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Designing of anisotropic Gradient surfaces for directional liquid transport:Fundamentals,construction,and applications

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The Innovation 2023年第6期4卷 115-131页

作者： Lanlan Hou Xiaofei Liu Xinran Ge Rongjun Hu Zhimin Cui Nu WangYong Zhao Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Minitry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and DevicesSchool of ChemistryBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Printing and Packaging Engineer Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationBeiing 102600China Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBejjing 100190China Institute of Applied Chemistry Jiangxi Academy of SciencesNanchang 330096China

Many biological surfaces are capable of transporting liquids in a directional manner without energy consumption.Inspired by nature,constructing asymmetric Gradient surfaces to achieve desired droplet transport,such as a liquid diode,brings an incredibly valuable and promising area of research with a wide range of applications.Enabled by advances in nano-technology and manufacturing techniques,biomimetics has emerged as a promising avenue for engineering various types of anisotropic material system.Over the past few decades,this approach has yielded significant progressin both fundamental understanding and practical applications.Theoretical studies revealed that the heterogeneous composition and topography mainly govern the wetting mechanisms and dynamics behavior of droplets,including the interdisciplinary aspects of materials,chemistry,and physics.In this review,we provide a concise overview of various biological surfaces that exhibit anisotropic droplet transport.We discussed the theoretical foundations and mechanisms of droplet motion on designed surfaces and reviewed recent research advances in droplet directional transport on designed plane surfaces and Janus membranes.Such liquid-diode materials yield diverse promising applications,involving droplet collection,liquid separation and delivery,functional textiles,and biomedical applications.We also discuss the recent challenges and ongoing approaches to enhance the functionality and application performance of anisotropic materials.

关键词： anisotropic directional Gradient

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A fabrication method for adaptive dielectric Gradient insulating components

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High Voltage 2023年第1期8卷 59-69页

作者： Zikui Shen Zhidong Jia Yanpeng Hao Zhenyu Xin Xilin Wang School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Shenzhen International Graduate School(SIGS) Tsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina

Dielectric Gradient components have advantages in electric field mitigation and insulation improvement.In this paper,we propose a fabrication method for adaptive dielectric Gradient components using in situ AC electric field,including the mechanism and the corresponding operational procedures for industrial applications.Based on the electric polarisation and self-assembly effect of the filler particles in the liquid matrix,the chainlike structure in the high field strength region is constructed to enhance the local permittivity and mitigate the maximum of the spatial electric field.The dielectric Gradient basin insulator is prepared by this method,and its flashover voltage is increased by 12.8%compared with that of a homogeneous dielectric basin insulator,and the improvement is 20.8%when metal particles are present on the surface.The more non-uniform the initial electric field is,the greater the improvement in flashover voltage.This method is expected to promote the industrial application of dielectric Gradient insulating components.

关键词： dielectric Gradient method

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温度诱导的梯度锡-铅基混合卤素钙钛矿光电探测器

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Science China Materials 2023年第12期66卷 4697-4703页

作者：刘连松曹风人边刘康王孟孙浩轩李亮 School of Physical Science and Technology Center for Energy Conversion Materials&Physics(CECMP)Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin FilmsSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China

无机锡(Sn)–铅(Pb)基混合卤素钙钛矿由于其宽的响应波长范围和高的热稳定性,比有机–无机复合铅基卤素钙钛矿更具有吸引力.为了进一步提高Sn–Pb基混合卤素钙钛矿器件的性能,有必要进一步操纵载流子分离和复合.本文提出了一种基于梯度... 详细信息

无机锡(Sn)–铅(Pb)基混合卤素钙钛矿由于其宽的响应波长范围和高的热稳定性,比有机–无机复合铅基卤素钙钛矿更具有吸引力.为了进一步提高Sn–Pb基混合卤素钙钛矿器件的性能,有必要进一步操纵载流子分离和复合.本文提出了一种基于梯度无机CsPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I3的自驱动光电探测器.通过调节退火温度优化CsPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I3基钙钛矿膜中Sn和Pb梯度分布的程度,最终,最优的梯度钙钛矿器件表现出高的响应度(0.18 A W^(−1)),大的比探测率(2.5×10^(12)Jones),和快的响应速率(58.9/42μs),与之前报道的大多数Sn–Pb混合或纯Sn钙钛矿光电探测器性能相当.器件性能的提高主要归因于梯度分布诱导的能带弯曲促进了光生载流子的分离和传输.

