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Occurrence of tetracycline residues and antimicrobial resistance in gram negative bacteria isolates from cattle farms in Spain

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第2期4卷 295-303页

作者： Matilde Carballo Fernando Esperón Carlos Sacristán Miguel González Belén Vázquez Sonia Aguayo Ana de la Torre National Centre for Environmental Health Group of Water Pollution Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain Research Centre in Animal Health CISA-INIA Madrid Spain

The usage of antibiotics in animal husbandry has dramatically increased the concentration of antibiotic residues and has promoted the development and abundance of antibiotic resistance in manure. When it is spread onto agricultural land, both residues of antibiotics and bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes may be introduced into the environment. In this research, we isolated resistant gram negative bacteria from manure produced in two dairy and two beef cattle farms, located in Madrid (Spain), to determine their resistance to seventeen representative antibiotics commonly used in veterinary therapy. A total of 63 isolates were used to assess the overall bacterial antimicrobial resistance on cattle manure samples. Predominant species were Escherichia coli and Comamonas testosteroni accounting for 25% and 19.6% of the total, respectively. The most found antimicrobial resistances in gram-negative bacteria were to tetracycline (66.7%), sulphamethoxazole (55.6%), ampicillin (52.4%), cephalothin (46.0%), chloramphenicol (44.4%), nalidixic acid (39.7%) and trimethroprim- sulphamethoxazole (33.3%). The mean of resistance and the percentage of multi-resistant bacteria in beef farms were higher and statistically significant when compared to dairy farms which is opposite from the findings of the previous studies. The presence of three tetracyclines in all manure samples was also examined with stable recoveries (76% - 82%) and high sensitivity (limit of quantification 0.015 - 0.03 μg/kg). The concentrations of tetracyclines detected (<0.015 - 10 mg/kg) were consistent to the theoretical tetracycline levels in manure in Spain according to the ex- cretion rate of these antibiotics and the values re-ported in scientific literature in other European coun- tries.

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance gram Negative Bacteria Cattle Manure Tetracycline

The Increased Frequency of Carbapenem Resistant Non Fermenting gram Negative Pathogens as Causes of Health Care Associated Infections in Adult Cancer Patients

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2015年第10期6卷 881-888页

作者： Hadir A. El-Mahallawy Rasha M. Abdel Hamid Safaa Shawky Hassan Samah Radwan Magdy Saber Clinical Pathology Department National Cancer Institute Cairo University Giza Egypt Medical Oncology Department National Cancer Institute Cairo University Giza Egypt

Background and Aim: Multi drug resistant Non fermenting gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) have emerged as a major cause of health-care associated infections especially in immunocompromised hosts. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of NFGNB as a cause of health-care associated infections (HAI) in cancer patients and determine their resistance pattern. Patients and Methods: During the study period, 158 NFGNB isolates were collected. Microscan Walk Away 9 was used for identification and testing for the metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) was done by Imipenem-EDTA combined disk synergy test (CDST-IPM). Results: NFGNB represented 29.0% of infections caused by gram negative organisms. Carbapenem resistance, the multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype, and MBL production were documented in 70%, 63%, and 59% of NFGNB isolates, respectively. MDR-NFGNB rates were significantly higher among hospitalized patients, medical department and those with longer duration of hospital stay (p = 0.034, 0.026, 0.019;respectively) than non MDR-NFGNB. Conclusion: A high level of carbapenem and multi-drug resistance were detected among the non-fermenter pathogens isolated from hospitalized cases and were more frequently encountered in high risk adult cancer patients requiring longer duration of hospitalization. The MDR-NFGNB are constituting important causes of health-care associated infections in cancer patients.

