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Electronic and steric factors for enhanced selective synthesis of 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol in the Ir‐complex‐catalyzed guerbet reaction of 1‐butanol

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2021年第9期42卷 1586-1592页

作者： Zhanwei Xu Peifang Yan Changhui Liang Songyan Jia Xiumei Liu ZConrad Zhang State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142LiaoningChina

1‐Butanol is a potential bio‐based fermentation product obtained from cellulosic *** a value‐added chemical,2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol(2‐EH)can be produced by guerbet conversion from 1‐*** work reports the enhanced catalytic guerbet reaction of 1‐butanol to 2‐EH by a series of Cp^(*)Ir complexes(Cp^(*):1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopenta‐1,3‐diene)coordinated to bipyridine‐type ligands bearing an ortho‐hydroxypyridine group with an electron‐donating group and a Cl−*** catalytic activity of the Cp^(*)Ir complex increased by increasing the electron density of the bipyridine ligand when functionalized with the para‐NMe2 and ortho‐hydroxypyridine groups.A record turnover number of 14047 was attained.A mechanistic study indicated that the steric effect of the ethyl group on theα‐C of 2‐ethylhexanal(2‐EHA)and the conjugation effect of C=C–C=O in 2‐ethylhex‐2‐enal(2‐EEA)benefits the high selectivity of 2‐EH from 1‐butanol by inhibiting the cross‐aldol reaction of 2‐EHA and 2‐EEA with *** magnetic resonance study revealed the formation of a carbonyl group in the bipyridine‐type ligand via the reaction of the Cp^(*)Ir complex with KOH.

关键词： 2‐Ethyl‐1‐hexanol guerbet reaction 1‐Butanol Iridium Hydrogenation

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Sodium modification of zirconia catalysts for ethanol coupling to 1-butanol

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2013年第1期22卷 58-64页

作者： Joseph T. Kozlowski Robert J. Davis Department of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia

The influences of adding sodium to zirconia on the acid-base properties of the surface and on the catalytic conversion of ethanol and acetone were investigated. The rates of ethanol dehydration, dehydrogenation and coupling were evaluated in a fixed-bed flow reactor operating at temperatures from 613 to 673 K. The rate of acetone condensation was evaluated in the same reactor operating at 473-573 K. Addition of 1.0 wt% Na to ZrO2 decreased the rate of ethanol dehydration by more than an order of magnitude, which was consistent with a neutralization of acid sites evaluated by ammonia adsorption microcalorimetry. Addition of 1.0 wt% Na to ZrO2 also increased the base site density quantified by carbon dioxide adsorption microcalorimetry and the rate of acetone condensation. Although the rate of ethanol coupling was not increased by the addition of Na, the overall selectivity of ethanol to butanol was improved over the 1.0 wt% Na/ZrO2 sample because of the significant inhibition of ethanol dehydration.

关键词： guerbet reaction alcohol condensation zirconia microcalorimetry acetone condensation

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Towards a green bulk-scale biobutanol from bioethanol upgrading

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第6期25卷 907-910页

作者： Qi Zhang Jing Dong Yongmei Liu Yangdong Wang Yong Cao Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University SINOPEC Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology

Biobutanol is attracting increasingly interest as a source of renewable energy and biofuels because of its many advantages over bioethanol that include higher energy density, fuel efficiency, and reduced engine damages. Currently, there is a growing interest in producing biobutanol from bioethanol, in view of the tremendous potential benefits of this transformation for the bulk production of biobutanol in a target specific manner. This perspective paper describes recent progress for the ethanol to butanol process. The different catalysts, including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems, for ethanol to butanol are outlined and compared, and the key issues and requirements for future developments are highlighted. A major challenge for further development and application of ethanol to butanol process is to find an optimal balance between different catalytic functions and to suppress the formation of side products that has plagued most catalytic bioethanol upgrading systems. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B. V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalysis Ethanol 1-Butanol guerbet reaction

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