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Artificial selection of the green revolution gene Semidwarf 1 is implicated in upland rice breeding

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 769-780页

作者： Shuliang Jiao Qinyan Li Fan Zhang Yonghong Tao Yingzhen Yu Fan Yao Qingmao Li Fengyi Hu Liyu Huang Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wenshan 663000China

Semidwarf breeding has boosted crop production and is a well-known outcome from the first green revolution. The green revolution gene Semidwarf 1(SD1), which modulates gibberellic acid(GA) biosynthesis, plays a principal role in determining rice plant height. Mutations in SD1 reduce rice plant height and promote lodging resistance and fertilizer tolerance to increase grain production. The plant height mediated by SD1 also favors grain yield under certain conditions. However, it is not yet known whether the function of SD1 in upland rice promotes adaptation and grain production. In this study, the plant height and grain yield of irrigated and upland rice were comparatively analyzed under paddy and dryland conditions. In response to dryland environments, rice requires a reduction in plant height to cope with water deficits. Upland rice accessions had greater plant heights than their irrigated counterparts under both paddy and dryland conditions, and appropriately reducing plant height could improve adaptability to dryland environments and maintain high grain yield formation. Moreover, upland rice cultivars with thicker stem diameters had stronger lodging resistance, which addresses the lodging problem. Knockout of SD1 in the upland rice cultivar IRAT104 reduced the plant height and grain yield, demonstrating that the adjustment of plant height mediated by SD1 could increase grain production in dryland fields. In addition, an SD1 genetic diversity analysis verified that haplotype variation causes phenotypic variation in plant height. During the breeding history of rice, SD1 allelic mutations were selected from landraces to improve the grain yield of irrigated rice cultivars, and this selection was accompanied by a reduction in plant height. Thus, five known mutant alleles were analyzed to verify that functional SD1 is required for upland rice production. All these results suggest that SD1 might have undergone artificial positive selection in upland rice, which provides

关键词： green revolution Semidwarf 1 high-yield breeding upland rice plant height

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N-terminal truncated RHT-1 proteins generated by translational reinitiation cause semi-dwarfing of wheat green revolution alleles

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Molecular Plant 2021年第4期14卷 679-687页

作者： Karel Van De Velde Stephen GThomas Floor Heyse Rim Kaspar Dominique Van Der Straeten Antje Rohde BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent Technologiepark 101.9052 GhentBelgium Rothamsted Research HarpendenHertfordshire AL52JQUK Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology Department of BiologyGhent UniversitK.L.Ledeganckstrat 359000 GhentBelgium

The unprecedented wheat yield increases during the green revolution were achieved through the introduc-tion of the Reduced height(Rht)-B1b and Rht-D1b semi-dwarfing *** Rht-1 alleles encode growth-repressing DELLA genes containing a stop codon within their open reading frame that confers gibberellin(GA)-insensitive *** this study,we successfully took the hurdle of detecting wild-type RHT-1 proteins in different wheat organs and confirmed their degradation in response to *** further demonstrated that Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b produce N-terminal truncated proteins through trans-lational *** of these N-terminal truncated proteins in transgenic lines and in Rht-D1c,an allele containing multiple Rht-D1b copies,demonstrated their ability to cause strong dwarfism,resulting from their insensitivity to GA-mediated degradation.N-terminal truncated proteins were detected in spikes and nodes,but not in the aleurone *** Rht-B 1b and Rht-D1b alleles cause dwarfism but have wild-type dormancy,this finding suggests that tissue-specific differences in translational reinitiation may explain why the Rht-1 alleles reduce plant height without affecting *** together,our findings not only reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the green revolution but also demonstrate that trans-lational reinitiation in the main open reading frame occurs in plants.

关键词： gibberellin(GA)signaling DELLA Rht-1 dwarfing ales green revolution wheat translational reinitiation

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Toward a “green revolution” for Soybean

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Molecular Plant 2020年第5期13卷 688-697页

作者： Shulin Liu Min Zhang Feng Feng Zhixi Tian State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Soybean(Glycine max),as an economically important food and oilseedcrop,is a major source of plant proteins and *** considerable progress has been made in increasing the yields of rice,wheat,and maize through the“green revolution”,little improvements have been made for *** the increasing demand of soybean production and the rapid development of crop breeding technologies,time has come for this important crop to undergo a green ***,we briefly summarize the history of crop breeding and green revolution in other *** then discuss the possible directions and potential approaches toward achieving a green revolution for *** provide our views and perspectives on how to breed new soybean varieties with improved yield.

关键词： soybean yield green revolution

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A Strigolactone Biosynthesis Gene Contributed to the green revolution in Rice

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Molecular Plant 2020年第6期13卷 923-932页

作者： Yuexing Wang Lianguang Shang Hong Yu Longjun Zeng Jiang Hu Shen Ni Yuchun Rao Sanfeng Li Jinfang Chu Xiangbing Meng Lei Wang Ping Hu Jijun Yan Shujing Kang Minghao Qu Hai Lin Tao Wang Quan Wang Xingming Hu Hongqi Chen Bing Wang Zhenyu Gao Longbiao Guo Dali Zeng Xudong Zhu Guosheng Xiong Jiayang Li Qian Qian State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research(Beijing)Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Plant Phenomics Research Center Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

Plant architecture is a complex agronomic trait and a major factor of crop yield,which is affected by several important ***(SLs)are identified as a new class hormoneinhibiting branching in many plant species and have been shown to be involved in various developmental *** and chemical modulation of the SL pathway is recognized as a promising approach to modify plant ***,whether and how the genes involved in the SL pathway could be utilized in breeding still remain ***,we demonstrate that a partial loss-of-function allele of the SL biosynthesis gene,HIGH TILLERING AND DWARF 1/DWARF17(HTD1/D17),which encodes CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7(CCD7),increases tiller number and improves grain yield in *** found that the HTD1 gene had been widely utilized and co-selected with Semidwarf 1(SD1),both contributing to the improvement of plant architecture in modern rice varieties since the green revolution in the *** how phytohormone pathway genes regulate plant architecture and how they have been utilized and selected in breeding will lay the foundation for developing the rational approaches toward improving crop yield.

