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Epidemiological investigation on mercury contamination in gold mining and its effect on health

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2000年第S1期12卷 109-114页

In this paper, it is reported the environmental contamination of mercury in gold mining in China and the effect of mercury exposure on health. The results showed that Hg concentration of air in the Hg\|use workshop, the mining area and the population's living area were 0.058 mg/m 3, 0.047 mg/m 3 and 0.043 mg/m 3, respectively. Hg content of air in the suburbs 5 km from the mining area was 0.007 mg/m 3. The difference in Hg concentration of air was statistically significant ( p mining area and the population's living area ( p >0.05). All of the values determined above were excessed the Chinese national standards. Hg concentration of snowfall and soil in the mining area were 0.058 mg/L and 2.78 μg/g. Both of them differed from those of the living area ( pmining area ( p gold mining area was polluted by Hg vapor in varying degrees. The population w

关键词： gold mining mercury environment health

Exposure of aboriginal people to methylmercury due to gold mining in the Amazon, Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2000年第S1期12卷 45-50页

作者： Hirokatsu Akagi 1, Koichi Haraguchi 1, Yoshihide Kinjo 1, Olaf Malm 2, Fernando J. P. Branches 2, Jeans R. J. Guimaraes 2 (1.National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata, Kumamoto 867, Japan 2. Institute de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho,

This paper outlines the results of our study aiming at evaluating the actual extent of human exposure to Hg mainly in Tapajos River Basin in central Amazonia, which is considered to be the oldest and most productive gold mining area in the Amazon. Human hair and blood as well as fish samples were collected from gold mining areas and various fishing villages located at different distances from main gold mining areas, and analyzed for total mercury(T Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) with new methods recently being developed in our laboratory. The results to date showed the inhabitants of fishing villages particularly in the upstream Tapajos areas were constantly exposed to MeHg at abnormally high levels, with little confounding exposure to inorganic Hg. A highly significant correlation between Hg in hair and blood was observed in fishing villages, and the ratios of hair Hg to blood Hg were very close to 250g, generally established for MeHg. While, the levels of MeHg in hair and blood of gold miners and goldshop workers were low, indicating that they were mainly exposed to Hg in inorganic form. From these data, together with the levels of MeHg in fish, Hg contamination mechanisms are discussed.

关键词： methylmercury pollution human exposure gold mining Amazon

Physical and Metals Impact of Traditional gold mining on Soils in Kombo-Laka Area (Meiganga, Cameroon)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第9期7卷 1102-1121页

作者： Ekengele Nga Léopold Danala Danga Sabine Zo’o Zame Philémon Myung Chae Jung Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of YaoundeI Yaounde Cameroon Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering Sejong University Seoul South Korea

Concentrations of metals (As, Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn) in soil samples from Kombo-Laka were investigated. The area under study is subjected to traditional gold mining and receives various wastes from miners and mining activities. Direct observations on the field displayed the destruction of soils by this activity. An assessment of pollution was performed using an Enrichment Factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). Levels of As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb and Sb in soil samples were above average in the Upper Continental Crust (UCC). EF revealed anthropogenic sources for Cd, As and Sb in these soils. Igeo indicates that Kombo-Laka soils are moderately to extremely polluted with As and Sb. There are high to very high positive correlations among the metals suggesting their possible common sources. This study reveals that traditional gold mining activities in the area are harmful to the environment.

关键词： Kombo-Laka Soils gold mining Pollution Heavy Metals

Development and Application of Water Quality Index (WQI) for the Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in gold mining Areas of Southeastern Senegal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第2期15卷 33-50页

作者： Mor Diop Ibrahima Mall El Hadji Mamadou Sonko Tidiane Diop Liengsy Badji Cheikh Mbow Environmental Sciences Institute (ISE) Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Amadou Mahtar Mbow University of Diamniadio (UAM) Dakar Senegal Department of Chemical Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Dentistry Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Water is the most essential requirement for life. It provides a variety of purposes such as a source of water supply for drinking, domestic and industrial use, irrigated agriculture, livestock, and mining activities. Evaluating the status of water quality from traditional approaches does not guarantee the whole overview of the water quality situation. Therefore, developing a tool that can convert multiple parameters data into information that is understandable by both technical and non-technical personnel is vital. In this context, the purpose of this paper was to develop, calculate, and apply a water quality index for assessing the suitability (for drinking purposes) of groundwater in the gold mining areas in south-eastern Senegal. The development of this index based on WHO water quality guidelines followed the five standards steps i.e., parameters selection, sub-index formation, parameters weighting and sub-index aggregation and evaluation. Finally, the WQI summarized twelve key water quality parameters into 05 simple terms (excellent, good, medium, poor, and very poor) which is more relevant for reporting to managers and the public in a consistent manner. Thus, it was observed in the study area, that the water quality indexes in artisanal and industrial mining areas are either poor or very poor while in the reference stations (where there are no mining activities) WQI are either good or excellent. This situation was attributed to the effects of mining activities in such zones which contribute to the pollution of groundwater with heavy metals, nitrates, and suspended solids.