关键词： Multi Drug Resistant Organisms (MDRO) Non-Fermenting gram Negative Bacilli (NF-GNB) Metallo-β-Lactamases (MBL) Surgical Site Infections (SSI)

Diagnostic Validity of Cica Beta Test 1 for the Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing gram Negative Bacteria by Comparing with Phenotypic Method

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2019年第1期9卷 39-48页

作者： Mostaqimur Rahman Hafiza Sultana Abdullahil Mosawuir Latifa Akhter Abdullah Yusuf Department of Microbiology Rangpur Medical College Rangpur Bangladesh Department of Physiology Rangpur Medical College Rangpur Bangladesh Department of Skin & VD Rangpur Medical College Rangpur Bangladesh Department of Microbiology National Institute of Neuroscience & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria is an important issue in the clinical settings. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to validate the Cica Beta Test 1 for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. Method: This analytical type of cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from January 2006 to December 2006 for a period of one (01) year. All the patients presented with the clinical features of urinary tract infection and surgical as well as burn wound infection at any age with both sexes were selected as study population. All bacteria were isolated and identified by their colony morphology, staining characters, pigment production, motility and other relevant biochemical tests. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBLs producing isolates were done by inhibitor potentiated disc diffusion test according to CLSI recommendation. The Cica Beta Test 1 was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Result: A total number of 288 gram negative bacteria were isolated. Among these isolates Cica Beta test 1 was positive in 97 strains and phenotypic confirmatory test was positive in 89 strains. The test sensitivity of Cica Beta Test 1 was 100% (95% CI 95.9% to 100.0%). Specificity of the test was 96.0% (95% CI 92.2% to 98.2%). The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 92.7% (95% CI 84.5% to 95.7%) and 100.0% (95% CI 98.0% to 100.0%) respectively. The accuracy of the test was 97.2% (95% CI 95.1% to 99.1%). Area under ROC curve = 0.980 (95% CI 0.964 to 0.996);p value 0.0001. Conclusion: In conclusion, Cica Beta Test 1 is very high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ESBL from gram negative bacteria.

关键词： Diagnostic Validity Cica Beta Test 1 Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase ESBL gram Negative Bacteria Phenotypic Method

pLoc_Deep-mGpos: Predict Subcellular Localization of gram Positive Bacteria Proteins by Deep Learning

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2020年第5期13卷 55-65页

作者： Zhe Lu Kuo-Chen Chou Computer Science Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen China Gordon Life Science Institute Boston MA USA.

The recent worldwide spreading of pneumonia-causing virus, such as Coronavirus, COVID-19, and H1N1, has been endangering the life of human beings all around the world. In order to really understand the biological process within a cell level and provide useful clues to develop antiviral drugs, information of gram positive bacteria protein subcellular localization is vitally important. In view of this, a CNN based protein subcellular localization predictor called “pLoc_Deep-mGpos” was developed. The predictor is particularly useful in dealing with the multi-sites systems in which some proteins may simultaneously occur in two or more different organelles that are the current focus of pharmaceutical industry. The global absolute true rate achieved by the new predictor is over 99% and its local accuracy is around 92% - 99%. Both are transcending other existing state-of-the-art predictors significantly. To maximize the convenience for most experimental scientists, a user-friendly web-server for the new predictor has been established at http://***/pLoc_Deep-mGpos/, which will become a very powerful tool for developing effective drugs to fight pandemic coronavirus and save the mankind of this planet.

关键词： Pandemic Coronavirus Multi-Label System gram Positive Proteins Learning at Deeper Level Five-Steps Rule PseAAC

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of gram-Negative Uropathogens among Paediatric Patients in Nigeria

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2019年第4期9卷 215-229页

作者： Esther Claire Alechenu Justus Amuche Nweze Nathaniel Isaiah Lerum Emmanuel Aniebonam Eze Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Science Laboratory Technology Faculty of Physical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

