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gravitational wave footprints from Higgs-portal scalegenesis with multiple dark chiral scalars

Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 209-221页

作者： He-Xu Zhang Shinya Matsuzaki Hiroyuki Ishida Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences Toyama Prefectural UniversityToyama 939-0398Japan

We discuss the gravitational wave(GW)spectra predicted from the electroweak scalegenesis of the Higgs portal type with a large number of dark chiral flavors,which many flavor QCD would underlie and give the dynamical explanation of the negative Higgs portal coupling required to trigger the electroweak symmetry breaking.We employ the linear-sigma model as the low-energy description of dark many flavor QCD and show that the model undergoes ultra-supercooling due to the produced strong first-order thermal phase transition along the(approximately realized)flat direction based on the Gildener-Weinberg mechanism.Passing through evaluation of the bubble nucleation/percolation,we address the reheating and relaxation processes,which are generically non-thermal and nonadiabatic.Parametrizing the reheating epoch in terms of the e-folding number,we propose proper formulae for the redshift effects on the GW frequencies and signal spectra.It then turns out that the ultra-supercooling predicted from the Higgs-portal scalegenesis generically yields none of GW signals with the frequencies as low as nano Hz,unless the released latent heat is transported into another sector other than reheating the universe.Instead,models of this class prefer to give the higher frequency signals and still keeps the future prospected detection sensitivity,like at LISA,BBO,and DECIGO,etc.We also find that with large flavors in the dark sector,the GW signals are made further smaller and the peak frequencies higher.Characteristic phenomenological consequences related to the multiple chiral scalars include the prediction of dark pions with the mass much less than TeV scale,which is also briefly addressed.

关键词： gravitational wave electroweak scalegenesis many flavor QCD

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Imprints of ultralight axions on the gravitational wave and pulsar timing measurement

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 23-29页

作者： Ning Xie Fa Peng Huang MOE Key Laboratory of TianQin Mission TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics&School of Physics and AstronomyFrontiers Science Center for TianQinGravitational Wave Research Center of CNSASun Yat-sen University(Zhuhai Campus)Zhuhai 519082China

The axion or axion-like particle motivated from a natural solution of strong CP problem or string theory is a promising dark matter candidate.We study the new observational effects of ultralight axion-like particles by the space-borne gravitational wave detector and the radio telescope.Taking the neutron star-black hole binary as an example,we demonstrate that the gravitational waveform could be obviously modified by the slow depletion of the axion cloud around the black hole formed through the superradiance process.We compare these new effects on the binary with the well-studied effects from dynamical friction with dark matter and dipole radiation in model-independent ways.Finally,we discuss the constraints from LIGO/Virgo and study the detectability of the ultralight axion particles at LISA and TianQin.

关键词： gravitational wave axion dark matter

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Microlensing bias on the detection of strong lensing gravitational wave

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 156-165页

作者： Xikai Shan Xuechun Chen Bin Hu Guoliang Li Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China

Identifying strong lensing gravitational wave(SLGW)events is of utmost importance in astrophysics as we approach the historic first detection of SLGW amidst the growing number of gravitational wave(GW)events.Currently,one crucial method for identifying SLGW signals involves assessing the overlap of parameters between two GWs.However,the distribution of discrete matter,such as stars and sub-halos,within the strong lensing galaxy can imprint a wave optical(WO)effect on the SLGW waveform.These frequency dependent imprints introduce biases in parameter estimation and impact SLGW identification.In this study,we assess the influence of the stellar microlensing field embedded in a strong lensing galaxy.Our findings demonstrate that the WO effect reduces the detection efficiency of SLGW by 5%-50%for various false alarm probabilities per pair(FAPper pair).Specifically,at an FAPper pairof 10^(-5),the detection efficiency decreases from~10%to~5%.Consequently,the presence of the microlensing field can result in missing half of the strong lensing candidates.Additionally,the microlensing WO effect introduces a noticeable bias in intrinsic parameters,particularly for chirp mass and mass ratio.However,it has tiny influence on extrinsic parameters.Considering all parameters,~30%of events exhibit a 1σparameter bias,~12%exhibit a 2σparameter bias,and~5%exhibit a 3σparameter bias.

