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growth arrest signaling of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in cancer

Frontiers in Biology 2014年第2期9卷 95-103页

作者： Jong-In PARK Department of Biochemistry Medical College of Wisconsin 8701 Watertown Plank Road Milwaukee WI 53226 USA

The Raf/MEK/extraceUular signal-regulated kinase （ERK） pathway has a pivotal role in facilitating cell proliferation, and its deregulated activation is a central signature of many epithelial cancers. However paradoxically, sustained activity of Raf/MEK/ERK can also result in growth arrest in many different cell types. This anti-proliferative Raf/MEK/ERK signaling also has physiological significance, as exemplified by its potential as a tumor suppressive mechanism. Therefore, significant questions include in which cell types and by what mechanisms this pathway can mediate such an opposing context of signaling. Particularly, our understating of the role of ERK1 and ERK2, the focal points of pathway signaling, in growth arrest signaling is still limited. This review discusses these aspects of Raf/MEK/ ERK-mediated growth arrest signaling.

关键词： Raf MEK1/2 ERK1/2 proliferation growth arrest non-kinase effect

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Simple bone cysts of the proximal humerus presented with limb length discrepancy:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第6期12卷 1130-1137页

作者： Cing Syue Lin Shang Ming Lin Syang-Peng Rwei Chin-Wen Chen Tsung-Yu Lan Department of Orthopedic Surgery Far Eastern Memorial HospitalNew Taipei City 220Taiwan Department of Materials and Textiles Asia Eastern University of Science and TechnologyNew Taipei City 220Taiwan Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of TechnologyTaipei City 10608Taiwan

BACKGROUND Simple bone cysts(SBC)are benign tumor-like bone lesions typically identified in *** SBC may lead to growth disturbances or growth arrest,such cases are *** mechanisms behind these observations remain ***,research on the etiology of SBC remains inconclusive,and there has been no consensus on the appropriate timing and methodology for *** SUMMARY Here,we present our experience in the successful surgical management of a 10-year-old girl with SBC,who presented with a pathological fracture complicated by malunion of the displaced fracture,varus deformity,and limb length *** hypothesized two possible etiologies for the patient’s growth arrest and subsequent humerus varus deformity:(1)Direct disruption of the physis by fluid from the cyst itself;and(2)damage to the epiphysis due to repetitive pathological fractures associated with *** addressing this case,surgical intervention was undertaken to correct the proximal humerus varus *** approach offered the advantages of simultaneously correcting angular abnormalities,achieving mild limb lengthening,providing definitive SBC treatment,and reducing the overall treatment *** As per current literature,acute correction of acute angular deformity in proximal humeral SBC is not well ***,in this specific case,acute correction was considered an optimal solution.

关键词： Bone cyst Solitary cysts Benign Humerus growth arrest Limb length discrepancy Case report

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