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A Directly Readable Halftone Multifunctional Color QR Code

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第3期32卷 474-484页

作者： HUANG Yuan CAO Peng LYU Guangwu Information and Communication Engineering Beijing Institute of Graphic Communnication

Color quick response(QR) code is an important direction for the future development of QR code,which has become a research hotspot due to the additional functional characteristics of its colors as the wide application of QR code technology. The existing color QR code has solved the problem of information storage capacity, but it requires an enormous hardware and software support system, making how to achieve its direct readability an urgent issue. This paper proposes a novel color QR code that combines multiple types of different identification information. This code combines multiplexing and color-coding technology to present the publicly encoded information(such as advertisements, public query information) as plain code, and traceability, blockchain, anti-counterfeiting authentication and other information concealed in the form of hidden code. We elaborate the basic principle of this code, construct its mathematical model and supply a set of algorithm design processes, which breakthrough key technology of halftone printout. The experimental results show that the proposed color quick response code realizes the multi-code integration and can be read directly without special scanning equipment,which has unique advantages in the field of printing anti-counterfeiting labels.

关键词： Multiplexing Printing Codes Modulation QR codes Color gray-scale

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Grey-scale sonography and sonoelastography for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome

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World Journal of Radiology 2016年第3期8卷 281-287页

作者： Hideaki Miyamoto Yutaka Morizaki Takahiro Kashiyama Sakae Tanaka Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Graduate School of Medicine the University of Tokyo

Carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) is a common peripheral entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve at wrist level, and is thought to be caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. There is no standard quantitative reference for the diagnosis of CTS. Greyscale sonography and sonoelastography(SEL) have been used as diagnostic tools. The most commonly agreed findings in grey-scale sonography for the diagnosis of CTS is enlargement of the median nerve cross-sectional area(CSA). Several authors have assessed additional parameters. "Delta CSA" is the difference between the proximal median nerve CSA at the pronator quadratus and the maximal CSA within the carpal tunnel. The "CSA ratio" is the ratio of CSA in the carpal tunnel to the CSA at the mid forearm. These additional parameters showed better diagnostic accuracy than CSA measurement alone. Recently, a number of studies have investigated the elasticity of the median nerve using SEL, and have shown that this also has diagnostic value, as it was significantly stiffer in CTS patients compared to healthy volunteers. In this review, we summarize the usefulness of grey-scale sonography and SEL in diagnosing CTS.

关键词： Carpal tunnel syndrome Cross-sectional area gray-scale sonography Diagnosis Median nerve Sonoelastography Elasticity

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Multi-Level Halftoning by IGS Quantization

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2013年第4期4卷 351-358页

作者： Tadahiko Kimoto Faculty of Science and Engineering Toyo University Kawagoe Japan.

Improved gray-scale (IGS) quantization is a known method for re-quantizing digital gray-scale images for data compression while producing halftones by adding a level of randomness to improve visual quality of the resultant images. In this paper, first, analyzing the IGS quantizing operations reveals the capability of conserving a DC signal level of a source image through the quantization. Then, a complete procedure for producing a multi-level halftone image by IGS quantization that can achieve the DC conservation is presented. Also, the procedure uses the scanning of source pixels in an order such that geometric patterns can be prevented from occurring in the resulting halftone image. Next, the performance of the multi-level IGS halftoning is evaluated by experiments conducted on 8-bit gray-scale test images in comparison with the halftoning by error diffusion. The experimental result demonstrates that a signal level to be quantized in the IGS halftoning varies more randomly than that in the error diffusion halftoning, but not entirely randomly. Also, visual quality of the resulting halftone images was measured by subjective evaluations of viewers. The result indicates that for 3 or more-bit, in other words, 8 or more-level halftones, the IGS halftoning achieves image quality comparable to that by the error diffusion.

关键词： Digital Halftone Multi-Level Halftone Improved gray-scale Quantization Error Diffusion Subjective Testing

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An Alternate Approach for Designing a Domain Specific Image Search Prototype Using Histogram

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2013年第3期6卷 131-139页

作者： Sukanta Sinha Rana Dattagupta Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay Web Intelligence and Distributed Computing Research Lab Kolkata India

Everyone knows that thousand of words are represented by a single image. As a result, image search has become a very popular mechanism for the Web-searchers. Image search means, the search results are produced by the search engine should be a set of images along with their Web-page Unified Resource Locator (URL). Now Web-searcher can perform two types of image search, they are “Text to Image” and “Image to Image” search. In “Text to Image” search, search query should be a text. Based on the input text data, system will generate a set of images along with their Web-page URL as an output. On the other hand, in “Image to Image” search, search query should be an image and based on this image, system will generate a set of images along with their Web-page URL as an output. According to the current scenarios, “Text to Image” search mechanism always not returns perfect result. It matches the text data and then displays the corresponding images as an output, which is not always perfect. To resolve this problem, Web researchers have introduced the “Image to Image” search mechanism. In this paper, we have also proposed an alternate approach of “Image to Image” search mechanism using Histogram.

关键词： Domain Specific Crawling Histogram gray-scale Image Image Search Ontology Search Engine

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