Objective: This study aimed to detect and compare the frequency and antibiotics resistant pattern of gram-negative uropathogens implicated in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in paediatric patients attending some hospitals in Nigeria and to proffer recommendations for its management. Methods: Based on standard procedures, midstream urine samples were collected. Urinalysis was done as a preliminary diagnosis of UTI using Combi-9 test strip. Isolation of uropathogen was done and antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out using Kirby-Bauer technique. Results: Out of 489 samples collected, 130 (26.4%) was positive for UTI. The prevalence rate of UTI in the investigated areas such as Nsukka, Otukpo, Gboko and Kastina Ala was 31.8%, 17.5%, 34.3% and 17.1%, respectively. The prevalence of UTI was higher in males 81 (30.9%) than in females 49 (21.6%), but there was no statistically significant association between gender and UTI (p = 0.636). The prevalence of UTI was greater among the age of 2 - 5 years (28.2%) and decreased with the increase in age, although there was no significant association between UTI and the age groups (p = 0.870). Generally, Klebsiella pneumonae (88.8%) was the most dominant bacterium (it was even more in males), followed by E. coli (40.6%), which was more in females, then Pseudomonas spp. (45.0%) and Proteus mirabilis (13.8%). The in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing shows that the isolate was highly resistant to Augmentin, Cotrimoxazoel, Amoxicilin and Tetracycline, while some of the isolate shows intermediate resistant to Nitrofurantoin and Nalixidic acid. Ofloxacine and Gentamicin were the most effective antibiotics against the isolates from all the study areas. The isolates had a varied range of MICs and MBCs. Conclusion: K. pneumonia predominated all isolates. The resistant patterns of the isolates to some of the antibiotics show that the first line of antibiotics for treatment of UTI in children in these areas is Ofloxacine and Gentamici

关键词： Urinary Tract Infection Bacteria gram Negatives Enterobacteriaciae Antibiotics Resistance/Susceptibility

Phylogenetic Diversity and Evaluation the Effectiveness of Indigenous <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>Strains for Myanmar Black gram (<i>Vigna mungo</i>L. Hepper) Cultivars

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第2期11卷 285-306页

作者： Khin Myat Soe Aung Zaw Htwe Kyi Moe Tomomi Abiko Takeo Yamakawa Biofertilizer Laboratory Land Use Division Department of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Irrigation Yangon Myanmar Department of Agronomy Yezin Agricultural University Yezin Myanmar Laboratory of Agroecology Department of Bioresource Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Harumachi Kasuya-Machi Kasuya-Gun Fukuoka Japan Laboratory of Plant Nutrition Department of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Motooka Nishi-Ku Fukuoka Japan.

Black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) is one of the main leguminous crops that provide chief source of food. Several Bradyrhizobium species are able to induce effective nodules in black gram cultivars. In the present study, we characterized forty isolates of indigenous black gram bradyrhizobia from Myanmar based on the sequence analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The sequence analysis confirmed that all isolates were categorized and identified as the genus Bradyrhizobium and they were conspecific with B. elkanii, B. sp., B. liaoningense, B. japonicum and B. yunamingense. Almost all the collected isolates from major black gram growing regions of Nyaunglebin Bago Regio, Chaungzon Mon State, Sittwe Rakhine State, Danubyu Ayeyarwady Region and Launglon Tanintharyi Region were identified as B. liaoningense. At Danubyu Ayeyarwady Region and Pyinmanar Nay Pyi Taw Region, most of the strains were identified as B. japonicum. On the other hand, more or less all the isolates from Launglon Tanintharyi Region and Hpa-an Kayin State were related to B. elkanii. However, all B. sp. strains were found in Salingyi Sagaing Region black gram growing region. This is the first report describing Bradyrhizobium strains that were isolated from soil samples of major black gram growing areas in Myanmar. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Myanmar Bradyrhizobim strains isolated from soil samples of major black gram growing areas of Myanmar for plant growth and nitrogen fixation was studied in pot experiments with completely randomized design and three replicates. The nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight and acetylene reduction activity of the plant inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii LauBG38 were significantly higher in ARA per plant, nodule and shoot dry weights than the other tested isolates in both Yezin-4 and Yezin-7 black gram varieties. We expect that Myanmar Bradyrhizobium elkanii LauBG38 will be able to use as Biofertilizer for black gram cultivars.