关键词： tin-lead halide perovskite Gradient photodetector

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In situ generation of Li_(3)N concentration Gradient in 3D carbon-based lithium anodes towards highly-stable lithium metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第1期76卷 648-656,I0016页

作者： Wenzhu Cao Weimin Chen Mi Lu Cheng Zhang Du Tian Liang Wang Faquan Yu Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory for Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry TechnologyHubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205HubeiChina Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China

The uncontrolled dendrite growth of lithium metal anodes(LMAs)caused by unstable anode/electrolyte interface and uneven lithium deposition have impeded the practical applications of lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Constructing a robust artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and regulating the lithium deposition behavior is an effective strategy to address these issues.Herein,a three-dimensional(3D)lithium anode with Gradient Li_(3)N has been in-situ fabricated on carbon-based framework by thermal diffusion method(denoted as CC/Li/Li_(3)N).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that Li_(3)N can effectively promote the transport of Li^(+)due to the low energy barrier of Li^(+)diffusion.As expected,the Li_(3)N-rich conformal artificial SEI film can not only effectively stabilize the interface and avoid parasitic reactions,but also facilitate fast Li^(+)transport across the SEI layer.The anode matrix with uniformly distributed Li3N can enable homogenous deposition of Li,thus preventing Li dendrite propagation.Benefiting from these merits,the CC/Li/Li_(3)N anode achieves ultralong-term cycling for>1000 h at a current density of 2 m A cm^(-2)and dendrite-free Li deposition at an ultrahigh rate of 20 m A cm^(-2).Moreover,the full cells coupled with LiFePO4cathodes show extraordinary cycling stability for>300 cycles in liquidelectrolyte-based batteries and display a high-capacity retention of 96.7%after 100 cycles in solid-state cells,demonstrating the promising prospects for the practical applications of LMBs.

关键词： Li_(3)N Gradient Three-dimensional host Interphase Lithium metal anode

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Improved Mechanical Properties in Carbon Martensitic Steel Achieved by Continuous Carbon Gradient and Multilayered Structure

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第12期36卷 2069-2078页

作者： Jian Wang Jiantao Fan Liming Fu Aidang Shan School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Materials and Precision Forming Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Increasing carbon content in martensite enhances the strength of carbon steel but reduces ductility and toughness.In this study,a multilayered carbon Gradient steel was developed to overcome this trade-off by stacking high-carbon(1 wt%)and low-carbon(0.2 wt%)steel plates through preliminary diffusion and multi-pass hot rolling.The resulting microstructure showed a continuous Gradient from high-carbon martensite to low-carbon martensite.After low-temperature tempering,the tempered samples exhibited hardness fluctuations along the normal direction,with a maximum value of approximately 700 HV or more in high-carbon regions and a lower value of 500 HV or less in low-carbon regions.Compared to low-carbon steel,the sample tempered at 200℃showed significant improvements in both strength and ductility,with 1880 MPa ultimate tensile strength and 4.7%uniform elongation.This larger uniform elongation than that of the plain low-carbon steel can be attributed to the greater strain hardening rate in high-carbon regions with a high carbon solid solution strengthening.Simultaneously,it is believed that more slip systems in high-carbon regions could be activated under the multiaxial stress around the layer interface,then showing a better ductility than that of the plain high-carbon steel.Additionally,the Gradient structure between different regions effectively helped to avoid abrupt stress and deliver multiaxial stress at any location along the normal direction.The stepped path of the cracks under uniaxial tensile stress suggested a higher fracture toughness.

关键词： Carbon steel Multilayer Gradient Strength and ductility Multiaxial stress

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InGaN multiple quantum well based light-emitting diodes with indium composition Gradient InGaN quantum barriers

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第2期20卷 89-93页

作者： SANG Xien XU Yuan YIN Mengshuang WANG Fang LIOU Juin J LIU Yuhuai National Center for International Joint Research of Electronic Materials and Systems International Joint-Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Systems of Henan ProvinceSchool of Electrical and Information EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Institute of Intelligence Sensing Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Research Institute of Industrial Technology Co. Ltd.Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Zhengzhou Way Do Electronics Co. Ltd.Zhengzhou 450001China School of Electrical and Information Engineering North Minzu UniversityYinchuan 750001China1

To improve the internal quantum efficiency(IQE)and light output power of In Ga N light-emitting diodes(LEDs),we proposed an In-composition Gradient increase and decrease In Ga N quantum barrier structure.Through analysis of its P-I graph,carrier concentration,and energy band diagram,the results showed that when the current was 100 m A,the In-composition Gradient decrease quantum barrier(QB)structure could effectively suppress electron leakage while improving hole injection efficiency,resulting in an increase in carrier concentration in the active region and an improvement in the effective recombination rate in the quantum well(QW).As a result,the IQE and output power of the LED were effectively improved.

