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A Modified Comprehensive Evaluation System of groundwater pollution Based on Fuzzy Set Theory

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2021年第1期12卷 75-78,86页

作者： Jianfang FU Tao MIAO Keqin WU Zhongjun Ecological Environment(Shanghai)Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200070China

A modified comprehensive evaluation system of groundwater pollution based on Fuzzy set theory is *** this evaluation system,a five-degree membership function and a comprehensive weight function are built by combining Delphi method with double weight *** studying a typical engineering project,the features and advantages of the modified evaluation system are analyzed by comparing to the popular simple comparison *** indicates that the weighted average model is applicable in the situation that the content of every evaluation factor is even and the evaluation aim is to externalize the contribution of every evaluation factor in groundwater environmental quality.

关键词： Fuzzy set theory groundwater pollution Evaluation model

pollution source identification methods and remediation technologies of groundwater: A review

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 125-137页

作者： Ya-ci Liu Yu-hong Fei Ya-song Li Xi-lin Bao Peng-wei Zhang Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesXiamen 361000China Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Conservation and Restoration in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River Basin MNRZhengzhou 450016China

groundwater is an important source of drinking *** pollution severely endangers drinking water safety and sustainable social *** the case of groundwater pollution,the top priority is to identify pollution sources,and accurate information on pollution sources is the premise of efficient ***,an appropriate pollution remediation scheme should be developed according to information on pollution sources,site conditions,and economic *** methods for identifying pollution sources mainly include geophysical exploration,geochemistry,isotopic tracing,and numerical *** these identification methods,only the numerical modeling can recognize various information on pollution sources,while other methods can only identify a certain aspect of pollution *** remediation technologies of groundwater can be divided into in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies according to the remediation *** in-situ remediation technologies enjoy low costs and a wide remediation range,but their remediation performance is prone to be affected by environmental conditions and cause secondary *** ex-situ remediation technologies boast high remediation efficiency,high processing capacity,and high treatment concentration but suffer high *** methods for pollution source identification and remediation technologies are applicable to different *** achieve the expected identification and remediation results,it is feasible to combine several methods and technologies according to the actual hydrogeological conditions of contaminated sites and the nature of ***,detailed knowledge about the hydrogeological conditions and stratigraphic structure of the contaminated site is the basis of all work regardless of the adopted identification methods or remediation technologies.

关键词： groundwater pollution Identification of pollution sources Geophysical exploration identification Geochemistry identification Isotopic tracing Numerical modeling Remediation technology Hydrogeological conditions Hydrogeological survey engineering

Human Health Risk Assessment Model of Organic pollution in groundwater:Shijiazhuang Industrial Zone

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1508-1517页

作者： YANG Mei FEI Yuhong JU Yiwen LI Huaqi Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049 China The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences （CAGS） Shijiazhuang 050061 China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 10003 7 China

In this study, a risk-based management model is developed and applied to an industrial zone. The models proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Han Bing have been improved by adding a residual ratio of volatile organic compounds （VOC） after boiling and deleting the related parameters in half-life. Using this improved model, an integrated process was used to assess human health risk level in the study area. Compared with water quality analysis, the results highlight the importance of applying an integrated approach for decision making on risk levels and water protection. The results of this study demonstrated that：（1） Compared with these permissible level standards in China （GB 3838-2002） and National Primary Drinking Water Regulations of the United States, the residents＇ daily life had not been affected by the groundwater in this area （except for relative bad water quality of HB3-4 and HB3-6）; （2） The typical detected organic contaminants of all groundwater samples were chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethene, and the pollution sources were mainly industrial sources by preliminary investigations; （3） As for groundwater, the non-carcinogenic risk values of all samples do not exceed the permissible level of 1.0 and the carcinogenic risk values are relatively lower than the permissible level of 1.00E-06 to 1.00E-04; （4） Drinking water pathway of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene mainly contribute to increasing the health risk of residents＇ in study areas; （5） In terms of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk, the health risk order for drinking water pathway and dermal contact pathway was： drinking water pathway 〉 dermal contact pathway.