关键词： Black gram Myanmar 16S rRNA Gene Bradyrhizobium Nitrogen Fixation

Stochastic Modelling of Actual Black gram Evapotranspiration

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2009年第6期1卷 448-455页

作者： Pankaj K. PANDEY Vanita PANDEY RajVir SINGH S. R. BHAKAR 不详

The study was undertaken to develop and evaluate evapotranspiration model for black gram (Vigna Mungo L.) crop under climatic conditions of Udaipur, India. Pan evaporation data for the duration of twenty three years (1978-2001) and measured black gram evapotranspiration data by electronic lysimeter for duration of kharif season of 2001 were used for analysis. Black gram is an important crop of Udaipur region. No sys-tematic study on modelling of black gram evapotranspiration was conducted in past under above said cli-matic conditions. Therefore, stochastic model was developed for the estimation of daily black gram evapotranspiration using 24 years data. Validation of the developed models was done by the comparison of the estimated values with the measured values. The developed stochastic model for black gram evapotran-spiration was found to predict the daily black gram evapotranspiration very accurately.

关键词： Black gram (Vigna Mungo L.) Evapotranspiration Crop Water Requirement Stochastic Modelling

动态金融高阶矩建模:基于Generalized-t分布和gram-Charlier展开分布的比较研究

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中国管理科学 2015年第10期23卷 11-18页

作者：黄卓李超北京大学国家发展研究院中国经济研究中心北京100871

动态时变高阶矩是金融收益率的一个重要特征。本文对比研究了主流的Generalized-t分布(GT)和gram Charlier Expansion分布(GCE)在GJRGARCH模型下对动态高阶矩的拟合能力和Value-at-Risk的预测能力。基于2005—2014美国标普500股指和中... 详细信息

动态时变高阶矩是金融收益率的一个重要特征。本文对比研究了主流的Generalized-t分布(GT)和gram Charlier Expansion分布(GCE)在GJRGARCH模型下对动态高阶矩的拟合能力和Value-at-Risk的预测能力。基于2005—2014美国标普500股指和中国沪深300股指日收益率的实证结果显示,收益率的条件高阶矩存在显著的时变性和持续性,其中偏度参数的持续性参数达到0.9以上。从各种统计指标综合来看,这两种方法都具有较好的实证表现。尽管GCE分布具有某些高阶矩建模的便利性,GT分布的实证拟合能力更强,对极端概率Value-atRisk的样本外预测也更加准确。

关键词：高阶矩 GJRGARCH Generalized-t分布 gram Charlier Expansion

基于gram Schmidt变换的高光谱遥感图像改进融合方法

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地理与地理信息科学 2007年第5期23卷 39-42页

作者：于海洋闫柏琨甘甫平迟文学武法东中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院北京100083 中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心北京100083

遥感图像融合的目的是综合来自不同空间分辨率和光谱分辨率的遥感信息,生成一幅具有新空间和波谱特征的合成图像。针对高光谱图像的特点,对基于gram Schmidt变换的图像融合方法进行改进,首先采用光谱重采样方法模拟产生gram Schmidt变... 详细信息

遥感图像融合的目的是综合来自不同空间分辨率和光谱分辨率的遥感信息,生成一幅具有新空间和波谱特征的合成图像。针对高光谱图像的特点,对基于gram Schmidt变换的图像融合方法进行改进,首先采用光谱重采样方法模拟产生gram Schmidt变换的第一分量,通过gram Schmidt变换将高光谱图像转换到正交空间,再利用高空间分辨率图像替换gram Schmidt变换的第一分量,最后通过gram Schmidt反变换获得融合图像。利用EO1-Hyperion航天高光谱数据与ALI全色波段进行融合试验,发现改进方法可有效提高高光谱遥感图像与全色高分辨率图像的融合质量。

关键词： gram Schmidt变换高光谱图像光谱重采样图像融合