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Time Varying gravitational constant G via Entropic Force

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第10期56卷 691-694页

作者： M.R.Setare D.Momeni Department of Science Payame Noor UniversityBijarIran Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceTarbiat Moallem UniversityTehran 15614Iran

If the uncertainty principle applies to the Verlinde entropic idea, it leads to a new term in the Newton＇s second law of mechanics in the Planck＇s scale. This curious velocity dependent term inspires a frictional feature of the gravity. In this short letter we address that this new term modifies the effective mass and the Newtonian constant as the time dependent quantities. Thus we must have a running on the value of the effective mass on the particle mass m near the holographic screen and the G. This result has a nigh relation with the Dirac hypothesis about the large numbers hypothesis （L.N.H.）. We propose that the corrected entropie terms via Verlinde idea can be brought as a holographic evidence for the authenticity of the Dirac idea.

关键词： gravitational constant general relativing

Empirical Equation for the gravitational constant with a Reasonable Temperature

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Journal of Modern Physics 2020年第8期11卷 1180-1192页

作者： Tomofumi Miyashita Miyashita Clinic Osaka Japan

Ted Jacobson discovered that gravity was related to thermodynamics. However, the calculated temperature using the Boltzmann area entropy is still not reasonable. We searched and discovered an empirical equation for the gravitational constant with a reasonable temperature. The calculated value was 3.20 K, which is similar to the temperature of the cosmic microwave background of 2.73 K. Then, we examined Yasuo Katayama’s theory. For this purpose, we introduced the modified Wagner’s equation, which is compatible with Jarzynski equality. Finally, using Ted Jacobson’s theory, we proposed our theory of gravity with the Gibbs volume entropy.

关键词： gravitational constant Wagner’s Equation Jarzynski Equality Ted Jacobson’s Theory

QED-Like Simple High Order Perturbative Relation between the gravitational constant Gand the Planck constant h

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2021年第2期7卷 595-601页

作者： Matt Kalinski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Logan UT USA

We find a simple precise formula for the gravitational constant G relating it to the electron charge, electron mass, the vacuum dielectric constant and the speed of light (or magnetic permeability of the vacuum) in power of the fine structure constant i.e. relating the gravitational constant to the Planck constant through others which also well exist without the quantum mechanics therefore relating two fundamental constants as not independent through the parameters of the electron and the electromagnetic properties of the vacuum.

关键词： gravitational constant Planck constant Quantum Gravity Theory of Everything Theory of the Electron Structure

Revisiting the thermodynamics of the BTZ black hole with a variable gravitational constant

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第11期47卷 137-144页

作者：白艳英陈宣瑞许震明吴滨 School of Physics Northwest UniversityXi'an 710127China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers Xi'an 710127China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Xi'an 710127China

The thermodynamics of BTZ black holes are revisited with a variable gravitational constant.A new pair of conjugated thermodynamic variables are introduced,including the central charge C and chemical potentialμ.The first law of thermodynamics and the Euler relationship,instead of the Smarr relationship in the extended phase space formalism,are matched perfectly in the proposed *** with the standard extensive thermodynamics of an ordinary system,the black hole mass is verified to be a first order homogeneous function of the related extensive variables,and restores the role of internal *** addition,the heat capacity has also resulted in a first order homogeneous function using this formalism,and asymptotic behavior is demonstrated at the high temperature *** non-negativity of the heat capacity indicates that the rotating and charged BTZ black holes are thermodynamically stable.

关键词： black hole thermodynamics holography gravitational constant

The Relation between Thermodynamics and gravitational constant (G)

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2020年第4期6卷 680-691页

作者： Abed El Karim S. Abou Layla Gaza City Palestine

Although many centuries have elapsed since Newton set forth his gravitational law, physics has been unable so far to create an exact theoretical value for the universal gravitational constant (G). Through a simple thought experience (i.e. it may not be possible to perform it), it can be concluded a mathematical formula which links three different physical sciences with each other: mechanics, electromagnetism and thermodynamics in a simple form, it is possible to find an exact value for the gravitational constant using this form. In fact, the importance of this research is that it also tells us more information about the electromagnetic and gravitomagnetic origin of masses, the negative and positive masses (i.e. matter and dark matter), and the smallest possible distance in the universe, which equals 1.0252 × 10-56 m.