关键词： diodes quantum Gradient

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Semantic Based Greedy Levy Gradient Boosting Algorithm for Phishing Detection

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第5期41卷 525-538页

作者： R.Sakunthala Jenni S.Shankar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hindusthan College of Engineering and TechnologyCoimbatore641032India

The detection of phishing and legitimate websites is considered a great challenge for web service providers because the users of such websites are indistinguishable.Phishing websites also create traffic in the entire network.Another phishing issue is the broadening malware of the entire network,thus highlighting the demand for their detection while massive datasets(i.e.,big data)are processed.Despite the application of boosting mechanisms in phishing detection,these methods are prone to significant errors in their output,specifically due to the combination of all website features in the training state.The upcoming big data system requires MapReduce,a popular parallel programming,to process massive datasets.To address these issues,a probabilistic latent semantic and greedy levy Gradient boosting(PLS-GLGB)algorithm for website phishing detection using MapReduce is proposed.A feature selection-based model is provided using a probabilistic intersective latent semantic preprocessing model to minimize errors in website phishing detection.Here,the missing data in each URL are identified and discarded for further processing to ensure data quality.Subsequently,with the preprocessed features(URLs),feature vectors are updated by the greedy levy divergence Gradient(model)that selects the optimal features in the URL and accurately detects the websites.Thus,greedy levy efficiently differentiates between phishing websites and legitimate websites.Experiments are conducted using one of the largest public corpora of a website phish tank dataset.Results show that the PLS-GLGB algorithm for website phishing detection outperforms stateof-the-art phishing detection methods.Significant amounts of phishing detection time and errors are also saved during the detection of website phishing.

关键词： Web service providers probabilistic intersective latent semantic greedy levy divergence Gradient phishing detection big data

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THE EXISTENCE AND BLOW-UP OF THE RADIAL SOLUTIONS OF A(k_(1),k_(2))-HESSIAN SYSTEM INVOLVING A NONLINEAR OPERATOR AND Gradient

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2022年第4期42卷 1414-1426页

作者：王国涛杨泽栋徐家发张丽红 School of Mathematics and Computer Science Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030031China School of Mathematical Sciences Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China

In this paper,we are concerned with the existence of the positive bounded and blow-up radial solutions of the(k1,k2)-Hessian system■where G is a nonlinear operator,Ki=Ski(λ(D^(2) z_(i)))+ψ_(i)(|x|)|▽_(zi)|^(ki),i=1,2.Under the appropriate conditions on gi and g2,our main results are obtained by using the monotone iterative method and the Arzela-Ascoli theorem.Furthermore,our main results also extend the previous existence results for both the single equation and systems.

关键词： (k_(1),k_(2))-Hessian system nonlinear operator blow-up monotone iterative method Gradient

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Spectrum projection with a bandgap-Gradient perovskite cell for colour perception

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 466-478页

作者： Mei-Na Zhang Xiaohan Wu Antoine Riaud Xiao-Lin Wang Fengxian Xie Wen-Jun Liu Yongfeng Mei David Wei Zhang Shi-Jin Ding State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Lighting Technology Ministry of EducationFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Materials Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Optoelectronic devices for light or spectral signal detection are desired for use in a wide range of applications,including sensing,imaging,optical communications,and in situ characterization.However,existing photodetectors indicate only light intensities,whereas multiphotosensor spectrometers require at least a chip-level assembly and can generate redundant signals for applications that do not need detailed spectral information.Inspired by human visual and psychological light perceptions,the compression of spectral information into representative intensities and colours may simplify spectrum processing at the device level.Here,we propose a concept of spectrum projection using a bandgap-Gradient semiconductor cell for intensity and colour perception.Bandgap-Gradient perovskites,prepared by a halide-exchanging method via dipping in a solution,are developed as the photoactive layer of the cell.The fabricated cell produces two output signals:one shows linear responses to both photon energy and flux,while the other depends on only photon flux.Thus,by combining the two signals,the single device can project the monochromatic and broadband spectra into the total photon fluxes and average photon energies(i.e.,intensities and hues),which are in good agreement with those obtained from a commercial photodetector and spectrometer.Under changing illumination in real time,the prepared device can instantaneously provide intensity and hue results.In addition,the flexibility and chemical/bio-sensing of the device via colour comparison are demonstrated.Therefore,this work shows a human visual-like method of spectrum projection and colour perception based on a single device,providing a paradigm for high-efficiency spectrum-processing applications.

关键词： projection perovskite Gradient

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Asymmetric transmission of acoustic waves in a waveguide via Gradient index metamaterials

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Science Bulletin 2019年第12期64卷 808-813页

作者： Wen-Kang Cao Li-Ting Wu Cheng Zhang Jun-Chen Ke Qiang Cheng Tie-Jun Cui Yun Jing State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Department of Radio EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

We demonstrate that asymmetric acoustic wave transmission in a waveguide can be achieved via Gradient index metamaterials(GIMs). We theoretically prove that the acoustic wave can be efficiently converted to surface waves(SWs) via GIMs. The GIMs in a waveguide can allow the transmission of acoustic waves in one direction but block them in the other direction. This theory is validated by experiments. Our findings may provide new applications in various scenarios such as high-efficiency acoustic couplers and noise control.

关键词： Asymmetric transmission Surface waves Gradient index metamaterials Waveguide

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