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Could Gravitons from a Prior Universe Survive a (LQG Inspired) “Quantum Bounce” to Re-Appear in Our Present Universe?

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2017年第4期3卷 624-634页

作者： Andrew Walcott Beckwith Physics Department Chongqing University College of Physics Chongqing University Huxi Campus Chongqing China

We ask the question if a formula for entropy, as given by with a usual value ascribed of initial entropy of the onset of inflation can allow an order of magnitude resolution of the question of if there could be a survival of a graviton from a prior to the present universe, using typical Planckian peak temperature values of . We obtain values consistent with up to 1038 Gravitons contributing to an energy value of if we assume a relic energy contribution based upon each graviton initially exhibiting a frequency spike of 1010 Hz. The value of is picked from looking at the aftermath of what happens if there exists a quantum bounce with a peak density value of [1] in a regime of LQG bounce regime radii of the order of magnitude of meters. The author, in making estimates specifically avoids using ,?by setting the chemical potential for ultra high temperatures for reasons which will be brought up in the conclusion.

关键词： Gravitons Prior Universe Quantum Bounce

Lowest Order Mass of KK Graviton Revisited and How It May Affect the Blue Spectrum for Gravitons

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2017年第2期3卷 296-307页

作者： Andrew Walcott Beckwith Physics Department College of Physics Chongqing University Huxi Campus Chongqing China

The lowest order mass for a KK graviton, as a non-zero product of two branes interacting via a situation similar to Steinhardt’s ekpyrotic universe is obtained, as to an alternative to the present dogma specifying that Gravitons must be massless. The relative positions as to the branes give a dynamical picture as to how lowest order KK Gravitons could be affected by contraction and then subsequent expansion. Initially we have bulk Gravitons as a vacuum state. The massless condition is just one solution to a Stern Liuouville operator equation we discuss, which with a non-zero lowest order mass for a KK graviton permits modeling of Gravitons via a dynamical Casmir effect which we generalize using Ruser and Duerrer’s 2007 work. In particular the blue spectrum for (massless Gravitons), is revisited, with consequences for observational astrophysics.

关键词： Gravitons Blue Spectrum KK Theory Casmir Effect

New Insights into the Action of Gravitons in Spiral Galaxies

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高能物理(英文) 2023年第4期9卷 968-983页

作者： Firmin J. Oliveira East Asian Observatory James Clerk Maxwell Submillimetre Telescope Hilo USA

New details of the action of Gravitons in spiral galaxies are described. The effect of the graviton energy loss is hypothesized to be coupled to the baryon mass in the galaxy. From this relation, it follows that the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation is applicable to not just the final velocity of the galaxy but also to the rotational velocity at each radial position. In addition, a quadratic equation for the baryonic mass distribution is derived from the equation of motion. These results are demonstrated by making fits to galaxy rotation curves using a mass to light ratio model as well as the quadratic model for the mass distribution.

关键词： Gravitons Gravitational Redshift Graviton Coupling Coefficient Spiral Galaxies Mass to Light Ratio

The Theory of Gravitons in the Expansion of the Universe

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2022年第3期8卷 579-592页

作者： Firmin J. Oliveira East Asian Observatory/James Clerk Maxwell Submillimetre Telescope 660 N. A’ohoku Place Hilo Hawaii USA

The theory that Gravitons lose energy thru gravitational redshift while traveling in a gravitational field is applied to the universe. It is proposed that a co-moving volume element is required for the luminosity distance relation because the gravitational field acts simultaneously in three dimensions rather than just along a geodesic curve. With only a relatively small baryonic mass density the curve fit of the novel luminosity distance relation to Type Ia supernovae distance data is of the same quality as for the standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter model.

关键词： Gravitons Gravitational Redshift Hubble Law Luminosity Distance Supernova

New Conservation Law and a Consideration as to When Forming a Cosmological Constant Term: Using Fifth Force for Frequency of BEC “Gravitons” and Cosmological Constant Formed before BEC Gravitons Form

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2023年第2期9卷 489-495页

作者： Andrew Walcott Beckwith Physics Department College of Physics Chongqing University Huxi Campus Chongqing China

We use scalar fields. The scalar field version which we are using is one from Padmanabhan, and the problem is that the scalar field in the Padmanabhan representation is initially only dependent on time. We also refer to a new assumed conservation law which will give new structure as to inflationary expansion and its immediate aftermath. That of the Hubble “constant” is divided by the “time derivative” of the scalar field in the inflation regime and then a long time afterwards. In doing so, we help define when the cosmological constant may form and what they says about the advent of dark energy.

