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gut passage of epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi by two opportunistic mycophagous rodents

Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 293-299页

作者： Citlalli CASTILLO-GUEVARAl Josette SIERRA Gema GALINDO-FLORES Mariana CUAUTLE Carlos LARA Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala Km 10.5 Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martin Texmelucan San Felipe Ixtacuixtla Tlaxcala 90120 Mexico Departamento de Quimica y Biologfa Universidad de las Americas-Puebla Ex-hacienda Sta Catarina Martir s/n Cholula Puebla 72810 Mexico Centro Tlaxcala de Biologia de la Conducta Universidad Autdnoma de Tlaxcala-UNAM Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla Km 1.5 s/n Tlaxcala Tlaxcala 90070 Mexico

Mycophagists can influence fungal diversity within their home ranges by ensuring the continued and effective dispersal of spores from one site to another. However, the passage of spores through the digestive tract of vertebrates can affect the activity and viability of the spores ingested. This phenomenon has been rarely documented in opportunistic mycophagists consuming epigeous fungi. Using laboratory experiments, we investigated the activity and viability of spores of two epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal species （Laccaria trichodermophora and SuiUus tomentosus） after passage through the digestive tract of two opportunistic mycophagous small rodents, the volcano mouse Peromyscus alstoni and the deer mouse P maniculatus. We found that passage through the gut of either species of rodent had a significant effect on spore activity and viability for both fungal species. The proportion of active spores （0.37-0.40） of L. trichodermophora in the feces of both species of rodents was less than that recorded for the control （0.82）. However, the proportion of active spores （0.644）.73） of S. tomentosus in the feces of each species of rodent was higher than in the control （0.40）. On the other hand, the viability of spores was lower （0.26-0.30 in L. trichodermophora and 0.604）.69 in S. tomentosus） for both fungi when consumed by either rodent relative to the controls （0.90 in L. trichodermophora and 0.82 in S. tomentosus）. These findings suggest that these rodent species may be effective dispersers of both epigeous fungi [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 293-299, 2011].

关键词： gut passage Epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi Mexico Spore activity and viability Peromyscus

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Does a giant tortoise taxon substitute enhance seed germination of exotic fleshy-fruited plants?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 57-63页

作者： Annika Waibel Christine J.Griffiths Nicolas Zuel Bernhard Schmid Matthias Albrecht Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Grannum RoadVacoasMauritius School of Biological Sciences University of BristolWoodland RoadBristol BS81UGUK Present address:Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies Department of Biodiversity and Conservation (‘Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas-Universitat de les Illes Balears’)Miquel Marques 2107190 EsporlesMallorcaBalearic IslandsSpain

Aims The use of exotic species as taxon substitutes to restore lost ecological interactions is currently hotly *** gigantea giant tortoises have recently been introduced to three islands in the Mascarene archipelago(Ile aux Aigrettes,Round Island and Rodrigues)to resurrect herbivory and seed dispersal functions once performed by extinct giant ***,potential unintended impacts by frugivore substitutes on native ecosystems,*** they will facilitate the germination of exotic plant species,are largely *** investigated whether *** introduced to Rodrigues in 2006 could enhance the germination percentage of four widespread fleshy-fruited exotic species on the *** germination trials to forecast unintended impacts that could arise from the introduction of a frugivorous taxon substitute enables conservation managers to limit potential adverse negative interactions before they *** In germination trials that ran over 4 months,we investigated the effects of ingestion(gut passage and deposition in faeces)by subadult and adult *** on the germination percentage of four exotic fleshy-fruited plant species introduced to *** fed fruits of these plant species to sub-adult and adult *** to test how variation in age and size of the frugivore would affect seed *** of distinctly coloured plastic pellets together with the fruits allowed us to test for individual tortoise effects on seed *** Findings Ingestion by *** increased the percentage of seeds germinating of Mimusops coriacea and Lantana camara,but not percentage of germination of Veitchia merrillii or Wikstroemia *** were more likely to germinate following ingestion by sub-adult rather than adult tortoises,which may be a consequence of the shorter gut passage time observed for *** results demonstrate that introduced frugivorous taxon substitutes could facilitate germination of exot

关键词： ecological analogues exotic species invasion gut passage plant–frugivore interactions seed germination

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Physiological dormancy broken by endozoochory:Austral parakeets(Enicognathus ferrugineus)as legitimate dispersers of calafate(Berberis microphylla)in the Patagonian Andes

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第5期13卷 538-544页

作者： Carolina Bravo Daniel Chamorro Fernando Hiraldo Karina Speziale Sergio A.Lambertucci JoséL.Tella Guillermo Blanco Department of Evolutionary Ecology Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICJoséGutiérrez Abascal 228006 MadridSpain Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372CNRS and La Rochelle UniversitéF-79360 Beauvoir-sur-NiortFrance Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaAv.Carlos III s/n45071 ToledoSpain Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de DoñanaCSICAmérico Vespucio 2641092 SevillaSpain Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación Departamento de EcologíaINIBIOMA(CONICET-National University of Comahue)Pasaje Gutiérrez 11258400 BarilocheArgentina

Aims Seed dispersal by endozoochory is an important process in plant regeneration and the establishment of new *** with dormancy may especially benefit after disperser gut ***,the ways in which gut passage affect the germination of plant species with physiological dormancy remain ***,we experimentally assessed the mutualistic interaction between the Austral parakeet(Enicognathus ferrugineus)as a disperser of calafate(Berberis microphylla),a thorny bush inhabiting the understory of the Austral temperate forests of South America with seeds that are characterized by deep physiological *** Germination success and viability of calafate seeds obtained from faeces and from intact fruits were tested under four treatments:(i)digested seeds,(ii)digested seeds with faecal extract,(iii)intact seeds from fruit and(iv)intact seeds from fruit with *** Findings About 65%of the Austral parakeet droppings contained calafate *** of seeds did not differ between ***,germination was significantly higher in digested seeds than in intact seeds from fruits,while no difference was found between faecal and pulp *** faecal matter nor fruit pulp provided seeds with any ecological advantages derived from enhancing germinability,but did confer some disadvantage in germination *** matter is expected to be completely lacking around seeds after several months under snow before germinating in the following spring,given intense washing due to persistent rain and the spring thaw in the Patagonian *** higher germinability along with faster germination of digested seeds supports the hypothesis of a legitimate mutualistic interaction between Austral parakeets and *** hypothesized that the passage through the disperser digestive tract might break physiological dormancy as differences in germinability between ingested and non-ingested *** results highlight the relevant role of endoz

关键词： seed dispersal Austral forest mutualism gut passage viability germination success germinability

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