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Recent progress of grain boundary diffusion process for hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets

Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第4期41卷 477-488页

作者： Min Zhao Na Liu Xu Tang Renjie Chen Jinyun Ju Wenzong Yin Yeyuan Du Aru Yan Xincai Liu Jing Pan Zhiyi Xu School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China CISRI&NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341119China

grain boundary diffusion process(GBDP)was first proposed for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets to achieve the high utilization efficiency of heavy rare earth elements.Recent success of fabricating high performance nanocomposite magnets by GBDP indicates that this method also exerts huge applicable potential on hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets.In this review,the development and magnetic property enhancement mechanisms of different diffusion methods proposed on hot-deformed magnets were thoroughly elucidated.Moreover,the improve room for further property enhancement and the accompanying problems of GBDP on hot-deformed magnets are also discussed in this article.

关键词： Hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets grain boundary diffusion process Magnetic properties Micromagnetic simulations Rare earths

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grain boundary construction and properties enhancement for hot deformed(Ce,La,Y)-Fe-B magnet by a two-step diffusion process

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第34期165卷 253-261页

作者： Xuefeng Liao Weiwei Zeng Lizhong Zhao Qing Zhou Jiayi He Wei Li Xiangyi Liu Hongya Yu Xiaolian Liu Haoyang Jia Jean-Marc Greneche Xuefeng Zhang Zhongwu Liu School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials College of Materials&Environmental EngineeringHangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Development and Application Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth DevelopmentGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang 330063China Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans IMMM CNRS UMR-6283 Le Mans UniversitéAvenue MessiaenLe Mans F-72085Cedex 9France

The rare earth-iron-boron magnets based on high abundance rare earths(REs)show potential for costeffective permanent magnets but their hard magnetic properties have to be greatly improved.The grain boundary diffusion process(GBDP)is known as an effective way to improve the coercivity of Nd-Fe-B magnets,however,the conventional diffusion method faces a challenge for Ce-based magnets since there is no enough continuous GB layer as the diffusion channel.Here,a two-step(Nd-Cu doping followed by Nd-Cu diffusion)GBDP was introduced for hot deformed(Ce,La,Y)-Fe-B magnet,and the excellent magnetic properties ofμ0Hc=0.63 T,μ0Mr=0.68 T,and(BH)max=72.4 kJ/m^(3)were achieved.The Nd-Cu doping helps the formation of RE-rich GB layer,and then it acts as the diffusion channel for increasing the ef-ficiency of the subsequent Nd-Cu diffusion and results in the increased volume fraction of continuously distributed GB phase,whose paramagnetism was verified by 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry.Those paramagnetic GB phases help to form the discontinuous domain walls,as observed by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy,and break the magnetic exchange coupling of RE2Fe14B grains.It thus contributes to the coercivity enhancement of the hot deformed magnet with two-step diffusion,which is further proved by micromagnetic simulation.This study proposes a potential technique to prepare anisotropic hot deformed(Ce,La,Y)-Fe-B magnet with high cost-performance.

关键词： High abundance rare earth Hot deformed RE-Fe-B magnets grain boundary diffusion process Magnetic properties grain boundary phase

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Development of non-rare earth grain boundary modification techniques for Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第3期98卷 51-61页

作者： Zhongwu Liu Jiayi He Qing Zhou Youlin Huang Qingzheng Jiang School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Development and Application Institute of Rare Met.Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang 330063China Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Magnetic Materials and Devices(IREMMD)/College of Rare Earths Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China

The magnetic performance of Nd-Fe-B magnets depends on their grain boundary structure.Intergranular addition and grain boundary diffusion(GBD)process are effective approaches for enhancing coercivity with low material cost.This review summarizes the development of grain boundary modification techniques with emphasis on our recent work using cost-effective non-rare earth(non-RE)sources for GBD.Up to now,heavy rare earth(HRE)based compounds,metals and light rare earth(LRE)based alloys have been successfully employed as the diffusion sources for coercivity enhancement.Inspired from the previous investigations on the intergranular addition of non-RE compounds and alloys for Nd-Fe-B magnets,in 2015,we firstly proposed a novel GBD process based on diffusion source of Mg O.After that,various non-RE diffusion sources have been developed.The fundamentals of non-RE additives and non-RE diffusion sources for hard magnetic properties enhancement of Nd-Fe-B magnets are summarized here based on both the experimental and computational results.In particular,the properties-microstructure relationships of non-RE GBD modified magnets are discussed.The non-RE alloys or compounds modify the composition and structure of the grain boundary by diffusing into the intergranular regions,resulting in enhanced coercivity and corrosion resistance.Recently,we used Al-Cr coatings for both coercivity enhancement and surface protection,which shortens the production process and makes non-RE diffusion sources more competitive.The opportunity and future directions for non-RE GBD are also discussed in this review.

关键词： Nd-Fe-B magnets grain boundary diffusion process Non-rare earth Coercivity Corrosion resistance

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Effect of aluminum on microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets processed by grain boundary diffusion of Tb-Al

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第5期41卷 705-712,I0003页

作者： Tinghui Wang Zhaokun Ma Qihang Zhu Lijing Yang Baosheng Liu Yu Zhao Cheng Xu Bizhang Zheng Fangqin Hu Jianzhong Li Qingfang Huang Zhenlun Song CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application TechnologyNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Baotou Hidyree Technology Co. Ltd.Baotou 014030China Hangzhou Permanent Magnet Group Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 311231China Ningbo Permanent Magnetics Co. Ltd.Ningbo 315201China Fujian Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Functional Materials Longyan 366300China

The grain boundary diffusion process(GBDP)of Tb can improve the coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.In this study,the effect of AI on the diffusion of Tb in the GBDP was investigated.The content of diffused Tb-Al was precisely controlled by adjusting the magnetron sputtering process.The Tb equivalent of Al was also studied.Results show that AI promotes the diffusion of Tb deeper into the magnet,reducing the thickness of the shell in the core-shell structure.This study is helpful for further developing the process,reducing the consumption of heavy rare earth elements(Tb),and improving the coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.

关键词： Sintered Nd-Fe-Bmagnet Heavy rare earth elements grain boundary diffusion process Coercivity

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