关键词： Inflaton Fifth Force Gravitational Waves Gravitons Hubble Parameter

Examining a Fifth Force Application by Using Dilaton Model and Padmanabhan Inflaton Scalar Field in Early Universe to Generate GW and Gravitons

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2022年第4期8卷 1155-1163页

作者： Andrew Walcott Beckwith Physics Department College of Physics Chongqing University Huxi Campus Chongqing China

On page 17 of a book on Modified Gravity by Li and Koyama, there is a discussion of how to obtain a Fifth force by an allegedly non-relativistic approximation with a force proportional to minus the spatial derivative of a scalar field. If the scalar field says for an inflaton, as presented by Padmanabhan only depends upon time, of course, this means that no scalar field contributing to a fifth force our proposal in the neighborhood of Planck time is to turn the time into being equal to r/[constant times c]. This is in the neighborhood of Planck time. Then having done that, consider the initially Plank regime inflaton field as being spatially varying and from there apply a fifth force as a way to help initiate black hole production and possibly Gravitons.

关键词： Dilaton Model Padmanabhan Inflaton Scalar Field GW Gravitons

Theory of Gravitons in Spiral and Dwarf Galaxy Rotation Curves

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2022年第3期8卷 810-834页

作者： Firmin J. Oliveira East Asian Observatory/James Clerk Maxwell Submillimetre Telescope 660 N. A’ohoku Place Hilo Hawaii USA

We hypothesize that Gravitons contribute significantly to the process that flattens galaxy rotation curves. Gravitons travelling against a gravitational field experience an energy loss due to gravitational redshift identical to the effect on light. This energy loss requires an increased rotational velocity to stabilize a galaxy. We will show that this approach successfully explains the rotational properties of spiral and dwarf galaxies.

关键词： Gravitons Spiral Galaxies Galaxy Dynamics Newtonian Mechanics Hubble’s Law Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation

How the Redshift of Gravitons Explains Dark Matter and Dark Energy

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Journal of Modern Physics 2022年第11期13卷 1348-1368页

作者： Firmin J. Oliveira East Asian Observatory/James Clerk Maxwell Submillimetre Telescope Hilo Hawai’i USA

The theory that Gravitons lose energy by way of gravitational redshift while traveling in a gravitational field is applied to the expansion of the universe and to spiral and dwarf galaxy rotation curves using General Relativity. This is a graviton self interaction model which derives an expansion equation which is identical in form to the standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter model. In the domain of galaxies, spiral and dwarf galaxy rotation curves are matched using only baryonic mass. Thus, the requirement for dark matter and dark energy in the universe is replaced by this paradigm.

关键词： Gravitons Gravitational Redshift Baryon Mass Density Supernovae Spiral Galaxies

Using “Enhanced Quantization” to Bound the Cosmological Constant, and Computing Quantum Number n for Production of 100 Relic Mini Black Holes in a Spherical Region of Emergent Space-Time

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2018年第3期4卷 549-566页

作者： Andrew Walcott Beckwith Physics Department College of Physics Chongqing University Chongqing China

We are looking at comparison of two action integrals and we identify the Lagrangian multiplier as setting up a constraint equation (on cosmological expansion). This is a direct result of the fourth equation of our manuscript which unconventionally compares the action integral of General relativity with the second derived action integral, which then permits Equation (5), which is a bound on the Cosmological constant. What we have done is to replace the Hamber Quantum gravity reference-based action integral with a result from John Klauder’s “Enhanced Quantization”. In doing so, with Padamabhan’s treatment of the inflaton, we then initiate an explicit bound upon the cosmological constant. The other approximation is to use the inflaton results and conflate them with John Klauder’s Action principle for a way, if we have the idea of a potential well, generalized by Klauder, with a wall of space time in the Pre Planckian-regime to ask what bounds the Cosmological constant prior to inflation, and to get an upper bound on the mass of a graviton. We conclude with a redo of a multiverse version of the Penrose cyclic conformal cosmology. Our objective is to show how a value of the rest mass of the heavy graviton is invariant from cycle to cycle. All this is possible due to Equation (4). And we compare all these with results of Reference [1] in the conclusion, while showing its relevance to early universe production of black holes, and the volume of space producing 100 black holes of value about 10^2 times Planck Mass. Initially evaluated in a space-time of about 10^3 Planck length, in spherical length, we assume a starting entropy of about 1000 initially.

关键词： Inflaton Action Integral Cosmological Constant Penrose Cyclic Cosmology Black Holes Massive Gravitons Enhanced Quantization