关键词： gravitational wave gravitational strong lensing gravitational micro lensing wave optical effect

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Efficient parameter inference for gravitational wave signals in the presence of transient noises using temporal and time-spectral fusion normalizing flow

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 240-251页

作者：孙天阳熊春雨金上捷王钰鑫张敬飞张鑫 Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics(Liaoning)&College of Sciences Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

Glitches represent a category of non-Gaussian and transient noise that frequently intersects with gravitational wave(GW)signals,thereby exerting a notable impact on the processing of GW data.The inference of GW parameters,crucial for GW astronomy research,is particularly susceptible to such interference.In this study,we pioneer the utilization of a temporal and time-spectral fusion normalizing flow for likelihood-free inference of GW parameters,seamlessly integrating the high temporal resolution of the time domain with the frequency separation characteristics of both time and frequency domains.Remarkably,our findings indicate that the accuracy of this inference method is comparable to that of traditional non-glitch sampling techniques.Furthermore,our approach exhibits a greater efficiency,boasting processing times on the order of milliseconds.In conclusion,the application of a normalizing flow emerges as pivotal in handling GW signals affected by transient noises,offering a promising avenue for enhancing the field of GW astronomy research.

关键词： gravitational wave glitch non-Gaussian and transient noise normalizing flow machine learning likelihood-free parameter inference

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Accuracy of numerical relativity waveforms with respect to space-based gravitational wave detectors

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第1期76卷 82-95页

作者： Zun Wang Junjie Zhao Zhoujian Cao Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China

As with the laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory(LIGO),the matched filtering technique will be critical to the data analysis of gravitational wave detection by space-based detectors,including LISA,Taiji and Tianqin.waveform templates are the basis for such matched filtering techniques.To construct ready-to-use waveform templates,numerical relativity waveforms are a starting point.Therefore,the accuracy issue of numerical relativity waveforms is critically important.There are many investigations regarding this issue with respect to LIGO.But unfortunately there are few results on this issue with respect to space-based detectors.The current paper investigates this problem.Our results indicate that the existing numerical relativity waveforms are as accurate as 99%with respect to space-based detectors,including LISA,Taiji and Tianqin.Such an accuracy level is comparable to that with respect to LIGO.

关键词： numerical relativity gravitational wave binary black hole

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gravitational waves and primordial black hole productions from gluodynamics by holography

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 31-42页

作者： Song He Li Li Zhibin Li Shao-Jiang Wang Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Max Planck Institute for gravitational Physics(Albert Einstein Institute) Golm 14476Germany CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Understanding the nature of quantum chromodynamics(QCD)matter is important but challenging due to the presence of nonperturbative dynamics under extreme conditions.We construct a holographic model describing the gluon sector of QCD at finite temperatures in the non-perturbative regime.The equation of state as a function of temperature is in good accordance with the lattice QCD data.Moreover,the Polyakov loop and the gluon condensation,which are proper order parameters to capture the deconfinement phase transition,also agree quantitatively well with the lattice QCD data.We obtain a strong first-order confinement/deconfinement phase transition at Tc=276.5 Me V that is consistent with the lattice QCD prediction.Based on our model for a pure gluon hidden sector,we compute the stochastic gravitational waves and primordial black hole(PBH)productions from this confinement/deconfinement phase transition in the early Universe.The resulting stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds are found to be within detectability in the International Pulsar Timing Array and Square Kilometre Array in the near future when the associated productions of PBHs saturate the current observational bounds on the PBH abundances from the LIGO-Virgo-Collaboration O3 data.

关键词： AdS/QCD confinement/deconfinement phase transition gravitational wave primordial black hole

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Stochastic gravitational wave background due to gravitational wave memory

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第11期65卷 132-139页

作者： Zhi-Chao Zhao Zhoujian Cao Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing102206China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310024China

gravitational wave memory is an important prediction of general relativity, which has not been detected yet. Amounts of memory events can form a stochastic gravitational wave memory background. Here we find that memory background can be described as a Brownian motion in the condition that the observation time is longer than the averaged time interval between two successive memory events. We investigate, for the first time, the memory background of binary black hole coalescences. We only consider the spectrum of the memory background for a relatively low frequency range. So we can use the step function to approximate the waveform for each memory event. Then we find that the spectrum is a power law with index –2. And the amplitude of the power law spectrum depends on and only on the merger rate of the binary black holes. Consequently, the memory background not only provides a brand new means to detect gravitational wave memory but also opens a new window to explore the event rate of binary black hole mergers and the gravity theory. Space-based detectors are ideal to detect the gravitational wave memory background which corresponds to supermassive binary black holes. Since gravitational wave memory is only sensitive to the merger stage of binary black hole coalescence, the memory background will be an ideal probe of the famous final parsec problem.

