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From green super rice to green agriculture:Reaping the promise of functional genomics research

Molecular Plant 2022年第1期15卷 9-26页

作者： Sibin Yu Jauhar Ali Shaochuan Zhou Guangjun Ren Huaan Xie Jianlong Xu Xinqiao Yu Fasong Zhou Shaobing Peng Liangyong Ma Dingyang Yuan Zefu Li Dazhou Chen Ruifeng Zheng Zhigang Zhao Chengcai Chu Aiqing You Yu Wei Susong Zhu Qiongyao Gu Guangcun He Shigui Li Guifu Liu Changhua Liu Chaopu Zhang Jinghua Xiao Lijun Luo Zhikang Li Qifa Zhang National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China International rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777Metro ManilaPhilippines Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences GuangzhouChina Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences ChengduChina Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences FuzhouChina Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center ShanghaiChina China National Seed Group Co. LtdBeijingChina China National rice Research Institute HangzhouChina Hunan National Hybrid rice Center ChangshaChina Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences HefeiChina Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences NanchangChina Nanjing Agricultural University NanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences WuhanChina Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences NanningChina Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences GuiyangChina Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences KunmingChina Wuhan University WuhanChina Sichuan Agricultural University ChengduChina Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences HarbinChina College of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina Wuhan greenfafa Institute of Novel Genechip R&D China

Producing sufficient food with finite resources to feed the growing global population while having a smaller impact on the environment has always been a great ***,we review the concept and practices of green super rice(GSR)that have led to a paradigm shift in goals for crop genetic improvement and models of food production for promoting sustainable *** momentous achievements and global deliveries of GSR have been fueled by the integration of abundant genetic resources,functional gene discoveries,and innovative breeding techniques with precise gene and whole-genome selection and efficient agronomic management to promote resource-saving,environmentally friendly crop production *** also provide perspectives on new horizons in genomic breeding technologies geared toward delivering green and nutritious crop varieties to further enhance the development of green agricul-ture and better nourish the world population.

关键词： rice functional genomics green super rice genomic breeding nutritious crops sustainable agriculture

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Developing green super rice varieties with high nutrient use efficiency by phenotypic selection under varied nutrient conditions

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The Crop Journal 2019年第3期7卷 368-377页

作者： Zilhas Ahmed Jewel Jauhar Ali Yunlong Pang Anumalla Mahender Bart Acero Jose Hernandez Jianlong Xu Zhikang Li rice Breeding Platform International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)Los BanosLaguna 4031Philippines Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceBeijing 100081China Institute of Crop Science College of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity of the PhilippinesLos BanosLaguna 4031Philippines

The development of green super rice varieties with improved nutrient use efficiency(NuUE)is a vital target area to increase yield and make it more stable under rainfed *** the present study, we followed an early backcross(BC) breeding approach by using a highyielding and widely adapted Xian variety, Weed Tolerant rice 1(WTR-1), as a recipient and a Geng variety, Hao-An-Nong(HAN), as a *** from the BC1F2 generation, the BC population went through one generation of selection under irrigated, low-input, and rainfed conditions, followed by four consecutive generations of screening and selection for high grain yield(GY) under six different nutrient conditions(NPK, 75 N,-N,-P,-NP, and-NPK), leading to the development of 230 BC1F6 introgression lines(ILs).These 230 ILs were evaluated under the same six nutrient conditions for 13 agro-morphological and grain yield component traits in comparison to four checks and *** trait variations were observed between the treatments and *** correlations were identified for GY with biomass, panicle length, flag-leaf area, flag-leaf width, filled grain number per panicle,1000-grain weight, and tiller number under-N,-P,-NP, and-NPK *** of 230 ILs,12 were identified as promising under two or more nutrient deficiency *** results demonstrated an efficient inter-subspecific BC breeding procedure with a first round of selection under rainfed-drought conditions, followed by four generations of progeny testing for yield performance under six nutrient *** promising ILs can be useful resources for molecular genetic dissection and understanding the physiological mechanisms of NuUE.

关键词： Nutrient use efficiency Grain yield Nitrogen Phosphorus green super rice

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rice Functional Genomics Research： Past Decade and Future

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Molecular Plant 2018年第3期11卷 359-380页

作者： Yan Li Jinghua Xiaot Lingling Chen Xuehui Huang Zhukuan Cheng Bin Han Qifa Zhang Changyin Wu National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China College of Life and Environment Sciences Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China National Center for Plant Gene Research State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100101 China National Center for Gene Research Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200233 China

rice （Oryza sativa） is a major staple food crop for more than 3.5 billion people worldwide. Under- standing the regulatory mechanisms of complex agronomic traits in rice is critical for global food security. rice is also a model plant for genomics research of monocotyledonso Thanks to the rapid development of functional genomic technologies, over 2000 genes controlling important agronomic traits have been cloned, and their molecular biological mechanisms have also been partially char- acterized. Here, we briefly review the advances in rice functional genomics research during the past 10 years, including a summary of functional genomics platforms, genes and molecular regulatory networks that regulate important agronomic traits, and newly developed tools for gene identification. These achievements made in functional genomics research will greatly facilitate the development of green super rice. We also discuss future challenges and prospects of rice functional genomics research.

关键词： functional genomics gene identification green super rice Oryza sativa

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Yield potential and nitrogen use efficiency of China's super rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第5期16卷 1000-1008页

作者： WANG Fei PENG Shao-bing National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture/College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

In 1996, a mega project that aimed to develop rice varieties with super-high yield potential （super rice） was launched by the Ministry of Agriculture （MOA） in China using a combination of the ideotype approach and intersubspecific heterosis. Significant progress has been made in the last two decades, with a large number of super rice varieties being approved by the MOA and the national average grain yield being increased from 6.21 t ha^-1 in 1996 to 6.89 t ha^-1 in 2015. The increase in yield potential of super rice was mainly due to the larger sink size which resulted from larger panicles. Moreover, higher photosynthetic capacity and improved root physiological traits before heading contributed to the increase in sink size. However, the poor grain filling of the later-flowering inferior spikelets and the quickly decreased root activity of super rice during grain filling period restrict the achievement of high yield potential of super rice. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that the high yield potential of super rice requires a large amount of N fertilizer input, which has resulted in an increase in N consumption and a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency （NUE）, although it remains unclear whether super rice per se is responsible for the latter. In the present paper, we review the history and success of China＇s super rice Breeding Pro- gram, summarize the advances in agronomic and physiological mechanisms underlying the high yield potential of super rice, and examine NUE differences between super rice and ordinary rice varieties. We also provide a brief introduction to the green super rice Project, which aims to diversify breeding targets beyond yield improvement alone to address global concerns around resource use and environmental change. It is hoped that this review will facilitate further improvement of rice production into the future.

关键词： super rice yield potential nitrogen use efficiency green super rice

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