods have ushered in a precision era of heavy-ion collisions,enabling an increasingly accurate understanding of these ***,most approaches involve simultaneously determining both QGP properties and initial conditions from a single collision system,creating complexity due to the coupled contributions of these stages to the fnal-state *** avoid this,we propose leveraging established knowledge of low-energy nuclear structures and hydrodynamic observables to independently constrain the QGP's initial *** conducting comparative studies of collisions involving isobar-like nuclei—species with similar mass numbers but diferent ground-state geometries—we can disentangle the initial condition's impacts from the QGP *** approach not only refnes our understanding of the initial stages of the collisions but also turns high-energy nuclear experiments into a precision tool for imaging nuclear structures,ofering insights that complement traditional low-energy *** for carrying out such comparative experiments at the Large Hadron Collider and other facilities could signifcantly advance both highenergy and low-energy nuclear ***,this approach has implications for the future electron-ion *** the possibilities are extensive,we focus on selected proposals that could beneft both the high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics *** prepared as input for the long-range plan of *** physics,this white paper refects the status as of September 2022,with a brief update on developments sinc

关键词： Nuclear structure heavy-ion collisions Collective behavior Quark-gluon plasma

Physics perspectives of heavy-ion collisions at very high energy

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2016年第2期59卷 1-27页

作者： Ning-bo Chang ShanShan Cao Bao-yi Chen Shi-yong Chen Zhen-yu Chen Heng-Tong Ding Min He Zhi-quan Liu Long-gang Pang Guang-you Qin Ralf Rapp Bjorn Schenke Chun Shen HuiChao Song Hao-jie Xu Qun Wang Xin-Nian Wang Ben-wei Zhang Han-zhong Zhang XiangRong Zhu Peng-fei Zhuang Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China Nuclear Science Division MS70R0319 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley 94720 USA Physics Department Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Applied Physics Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China Cyclotron Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Department of Physics McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 2T8 Canada Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

heavy-ion collisions at very high colliding energies are expected to produce a quark-gluon plasma(QGP) at the highest temperature obtainable in a laboratory setting. Experimental studies of these reactions can provide an unprecedented range of information on properties of the QGP at high temperatures. We report theoretical investigations of the physics perspectives of heavy-ion collisions at a future high-energy collider. These include initial parton production, collective expansion of the dense medium, jet quenching,heavy-quark transport, dissociation and regeneration of quarkonia, photon and dilepton production. We illustrate the potential of future experimental studies of the initial particle production and formation of QGP at the highest temperature to provide constraints on properties of strongly interaction matter.

关键词： quark-gluon plasma heavy-ion collisions QCD phase transition properties of QGP

Symmetry energy from neutron-rich fragments in heavy-ion collisions,and its dependence on incident energy,and impact parameters

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Chinese Physics C 2013年第2期37卷 19-25页

作者：马春旺宋恒利普洁张同林张莎王闪闪赵新丽陈丽 Department of Physics Henan Normal University Department of Nuclear Physics Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics

The yields of fragments produced in the ^60Ni＋ ^12C reactions at 80 A and 140 A MeV, and with maximum impact parameters of 1.5, 2 and 7.3 fm at 80 A MeV are calculated by the statistical abrasion-ablation model. The yields of fragments are analyzed by the isobaric yield ratio （IYR） method to extract the coefficient of symmetry energy to temperature （asym/T ）. The incident energy is found to influence asym/T very little. It’s found that asym/T of fragments with the same neutron-excess I = N-Z increases when A increases, while asym/T of isobars decreases when A increases. The asym/T of prefragments is rather smaller than that of the final fragments, and the asym/T of fragments in small impact parameters is smaller than that of the larger impact parameters, which both indicate that asym/T decreases when the temperature increases. The choice of the reference IYRs is found to have influence on the extracted a sym /T of fragments, especially on the results of the more neutron-rich fragments. The surface-symmetry energy coefficient （bs/T ） and the volume-symmetry energy coefficient （bv/T） are also extracted, and the bs/bv is found to coincide with the theoretical results.