关键词： gravitational wave memory stochastic background

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Taiji data challenge for exploring gravitational wave universe

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Frontiers of physics 2023年第6期18卷 93-106页

作者： Zhixiang Ren Tianyu Zhao Zhoujian Cao Zong-Kuan Guo Wen-Biao Han Hong-Bo Jin Yue-Liang Wu Taiji Laboratory for gravitational wave Universe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Beijing 100049China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences UCASBeijing 100049China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Astronomy and Space Science UCASBeijing 100049China International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific(ICTP-AP UNESCO)UCASBeijing 100190China Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for gravitational wave Detection Shanghai 200240China Key Laboratory of Computational Astrophysics National Astronomical ObservatoriesBeijing 100101China

The direct observation of gravitational waves(GWs)opens a new window for exploring new physics from quanta to cosmos and provides a new tool for probing the evolution of universe.GWs detection in space covers a broad spectrum ranging over more than four orders of magnitude and enables us to study rich physical and astronomical phenomena.Taiji is a proposed space-based gravitational wave(GW)detection mission that will be launched in the 2030s.Taiji will be exposed to numerous overlapping and persistent GW signals buried in the foreground and background,posing various data analysis challenges.In order to empower potential scientific discoveries,the Mock Laser Interferometer Space Antenna(LISA)data challenge and the LISA data challenge(LDC)were developed.While LDC provides a baseline framework,the first LDC needs to be updated with more realistic simulations and adjusted detector responses for Taiji’s constellation.In this paper,we review the scientific objectives and the roadmap for Taiji,as well as the technical difficulties in data analysis and the data generation strategy,and present the associated data challenges.In contrast to LDC,we utilize second-order Keplerian orbit and second-generation time delay interferometry techniques.Additionally,we employ a new model for the extreme-mass-ratio inspiral waveform and stochastic GW background spectrum,which enables us to test general relativity and measure the non-Gaussianity of curvature perturbations.Furthermore,we present a comprehensive showcase of parameter estimation using a toy dataset.This showcase not only demonstrates the scientific potential of the Taiji data challenge(TDC)but also serves to validate the effectiveness of the pipeline.As the first data challenge for Taiji,we aim to build an open ground for data analysis related to Taiji sources and sciences.More details can be found on the official website(***).

关键词： gravitational wave universe evolution Taiji data challenge

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General formalism for dirty extreme-mass-ratio inspirals

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 22-29页

作者： Ye Jiang Wen-Biao Han Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for gravitational wave Detection Shanghai 200240China

Detecting the environment around the supermassive black holes and tests of general relativity are important applications of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals(EMRIs).There is still a challenge to efficiently describe various“dirty”impacts on the inspirals,such as dark matter,gas,dipole radiation,and electromagnetic interaction.In this study,we find the inherent linearity of the asymptotic solution of the inhomogeneous Teukolsky equation.On the basis of this property,we completely decouple the factors of the perturber and the background spacetime in the energy fluxes and waveforms.With the new decoupling form,the waveforms of EMRIs with non-geodesic motion in Kerr spacetime can be conveniently calculated.This will help to resolve the environment(including gas,field,dark matter,electromagnetic interaction)around supermassive black holes and test general relativity.

关键词： gravitational wave Teukolsky equation extreme-mass-ratio inspirals

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Sampling with Prior Knowledge for High-dimensional gravitational wave Data Analysis

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2022年第1期5卷 53-63页

作者： He Wang Zhoujian Cao Yue Zhou Zong-Kuan Guo Zhixiang Ren CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesP.O.Box 2735Beijing 100190China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China the Department of Networked Intelligence Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518055China

Extracting knowledge from high-dimensional data has been notoriously difficult,primarily due to the so-called"curse of dimensionality"and the complex joint distributions of these dimensions.This is a particularly profound issue for high-dimensional gravitational wave data analysis where one requires to conduct Bayesian inference and estimate joint posterior distributions.In this study,we incorporate prior physical knowledge by sampling from desired interim distributions to develop the training dataset.Accordingly,the more relevant regions of the high-dimensional feature space are covered by additional data points,such that the model can learn the subtle but important details.We adapt the normalizing flow method to be more expressive and trainable,such that the information can be effectively extracted and represented by the transformation between the prior and target distributions.Once trained,our model only takes approximately 1 s on one V100 GPU to generate thousands of samples for probabilistic inference purposes.The evaluation of our approach confirms the efficacy and efficiency of gravitational wave data inferences and points to a promising direction for similar research.The source code,specifications,and detailed procedures are publicly accessible on GitHub.

关键词： high-dimensional data prior sampling normalizing flow gravitational wave

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