关键词： groundwater pollution organic contaminants residual rate assessment model human health risk

Use of δ^(18)O, δ^(13)C and NO_(3)^(-) to identify hydrogeochemical processes related to contamination in an aquifer located in central Mexico

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第3期41卷 367-392页

作者： JoséIván Morales-Arredondo María Aurora Armienta Hernández Fátima Juárez-Aparicio Jorge Federico Landa-Arreguín Itzamna Zaknite Flores-Ocampo Natural Resources Department Institute of GeophysicsNational Autonomous University of MexicoCiudad Universitaria No.3000Col.Copilco UniversidadCoyoacan Delegation04360 MexicoCDMXMexico Earth Sciences Postgraduate Program University National Autonomous of MexicoUniversity City No.3000Col.Copilco UniversityCoyoacán Delegation04510 MexicoCDMXMexico

In this work,an isotopic analysis of δ^(18)O,δ^(13)C,and NO_(3)^(-) concentrations was carried out to identify the origin and the processes related to the contamination of an aquifer located in the state of Guanajuato,*** research identified the possible sources of δ^(13)C in *** groundwater flow,CO_(2) participates in different hydrogeochemical reactions in which the dissolution of carbonates or biochemical processes related to biodegradation stand *** data of δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O,and the hydrogeochemical behavior of NO_(3)^(-) and HCO_(3)^(-) in water,in addition to isotopic data and the chemical composition of limestones in the study area,were determined to establish the isotopic signature and the processes undergone by the *** isotopic signature of rock and water samples indicated that metamorphic limestones contributed with carbon dioxide to deep groundwater,while in the upper aquifer,bacterial metabolic reactions during nitrification–denitrification could modify the isotopic signature of δ^(13)C in some wells,although atmospheric contribution also plays a *** modification of the carbon isotopic component is related to the precipitation of calcite in specific regions of the study area,input of atmospheric CO_(2),and soil(*** possible participation of C4-type plants in the assimilation-release of carbon).This process is not confirmed or completely ruled out in this study since agriculture is excessively developed throughout the *** joint interpretation of isotopic values and the hydrogeochemical behavior of major and conservative elements help in identifying possible pollution processes in which different carbon sources are related.

关键词： ^(18)O and^(13)C isotopes groundwater pollution Nitrate Limestone

An emerging market for groundwater remediation in China： Policies, statistics, and future outlook

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第1期12卷 1-3页

作者： Deyi Hou Guanghe Li Paul Nathanai . School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China.. School of Geography University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK

There is a rapidly emerging and potentially huge market for the remediation of contaminated ground- water in China. The Chinese government published a Water Action Plan in April 2015, a Soil Action Plan in May 2016, and a draft Soil pollution Prevention and Control Law in June 2017. All of these new policies and regulations put pressures on local governments and contaminated site owners, obliging them to conduct site investigation and to cleanup contaminated groundwater. The Chinese population in northern regions heavily depend on groundwater, with nearly 70% of water supply coming from aquifer sources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. However, poor groundwater quality due to natural geochemical background and anthropogeic pollution is a serious concern, with poor or very poor quality water observed in nearly 80% of groundwater monitoring wells in 17 northern provinces. Shallow groundwater in many areas has been contaminated by toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and chlorinated organic compounds. There is an urgent need to better understand the situation and to conduct groundwater remediation at contaminated sites. The Chinese government is investing heavily in the research and development for groundwater remediation, which is expected to greatly add to the quality and quantity of groundwater remediation projects in the near future.

关键词： groundwater pollution Contaminated land,groundwater remediation Emerging market

Assessment of trace metal contamination in groundwater in a highly urbanizing area of Shenfu New District, Northeast China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第3期12卷 569-582页

作者： Yintao LU Xinghua ZANG Hong YAO Shichao ZHANG Shaobin SUN Fang LIU School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard Beijing 100044 China

Shenfu New District, located between two old industrial cities, Shenyang and Fushun, is a typical area undergoing industrialization and urbanization in China. The sources and distributions of heavy metals were analyzed in groundwater by multivariate analysis and GIS, and the impact of urbanization on the aqueous distribution of these metals was investigated. The results indicated that the mean contents of zinc （Zn）, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, and lead （Pb） in the wet periods were about two times of those in the dry period. Nickel （Ni） and chromium （Cr） were considered to be associated with the same anthropogenic origins （i.e., wastewater from agri- cultural processing）. The concentration of Zn was high under natural conditions, but was also affected by human activities （e.g., wastewater from foundry and instrument manufacturers）. As, Cd, and Pb are likely derived from both anthropogenic and natural sources （agricultural and water-rock interactions）. The spatial distributions of heavy metals in groundwater were region-specific, with the highest concentrations mostly along the Hun River. The heavy metal pollution index （HPI） values from the dry and wet periods showed similar trends at different sampling sites. Only one site＇s HPI was above the critical value of 100. These results provide information that can be used to understand potential threats to the groundwater resources of other developing cities.