关键词： symmetry energy isobaric yield ratio neutron-rich nucleus heavy-ion collisions

Medium modifications of girth distributions for inclusive jets and Z0+jets in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the LHC

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第2期45卷 426-432页

作者： Jun Yan Shi-Yong Chen Wei Dai Zhang Ben-Wei En-Ke Wang Key Laboratory of Quark&Lepton Physics(MOE)and Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Mathematics and Physics China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

In this paper,we investigate the medium modifications of girth distributions for inclusive jets and Z^0 tagged jets with a small radius( R=0.2 )in Pb+Pb collisions with √s==2.76 TeV at the *** partonic spectra in the initial hard scattering of elementary collisions are obtained by an event generator POWHEG+PYTHIA,which matches the next-to-leading order(NLO)matrix elements with parton showering,and the energy loss of a fast parton traversing the hot/dense QCD medium is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation within the higher-twist formalism of jet quenching in heavy-ion *** present the model calculations of event normalized girth distributions for inclusive jets in p+p and Pb+Pb collisions at √s=2.76 TeV,which give good descriptions of ALICE *** is shown that the girth distributions of inclusive jets in Pb+Pb are shifted to lower girth regions relative to those in p+***,the nuclear modification factor of girth distributions for inclusive jets is larger than unity at small girth regions and smaller than unity at large girth *** behavior results from softer fragments inside a jet as well as the fraction alteration of gluon/quark initiated jets in heavy-ion *** further predict the girth distributions for Z^0 boson tagged jets in Pb+Pb collisions at √s=2.76 TeV and demonstrate that the medium modification on girth distributions for Z^0 tagged jets is less pronounced compared to that for inclusive jets because the dominant components of Z^0 tagged jets are quark-initiated jets.

关键词： heavy-ion collisions jet quenching quark gluon plasma jet substructure

Efficiency corrections for mutually inclusive variables and particle identification effect for mixed-cumulants in heavy-ion collisions

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第10期45卷 58-68页

作者： Arghya Chatterjee Toshihiro Nonaka ShinIchi Esumi Xiaofeng Luo Key Laboratory of Quark&Lepton Physics(MOE)and Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe University of TsukubaIbaraki 305Japan

Mix-cumulants of conserved charge distributions are sensitive observables for probing properties of the QCD medium and phase transition in heavy-ion *** perform precise measurements,efficiency correction is one of the most important *** this study,using the binomial efficiency model,we derive efficiency correction formulas for mutually exclusive and inclusive *** UrQMD model is applied to verify the validity of these formulas for different types of ***,we investigate the effect of the multiplicity loss and contamination emerging from the particle *** study provides important steps toward future measurements of mixed-cumulants in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

关键词： QCD critical point heavy-ion collisions quark-gluon plasma fluctuations and correlations

The effect of hadronic scatterings on the measurement of vector meson spin alignments in heavy-ion collisions

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第5期45卷 105-112页

作者： Diyu Shen Jinhui Chen Zi-Wei Lin Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejjing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and lon-beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Quarks and L epton Physics(MOE)and Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Department of Physics East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth Carolina 27858USA

Spin alignments of vector mesons and hyperons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been proposed as signals of global *** STAR experiment first observed the ∧ ***,the ALICE collaboration measured the transverse momentum {PT) and the collision centrality dependence of K*,and Φ spin alignments during Pb-Pb collisions at 1/2sNN=2.76 TeV.A large signal is observed in the low pT region of mid-central collisions for K*,while the signal is much smaller for Φ,and these have not been understood *** vector mesons have different lifetimes and their decay products have different scattering cross sections,they suffer from different hadronic *** this paper,we study the effect of hadronic interactions on the spin alignment of K*,Φ,and p mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions with a multi-phase transport *** find that hadronic scatterings lead to a deviation of the observed spin alignment matrix element p00 away from the true value for p and K*mesons(with a bigger effect on p) while the effect is negligible for the Φ *** effect depends on the kinematic acceptance:the observed p00 value is lower than the true value when the pseudorapidity(η) coverage is small,while there is little effect when the η coverage is ***,this study provides valuable information to understand the vector meson spin alignment signals observed during the experiments.

关键词： heavy-ion collisions global polarization vector meson spin alignment acceptance effect hadronic scatterings

A flow paradigm in heavy-ion collisions

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Chinese Physics C 2018年第4期42卷 1-43页

作者： Li Yan Department of Physics Mc Gill University

The success of hydrodynamics in high energy heavy-ion collisions leads to a flow paradigm, to understand the observed features of harmonic flow in terms of the medium collective expansion with respect to initial state geometrical properties. In this review, we present some essential ingredients in the flow paradigm, including the hydrodynamic modeling, the characterization of initial state geometry and the medium response relations. The extension of the flow paradigm to small colliding systems is also discussed.

关键词： heavy-ion collisions hydrodynamics harmonic flow