关键词： rice strigolactones tiller number green revolution

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Coordinating gibberellin and brassinosteroid signaling beyond green revolution

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2023年第7期50卷 459-461页

作者： Hongning Tong Chengcai Chu National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-BioresourcesCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510642China

The green revolution,which took place in the 1960s,was instrumental in increasing grain yields and mitigating the world’s food *** semi-dwarfing crops was a critical activity that significantly improved lodging resistance,field management,and harvesting *** molecular genetic studies revealed that the semi-dwarfing genes used in rice and wheat,two major staple crops,are related to the plant hormone gibberellin(GA).In rice,SD1 encodes a defective GA synthetic enzyme GA20ox-2,while in wheat,Rht-1(Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b)encodes the gain-of-function form of the GA signaling inhibitors known as DELLA proteins(Peng et al.,1999;Sasaki et al.,2002).However,defects in either GA synthesis or signaling can decrease nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)and potentially lead to inferior grain ***,the success of the green revolution relies heavily on the massive input of nitrogen fertilizer,which causes severe environmental issues.

关键词： Wheat BR GA green revolution

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Phenotyping and other breeding approaches for a New green revolution

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 422-424页

作者： Jose Luis Araus Jiansheng Li Martin A.J.Parry Jiankang Wang University of Barcelona Barcelona National Maize Improvement Center Chinese Agricultural University Rothamsted Research Harpenden Herts Institute of Crop Science The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing

Food security is a global concern in view of the ongoing global （social and climate） change. The challenges to food securityfrom global change, sharply increasing food and feed demands, whereas increasing the frequency and severity of stresses,coupled with degradation and scarcity of natural resources, are indeed urgent and real （Prasanna et al. 2013）. Crop productionmust double by 2050 to meet future production demands （Tilman et al. 2011）. The ability to achieve this increaserepresents a significant challenge to plant breeders. Crop yields must increase at a rate of 2.47o per year, yet the averagerate of increase is only 1.3% with yields stagnating in up to 40% of land under cereal production （Ray et al. 2012, 2013）. Therefore,crops with higher yield potential and more resistant to abiotic stress conditions are needed to address such challenges.

关键词： PLANT breeding PHENOTYPE green revolution FOOD security CEREAL products

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IPA1： A New ＂green revolution＂ Gene？

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Molecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 779-781页

作者： Baobao Wang Haiyang Wang Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China

Rice （Oryza sativa） is not only the staple food for more than half of the world＇s population but also a model species for plant developmental and genetic studies. To meet the challenge of feeding an increasing popu... 详细信息

关键词： green revolution Southeast Asian countries United States

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Sawah Rice Eco-technology and Actualization of green revolution in West Africa: Experience from Nigeria and Ghana

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Rice science 2010年第3期17卷 168-172页

作者： O.I.OLADELE T.WAKATSUKI Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension North West University (Mafikeng Campus) Faculty of Agriculture Kinki University

The development and dissemination of sawah rice eco-technology in Nigeria and Ghana as prerequisites for the actualization of green revolution in West Africa were described. It showed that the neglect of the eco-technology and the overemphasis of the biotechnology have rendered the ineffective transferability of the green revolution process from Asia to Africa. The sawah eco-technology increases yield up to 5 t/hm2 through bunding and the use of inlet and outlet connecting irrigation and drainage, which enhances effective water control and management, improves the efficiency of fertilizer, improves nitrogen fixation by soil microbes and algae, increases the use of wetlands, improves soil organic matter accumulation, suppresses weed growth, and enhances immune mechanism of rice through nutrient supply. The current experience has therefore established that the technology overcomes the constraints that have limited the realization of green revolution in West Africa.

关键词： sawah rice eco-technology green revolution sub-Saharan Africa rice production

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New“green revolution”cleaner cars and energy

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英语学习 2000年第2期 16-17页

作者：钟灵 Erin Kelly

By 2010,you may be driving apollution-free,recyclable car,eating genetically engineered foodgrown without pesticides,avoidingrush-hour traffic jams by working andshopping at your home computer,andlighting your home wi... 详细信息

关键词：燃料电池 green revolution New cleaner cars and energy

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Genetic improvement toward nitrogen-use efficiency in rice: Lessons and perspectives

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Molecular Plant 2023年第1期16卷 64-74页

作者： Bin Hu Wei Wang Jiajun Chen Yongqiang Liu Chengcai Chu Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-BioresourcesCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSouth China Agricultural University510642GuangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The indispensable role of nitrogen fertilizer in ensuring world food security together with the severe threats it poses to the ecosystem makes the usage of nitrogen fertilizer a major challenge for sustainable *** improvement of crops with high nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE)is one of the most feasible solutions for tackling this *** the last two decades,extensive efforts toward dissecting the variation of NUE-related traits and the underlying genetic basis in different germplasms have been made,and a series of achievements have been obtained in crops,especially in ***,we summarize the approaches used for genetic dissection of NUE and the functions of the causal genes in modulating NUE as well as their applications in NUE improvement in *** for exploring the variants controlling NUE and breeding future crops with“less-input-more-output”for sustainable agriculture are also proposed.

关键词： rice green revolution nitrogen-use efficiency QTL mapping GWAS nitrogen signaling network

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