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碳基多污染物净化工艺SO_(2)、hcl的迁移及转化规律

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钢铁 2024年第5期59卷 172-184页

作者：叶恒棣李俊杰倪桂虎孔镇王兆才高士秋中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司湖南长沙410205 中国科学院过程工程研究所北京100190 中国科学院大学化学与化工学院北京100049 山东钢铁集团永锋临港有限公司山东临沂276000

多污染物烟气碳基法净化工艺中,SO_(2)与hcl的吸附、迁移和转化是对净化装置能否高效、安全、稳定运行的重要影响因素。以碳基法烟气净化工艺为研究对象,通过BET、XRD、FTIR和XPS等表征方法,研究了SO_(2)和hcl在活性炭表面的竞争吸附规... 详细信息

多污染物烟气碳基法净化工艺中,SO_(2)与hcl的吸附、迁移和转化是对净化装置能否高效、安全、稳定运行的重要影响因素。以碳基法烟气净化工艺为研究对象,通过BET、XRD、FTIR和XPS等表征方法,研究了SO_(2)和hcl在活性炭表面的竞争吸附规律,分析了不同吸附工艺中SO_(2)、hcl的迁移与转化行为,核算了SO_(2)在全流程中的物质流。研究结果表明,SO_(2)和hcl在活性炭上的竞争吸附导致hcl在逆流活性炭工艺系统中存在富集现象,有可能影响脱硫脱硝装置的稳定运行。在碳基法侧向分层错流净化工艺中,活性炭料层分为前、中、后室,前室活性炭主要吸附SO_(2)并快速移出塔体,带走吸附热量;中室活性炭下料速度较慢,用于吸附低浓度SO_(2)和hcl;后室活性炭下料速度最慢,主要吸附hcl并直接排出塔体,不与高硫烟气再接触而发生氯化氢挤出效应,消除了SO_(2)吸附热积聚及hcl富集现象。在碳基法侧向分层错流净化实际工程中检测烟气出口SO_(2)和hcl质量浓度(标准态)分别为4.4、2.4 mg/m^(3),脱SO_(2)和脱hcl效率分别达到了99.3%和95.4%,实现了系统的高效稳定运行;同时该系统中SO_(2)和hcl在“吸附-解吸-制酸”全流程工序中物质流保持平衡,并通过后续制酸和酸性废水提盐实现了硫元素和氯元素的资源化利用。

关键词：活性炭 SO_(2) hcl 竞争吸附迁移及转化烟气

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SO对hcl在Ca（OH）表面脱除的影响

环境工程 2024年

作者：梁宝瑞马梦莹苏伟李伟侯长江汪群慧北京科技大学天津学院北京科技大学能源与环境学院山东省博山区生态环境技术服务中心河钢集团有限公司

使用氢氧化钙(Ca（OH）2)作为固体反应物去除工业烟气流中的氯化氢（hcl）是一种简单而有效的工艺解决方案。实际应用中有很多种情景，需要将hcl预先脱除后再进行后续污染物治理。然而，烟气中的二氧化硫(SO2)与hcl在碱性吸收剂上有本... 详细信息

使用氢氧化钙(Ca（OH）2)作为固体反应物去除工业烟气流中的氯化氢（hcl）是一种简单而有效的工艺解决方案。实际应用中有很多种情景，需要将hcl预先脱除后再进行后续污染物治理。然而，烟气中的二氧化硫(SO2)与hcl在碱性吸收剂上有本能的、强烈的竞争，造成了不利影响，使去除机制混乱，以往的研究尚未达成令人信服的共识。为了解决这一问题，本文在固定床反应器上设计了一系列实验来评估SO2对吸收剂脱除hcl性能的影响。结合表征结果与热力学特征进一步研究了SO2对hcl的竞争机理。结果表明，在Ca（OH）2吸收剂表面hcl对活性位点竞争的优先性优于SO2，从而hcl能够进入吸收剂内部继续反应。但在竞争过程中部分SO2仍然能通过消耗Ca（OH）2吸收剂表面的活性位点，形成产物层而降低表面活性，从而对hcl的脱除产生不利影响。这些发现有助于阐明烧结烟气中钙基吸收剂上SO2与hcl的竞争机制。

