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Effects of deficit irrigation on daily and seasonal variations of trunk sap flow and its growth in Calligonum arborescens

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第2期5卷 233-243页

作者： LiShan SHAN Yi LI RuiFeng ZHAO XiMing ZHANG Forestry Department Gansu Agricultural University College of Geography and Environment Science Northwest Normal University Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

Water deficit in arid and semiarid regions affects whole-plant sap flow and leaf-level water relations. The objectives of this study were to clarify how sap flow of Calligonum arborescens responds to different drought stress conditions and to understand its acclimation mechanism to drought environments. A field experiment was conducted for C. arborescens during the growing season to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation on the daily and seasonal variations of trunk sap flow in the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway, Xinjiang, China. Three dif- ferent water regimes （2,380, 1,960 and 1,225 m3/hm2） were applied at different stages of plant growth. From 1 May to 30 October 2007, a heat-balance stem flow gauge was used to monitor the sap flow dynamics of C. arborescens under different water regimes. Atmospheric evaporation demand and soil moisture conditions for differentially irri- gated C. arborescens were also monitored. The result showed that sap flow exhibited a clear diurnal pattern re- gardless of treatments; the diurnal patterns of sap flow and vapour pressure deficit were very similar under different water regimes and growing seasons, while the slope of the linear regression of this correlation confirmed an in- creasing water regime. The sap flow decreased under reduced water regimes and there was nocturnal sap flow regardless of water regimes, which was mainly contributed to nocturnal transpiration and water recharge. The sap flow peaked before midnight and dropped afterwards with obviously higher values in summer than in other seasons. It is speculated that the water consumption of C. arborescens during the day can be supplemented through the sap flow at night, which increased with increasing irrigation amount. Net radiation was the most significant correlated factor that influenced sap flow velocity and transpiration under different water regimes （R2〉0.719）. Compared with the commonly practiced water regime, the growth of C. arborescens was signi

关键词： Calligonum arborescens sap flow environmental factor growth parameter Tarim Desert Highway

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Cluster planting impact on cotton growth, yield and biomass accumulation in an arid region oasis

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2018年第3期10卷 271-278页

作者： Ting Ting Xie Pei Xi Su Wen Zhi Zhao Li Shan Shan College of Forestry Gansu Agricultural University Linze Inland River Basin Research Station/Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Linze Inland River Basin Research Station/Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences

The cluster planting pattern （3 plants per hole） for cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） may increase economic yield over those of the traditional planting pattern （1 plant per hole） in arid regions of China. This increase in yield depends on either increased biomass production or greater partitioning to fruit. This study was conducted to determine whether differences in biomass accumulation or partitioning to reproductive growth contributed to higher yield in the cluster planting pattern compared with the traditional one. growth parameters, biomass accumulation, crop growth rate and partitioning between cluster planting pattern and traditional planting pattern was compared in northwest of China. The biomass production and partitioning in cluster planting plot was higher than in traditional planting one. Biomass accumulation was faster early in the clustered treatment, and it was also higher at harvest time. Total dry matter production per unit area was significantly higher than in the traditional planting. On a per plant basis, dry matter accumulation was faster and total biomass production was significantly higher in the cluster planting pattern. Numbers of sympodia and boll sizes were also larger, indicating that facilitation among plants was promoting crop yield. The increase in yield in the cluster planting treatment occurred through increased partitioning of dry matter to fruits than in the traditional planting pattern, resulting in more bolls and increased lint yield in arid regions.

关键词： cluster planting growth parameter biomass crop growth rate distribution ratio

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Behavioral migration diversity of the Yangtze River Japanese Eel,Anguilla japonica,based on otolith Sr/Ca ratios

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Zoological Research 2011年第4期32卷 442-450页

作者：郭弘艺郑怡唐文乔沈皓魏凯谢正丽 Katsumi Tsukamoto 上海海洋大学鱼类研究室上海201306 复旦大学现代物理研究所上海200433 东京大学海洋大气研究所

The Yangtze River estuary is the main production area of Anguilla japonica in China,as well as the only existing fishery area for adult *** eels are distributed in the main rivers and many tributaries from the Yangtze River estuary to the upper Jinsha River,which extend to nearly 3 000 ***,their migration behaviors remain relatively *** analyzed the biological characteristics of 153 specimens of silver eels collected from the Jingjiang section of Yangtze River（31o30＇N,120o42＇E） between September and November,2008,and tested the sagittal Sr/Ca ratios of 27 *** the 153 specimens examined,85 were female and 68 were male,which translated to a female-male ratio of 1：*** ages of the female specimens ranged from 3 to 7 a（average 5.52） with an average total length（TL） of（669±80） mm,average body weight（BW） of（555±229）g,average condition factor of 1.77±0.22,and average gonad somatic index（GSI） of 1.32±*** ages of the males ranged from 3 to 5 a（average：4.38） with an average TL of（518±51） mm,average BW of（234±76） g,average condition factor of 1.62±0.18,and average GSI of 0.21±*** biological parameters of females were significantly larger than those of the male specimens（P0.05）.According to the average Sr/Ca ratio（7.99±1.05） ×10-3 of the elver mark of sagitta,17 individuals（62.96%） were river eels and 10 individuals（37.04%） were estuarine *** 16 females,13 individuals（81.25%） were river eels and 3 were estuarine eels,while of 11 males,36.36% were river eels and 63.64% were estuarine *** analysis on Sr/Ca ratios for every growth layer group（GLG） indicated there were no significant differences between second-age males and ***,significant differences were observed between the third-age,fourth-age,and migration-age male and female *** was likely related to the fact that second-age eels of both sexes stay in the same inhabitation waters;however,as they grow older,they move to different areas.

关键词： Sagitta Age composition growth parameter Anguilla japonica Silver eel Yangtze River estuary

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Effects of Pawpaw Seed Powder as an Additive on growth of Catfish Fingerlings Reared in an Indoor Tanks

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2016年第4期23卷 55-60页

作者： Arnold Ebuka Irabor Peterson Adogbeji Ekokotu Oster Francis Nwaehi Department Of Fisheries Delta State University Asaba Campus Asaba

Since the demand of African Catfish （Clarias gariepinus） is on increase there is need to increase its production so as to meet the protein requirement of the populace. An investigation was conducted for six weeks feeding trial to determine the performance of African catfish （Clarias gariepinus） fingerlings feed diets containing varying replacement level of fish meal with pawpaw seed powder meal （Carica papaya）. Fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus were subjected to five different dietary treatments with varying levels of pawpaw seed powder meal. The diets I-V contained 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% replacement levels, respectively. The experiment was carded out in an 80 litres circular plastic bowls, the treatments were in triplicate. Each bowl contained 12 fingerlings. Feeding was done at 3% body weight per day and fishes were weighed every week. growth parameters such as specific growth rate （SGR）, weight gained （WG）, food conversion ratio （FCR）, protein efficiency ratio （PER） and mortality were determined. Therefore, it could be concluded that fish meal could be replaced up to 80% with pawpaw seed powder meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings to encourage growth, while at 40% pawpaw seed powder meal inclusion mortality was reduced.

关键词： Carica papaya Clarias gariepinus mortality growth parameter fingerling

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