关键词： heavy metals groundwater pollution hydrochemical type spatial distribution seasonal variation risk assessment

groundwater Vulnerability and Sensitivity Optimization Using Geographical Information System for Kano Metropolis, North-Western Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第4期10卷 202-226页

作者： Zaharatu Mohammed Babika Abubakar Ibrahim Tukur Deparrtment of Architecture and Civil Engineering University of Bath Bath United Kingdom Department of Geography Kano University of Science and Technology Kano Nigeria

This paper developed an optimization technique for groundwater vulnerability in Kano Metropolis, North-Western Nigeria. A combination of DRASTIC is taken from initial letters of seven parameters namely depth to water table (D), net recharge (R), aquifer media (A), soil media (S), topography (T), impact of vadose zone (V) and hydraulic conductivity (C), while GOD also represents groundwater confinement (G), overlaying strata (O), depth of water (D) and multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) techniques were used in the optimization method by integrating other important and sensitive parameters for groundwater pollution, principally the anthropogenic point source pollution parameters (dump site, petroleum stations, automobile shops and under storage tanks). Geographic Information System was used to perform the sensitivity analysis (SA) using the single parameter and map removal sensitivity methods. Result of sensitivity optimization revealed the depth to groundwater (D), net recharge (N), impact of vadose zone (V) from DRASTIC model, and groundwater conferment (G) from GOD model having significant impact on the groundwater vulnerability, respectively. A combination of these four parameters was used to generate DNVG groundwater vulnerability for the area. This suggests that an integration of other point source pollution parameters can enhance the influence of DRASTIC and GOD model parameters on groundwater vulnerability condition. The paper recommends for the application of the optimization method used in this study in another area with similar geological and anthropogenic point source of pollution with a view to validating or improving on it. In this study, several input data, such as anthropogenic point sources of contamination, are added to the existing DRASTIC and GOD model parameters as part of a sensitivity analysis aiming to optimise the performance of the resultant models.

关键词： groundwater pollution Sensitivity Modelling Optimization

Integrated Geoelectrical Resistivity Method for Environmental Assessment of Landfill Leachate pollution and Aquifer Vulnerability Studies

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第9期10卷 1-26页

作者： Stanley U. Eze Omafume M. Orji Abriku E. Onoriode Saleh A. Saleh Macpaul O. Abolarin Department of Earth Sciences Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria Department of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences Petroleum Training Institute Effurun Nigeria Department of Physics Delta State University Abraka Nigeria

Leachate plumes from landfills are a major source of pollution in Nigeria, especially in urban areas. Assessing leachate contamination in the subsoil is considered a complex process that needs detailed field measurement to accurately define the extent of contamination. To ascertain the extent of pollution of the subsoil and groundwater sources which were reportedly contaminated by leachate plumes from an old dumpsite located in Osubi town, an integrated geo-electrical method involving 1-D vertical electrical sounding (VES) and 2-D, 3-D ERT techniques were employed. Orthogonal set of 2-D apparent resistivity data was collected in a 100 × 50 m2 rectangular grid around the dumpsite, using the Wenner array. Two years later, three (3) 2-D resistivity imaging profiles were also recorded in time-lapse mode at the dumpsite to monitor the possible effects of attenuation on the leachate over time. Ten (10) VES data were also acquired and used along with the 2-D imaging data. 2-D apparent resistivity data were inverted with Dipprowin software program. The orthogonal set of 2-D lines of apparent resistivity was merged into 3-D data and inverted with RES3DINV program to create a 3-D subsurface resistivity model. Geological models observed from 2-D and 3-D resistivity inversion revealed low resistivity values in the order ρ Ω·m which is indicative of leachate plumes in the saturation zone (pore water). The 2-D resistivity-depth sections imaged low resistivity leachate plumes at the near surface (groundwater for domestic use is already contaminated with leachate from the dumpsite. Leachate contaminant-depth map estima

关键词： Leachate Contamination groundwater pollution 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) Aquifer Vulnerability Environmental Assessment

Study of prediction for groundwater contamination in wastewater land treatment system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1992年第1期4卷 43-51页

作者： Liu Zhaochang, Liu Xiang and Zhu KunDepartment of Environment Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

This paper uses a prediction model of groundwater pollution based on the experiments in the laboratory and in field .The model, which was tested and calibrated by the field observated data ,satisfactorily simulated the field conditions in land treatment system of wastewater . Particularly , the model can provide the reliable pollution prediction of heavy metals , organisms and nitrogen . The model was used to predict the groundwater pollution caused by the land treatment system in the region of North China . The calibration of the model showed that correlation coefficients between the tested and predictive data of Cr6+. As3+, organism and NH4+ could reach 0.990, which proved that the model possessed the realistic instructive significance for design and use of wastewater land treatment systems .

关键词： prediction model groundwater pollution land treatment system .