关键词： Thermodynamics gravitational constant Electromagnetic Mass Radiation Mass Khromatic Theory

The Perihelion Precession of the Planets Indicates a Variability of the gravitational constant

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Journal of Modern Physics 2023年第5期14卷 670-675页

作者： Hans Peter Weber Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft Bad Honnef Germany

The gravitational constant G according to the theory of NEWTON is the most imprecise constant of all physical constants. Moreover, there are a number of phenomena which suggest that this is caused by its invariant nature and the gravitation constant might be in fact a variable. In this article, a possible dependence of the gravitational constant on the distance between the two mass points is determined from the observed values of the perihelion displacement of the planets. However, to fit the observed measurements the 1/r2 dependence is modified to a 1/r2+1/R dependence with “R” as the Rydberg constant. With the proposed new power function, the perihelion precessions of the planets are recalculated and then compared with previous observations as well as the postulated anomaly of Saturn.

关键词： gravitational constant Perihelion Precession of the Planets gravitational Equation with Variable G

Explanation of the Necessity of the Empirical Equations That Relate the gravitational constant and the Temperature of the CMB

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Journal of Modern Physics 2023年第4期14卷 432-444页

作者： Tomofumi Miyashita Miyashita Clinic Osaka Japan

In previous papers, we proposed an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Using this equation, we proposed a refined version of our own former empirical equations about the electromagnetic force and gravity in terms of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background. The calculated values of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background (Tc) and the gravitational constant (G) were 2.726312 K and 6.673778 × 10-11 m3⋅kg-1⋅ s-2, respectively. Then, for the values of the factors 9/2 and π in our equations, we used 4.488519503 and 3.132011447, respectively. However, we could not provide a theoretical explanation for the necessity of these empirical equations. In this paper, using the redefinition method for the UNIT, we show the necessity for our empirical equations.

关键词： gravitational constant Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Measurement of Density Inhomogeneity for Source Masses in Time-of-Swing Method of Measuring G

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第1期26卷 36-39页

作者：刘琳霞邵成刚涂良成罗俊 Department of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074

A method with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） is presented to measure the density inhomogeneity of the stainless steel （SS316） sphere prepared for measuring G using time-of-swing method. The experimental result shows that the relative density inhomogeneity of the sphere is better than 5.9 × 10^-4 over the volume of 0.272 ×0.234× 0.005 mm^3. If we assume that the density inhomogeneity of the spheres used in our G measurement is the same as that of the sphere destroyed in testing, it will contribute to G value with an uncertainty of less than 0.034 ppm in our G measurement. Furthermore, the mass centre offset from the geometric centre of the sphere will be less than 4.3× 10^-4 μm due to this inhomogeneity.

关键词： gravitational constant TORSION PENDULUM

Variable Physical constants and Beyond

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2023年第1期9卷 116-123页

作者： Qinghua Cui Department of Biomedical Informatics Peking University Beijing China

We previously revealed that the speed of light in vacuum c, the gravitational constant G, the vacuum permittivity ε, and the vacuum permeability μ can be defined by the temperature T (or the expected average frequency f) of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Given that CMB is continuously cooling, that is, T is continuously decreasing, we proposed that the above “constants” are variable and their values at some space-time with CMB temperature T (cT, GT, εT, and μT) can be described using their values (c0, G0, ε0, and μ0) and the temperature (T0) of CMB at present space-time. Based on the above observation, a number of physical equations related with these constants are re-described in this study, including relativity equation, mass-energy equation, and Maxwell’s equations, etc.

关键词： Speed of Light in Vacuum gravitational constant Vacuum Permittivity Vacuum Permeability Cosmic Microwave Background