关键词： hcl SO Ca(OH) 固定床实验脱除特性

Gas cyclone-liquid jet absorption separator used for treatment of tail gas containing hcl in titanium dioxide industry

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第4期35卷 435-446页

作者： Liwang Wang Hualin Wang Liang Ma Zhanghuang Yang Erwen Chen School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

In the titanium dioxide industry,there is a lack of a low-cost and high-efficiency treatment method for chloride containing tail gas.In this paper,the removal of hcl from the titanium dioxide industry by gas cyclone-liquid jet separator was studied,while Ca(OH)_(2),Na_(2)CO_(3),NaOH solution,and water were used as absorbents.This paper investigated the influence of gas cyclone-liquid jet separator’s various process parameters on the removal rate of hydrogen chloride gas.The mechanism of mass transfer in the process of removing hydrogen chloride was discussed,and the effect and feasibility of hcl gas removal in the gas cyclone-liquid jet absorption separator were studied.The results showd that the removal efficiency of hydrogen chloride maintained above 95%,up to 99.9%,and the total mass transfer coefficient reached0.28 mol·m^(-3)·s^(-1)·k Pa^(-1).Under the same conditions,the absorption effect and total mass transfer coefficient of weak basic absorption liquid can be greatly improved by increasing the flow rate of absorption liquid,but the absorption effect and total mass transfer coefficient of strong alkaline absorption liquid can’t be improved obviously.The larger the inlet gas volume,the higher the gas concentration,the lower the absorption efficiency and the lower the total volumetric mass transfer coefficient.

关键词： Wet dechlorination hcl Tail gas Gas cyclone-liquid jet absorption Separator Titanium dioxide industry

Base-or acid-assisted polystyrene plastic degradation in supercritical CO_(2)

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第2期5卷 165-175页

作者： Yanbing Liu Jinwen Shi Liuhao Mao Bingru Lu Xing Kang Hui Jin International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi’an710049ShaanxiChina

Plastic has caused serious"white pollution"to the environment,and the highly inert characteristics of plastic bring a major challenge for degradation.Supercritical fluids have unique physical properties and have been widely used in various fields.In this work,supercritical CO_(2)(Sc-CO_(2))with mild conditions was selected and assisted by NaOH/hcl solution to degrade polystyrene(PS)plastic,and the reaction model was designed using response surface methodology(RSM).It was found that,regardless of the types of assistance solutions,the factors affecting PS degradation efficiencies were reaction temperature,reaction time,and NaOH/hcl concentration.At the temperature of 400℃,time of 120 min,and base/acid concentration of 5%(in weight),0.15 g PS produced 126.88/116.99±5 mL of gases with 74.18/62.78±5 mL of H2,and consumed 81.2/71.5±5 mL of CO_(2).Sc-CO_(2)created a homogeneous environment,which made PS highly dispersed and uniformly heated,thus promoting the degradation of PS.Moreover,Sc-CO_(2)also reacted with the degradation products to produce new CO and more CH_(4)and C_(2)H_(x)(x=4,6).Adding NaOH/hcl solution not only improved the solubility of PS in Sc-CO_(2),but also provided a base/acid environment that reduced the activation energy of the reaction,and effectively improved the degradation efficiencies of PS.In short,degrading PS in Sc-CO_(2)is feasible,and better results are obtained with the assistance of base/acid solution,which can provide a reference for the disposal of waste plastics in the future.

关键词： Plastic degradation Polystyrene Supercritical CO_(2) NaOH hcl

hcl-Induced Hg^(0)Transformation over CuMn_(2)O_(4)Sorbent

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Energy Engineering 2022年第2期119卷 499-510页

作者： Aijia Zhang Yingju Yang Jing Liu Junyan Ding State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

CuMn_(2)O_(4)spinel has been regarded as a highly efficient sorbent for Hg^(0)capture from flue gas.The regenerability and recyclability of CuMn_(2)O_(4)sorbent are mainly associated with the mercury speciation adsorbed on its surface.However,the effect mechanism of hcl on Hg^(0)transformation over CuMn_(2)O_(4)sorbent is still elusive.Experiments were conducted to understand the effect of hcl on Hg^(0)transformation over CuMn_(2)O_(4)sorbent.The results indicate thatCuMn_(2)O_(4)sorbent is a mesoporousmaterial and possesses a good thermal stability.CuMn_(2)O_(4)shows>95%Hg^(0)removal efficiency in a wide temperature window of 50-350℃.The favorable electron-transfer environment caused by the mixed valence states of Cu and Mn cations is responsible for the excellent Hg^(0)removal performance of CuMn_(2)O_(4)sorbent.CuMn_(2)O_(4)shows a higherHg^(0)adsorption capacity of 4774.57μg/g.Hg^(0)adsorption process over CuMn_(2)O_(4)sorbent can bewell described by the developed kinetic model.Hg^(0)removal efficiency of CuMn_(2)O_(4)sorbent does not depend on the presence of hcl.Mercury species adsorbed on the CuMn_(2)O_(4)sorbent in the presence of hcl mainly exist in the forms of Hg^(O)and HgCl_(2)O_(8)·H_(2)O.hcl shows a significant effect on mercury speciation over CuMn_(2)O_(4)sorbent.Most of Hg^(O)species will be transformed into HgCl_(2)O_(8)·H_(2)O in the presence of hcl.

关键词： CuMn_(2)O_(4) mercury hcl sorbent electron transfer

hcl Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in the Stratosphere and a Comparison with Ozone QBO

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2005年第5期22卷 751-758页

作者：陈月娟施春华郑彬 School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology China Meteorological Administration

HALOE data from 1992 to 2003 are used to analyze the interannual variation of the hcl volume mixing ratio and its quasi-biennial oscillation （QBO） in the stratosphere, and the results are compared with the ozone QBO. Then, the NCAR two-dimensional interactive chemical, dynamical and radiative model is used to study the effects of the wind QBO on the distribution and variation of hcl in the stratosphere. The results show that the QBO signals in the hcl mixing ratio are mainly at altitudes from 50 hPa to 5 hPa; the larger amplitudes are located between 30 hPa and 10 hPa; a higher hcl mixing ratio usually corresponds to the westerly phase of the wind QBO and a lower hcl mixing ratio usually corresponds to the easterly phase of the wind QBO in a level near 20 hPa and below. In the layer near 10 hPa-5 hPa, the phase of the hcl QBO reverses earlier than the phase of the wind QBO; the QBO signals for hcl in the extratropics are also clear, but with reversed phase compared with those over the Tropics. The hcl QBO signals at 30°N are clearer than those at 30°S; the QBOs for hcl and ozone have a similar phase at the 50 hPa-20 hPa level while they are out of phase near 10 hPa; the simulated structures of the hcl QBO agree well with observations. The mechanism for the formation of the hcl QBO and the reason for differences in the vertical structure of the hcl and ozone QBO are attributed to the transport of hcl and ozone by the wind QBO-induced meridional circulation.

关键词： hcl quasi-biennial oscillation stratosphere

Synthesis of water-soluble acryl terpolymers and their anticorrosion properties on mild steel in 1 mol·L^(-1) hcl

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中国化学工程学报：英文版 2016年第4期24卷 543-552页

作者： R.Geethanjali S.Subhashini Department of Chemistry Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women

Two water soluble acryl terpolymers containing polyvinyl alcohol, acrylamide/acrylic acid and vinyl sulphonic acid(VSA) were synthesized by free radical polymerization in aqueous medium. The morphological structure of the polymers were analysed using FTIR and1 H NMR, while the thermal properties were analysed by TGA and DSC. The inhibitive action of the terpolymers on corrosion of mid-steel in 1 mol·L-1hcl was studied using gravimetric, potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) at 303 K.Both the polymers provided inhibition efficiency around 90% which clearly demonstrate that the grafted polymers have effective corrosion inhibiting ability on MS corrosion.

关键词：丙烯酸共聚物聚合合成水溶性 mol 防腐性能 hcl 碳钢电化学阻抗谱

Removal and utilization of calcite existed in scheelite by preparation of calcium sulfate whiskers

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第6期27卷 1005-1010页

作者： Guan Qingjun Sun Wei Hu Yuehua Guan Changping Yin Zhigang Zhang Chenhu School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China

In order to eliminate the effect of calcite associated with scheelite on the scheelite flotation, hydrochloric acid was used to dissolve the calcite, and the soaking solution was used to prepare CaSO_4 whiskers by hydrothermal reaction with sulfuric acid at ambient pressure. First, the condition experiments of preparing CaSO_4 whiskers by using CaCl_2 and H_2SO_4 were carried out to optimize reaction parameters of the crystallization process. The optimal conditions were: at 102 ℃ reaction temperature, 0,5 mol/L reactant concentration and 60 min reaction time. Then based on the condition experiments and considering keeping acid concentration stable for achieving hcl recycling, Calcium sulfate whiskers with the average diameter of 1.41 μm and the average aspect ratio of 109 were prepared by the soaking solution after evaporating to half of its volume and 1.0 mol/L H_2SO_4 at 102 ℃ for 60 min: After ion exchange processing,the filtrate could be used as hcl in the process of hcl dissolution.

关键词： Calcium sulfate whiskers Scheelite Calcite hcl Hydrothermal reaction

hcl Dry Removal with Modified Ca-Based Sorbents at Moderate to High Temperatures

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第3期12卷 283-288,203页

作者： DezhenChen XiongpingWang TongZhu HeshengZhang ThermalandEnvironmentalEngineeringInstitute TongjiUniversityShan~Jaai200092China ShanghaiTunnelEngineering&RailTransitDesignandResearchInstitute Shanghai200070China

Modified Ca-based sorbents were obtained by adding sodium alkali into Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3. Reactive properties of modified Ca-based sorbents with acidic gases were investigated through reacting with gaseous HC1 at 450--760℃, and SEM and XRD technologies were adopted to get information on the reaction mechanism. Experimental data showed that HC1 dry removal efficiencies increased with temperature before 700℃ for all of the investigated sorbents, and there existed improved sorbents that corresponded to the highest removal efficiencies under the similar conditions. SEM photographs exhibited morphology difference between original and improved sorbents both before and after the reaction; and displayed that improved sorbents formed more porous product layers than original sorbents especially at higher temperature when product sintering became heavier, which is favorable to HC1 dry removal. XRD analysis showed that (1) improved Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 were less crystalline than original lime and limestone; (2) the reaction product species of improved Ca(OH)2 changed with reaction temperature,while for original Ca(OH)2 the same product species appeared for all of the teated temperatures; and (3) for improved CaCO3, the only product at lower temperatures was CaCl2.2H20 and more product species were produced when temperature was higher than 650℃,but no CaCl2.Ca(OH)2.H2O formed at 700℃, while for the case of original CaCO3, the undesired CaCl2.Ca(OH)2.H2O appeared at 700℃. Presently, reaction temperature interval of 650--700℃ is recommended for improved Ca(OH)2 to get the highest efficiency, for improved CaCO3 reaction at higher temperature deserves further investigation to make a good choice.

关键词： hcl 氯化氢干燥消除钙基吸附剂高温 Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 氢氧化钙碳酸钙废气处理