关键词： Water Quality Index Groundwater gold mining Pollution Heavy Metals

Determination of mercury and its fractionation products in samples from legacy use of mercury amalgam in gold processing in Randfontein,South Africa

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第3期2卷 157-165页

作者： Tshia Malehase Adegbenro P.Daso Jonathan O.Okonkwo Department of Environmental Water and Earth SciencesTshwane University of TechnologyPrivate Bag X680175 Nelson Mandela DriveArcadiaPretoria0001South Africa

This study aimed at determining the levels of total mercury(THg)in tailings dams,soil,sediments and water samples collected in the vicinity of legacy mercury amalgam gold *** digestion was employed in sample digestion followed by analysis using *** dams,community and garden soil,and stream sediments were further investigated for mercury fractions using a five step sequential extraction *** concentrations of THg in tailings dams,community and gardens soil were 0.890e6.755 mg/g,0.431e0.968 mg/g and 0.471e1.019 mg/g,respectively and the concentrations of THg in the sediments obtained from tailings dams,streams and wetlands were 0.649e1.998 mg/g,0.604 e1.356 mg/g and 0.681e1.356 mg/g,*** concentrations of THg,in aqueous samples obtained from tailings,streams and wetlands were 0.032e0.070 mg/l,0.004e0.068 mg/l and 0.007e0.012 mg/l,*** sequential extraction procedure showed that most Hg in the tailings dams was largely elemental Hg and Hg bound to *** and sediments were largely dominated by organic bound *** seasonal correlation was observed in tailings dams soil,but weak seasonal correlation in soils collected in the vicinity of ***,a strong seasonal correlationwas observed in sediments and water *** concentrations of Hg obtained largely existed in organic and sulphate bound Hg and there is elevated potential to methylate Hg.

关键词： Mercury concentrations Fractions gold mining Legacy amalgam Tailing dams Soil Sediment Water Speciation

Functional responses to deforestation in fish communities inhabiting neotropical streams and rivers

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 716-732页

作者： Isabel Cantera Céline Jézéquel Tony Dejean Jérôme Murienne Régis Vigouroux Alice Valentini Sébastien Brosse Department of Environmental Science and Policy Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoVia Celoria 2620133 MilanItaly Laboratoire Evolution et DiversitéBiologique UMR5174-UniversitéPaul SabatierCNRSIRD118 Route de Narbonne31062 ToulouseFrance SPYGEN Savoie Technolac-BP 27417 Rue du Lac Saint-André73375 Le Bourget-du-Lac CedexFrance HYDRECO Laboratoire Environnement de Petit SautB.P 82397388 Kourou CedexFrench GuianaFrance

Background Deforestation is a widespread disturbance for neotropical freshwater *** biodiversity declines have been associated with deforestation,its functional consequences for stream and river fish faunas remain poorly *** this study,we explored how deforestation affects the different facets of the functional structure of fish communities inventoried using environmental DNA metabarcoding in 64 river and 35 stream sites of French ***,we investigated how functional richness,divergence,evenness and identity of fish faunas are affected by *** We showed that anthropogenic disturbances in French Guiana are modifying the functional diversity of freshwater fish *** disturbances not only affected the amount of functional traits held by the communities but also the identity of the traits and the internal structure of the functional ***,different facets of the functional diversity supported by fish assemblages were *** streams,deforestation did not affect the overall diversity of traits but reduced functional redundancy,underlined by a shift in functional identity towards assemblages dominated by pelagic *** contrast,river fish faunas experienced a decline in functional richness,paired with shifts in functional identity and a loss of fish species with extreme *** The response to deforestation differed between streams and rivers,but it supports the hypothesis that deforestation is linked to functional changes in fish *** diminishing the range of the functions in rivers or by jeopardizing the redundancy of functions in streams,deforestation could severely hamper the functioning and stability of neotropical freshwater ecosystems.

关键词： eDNA Traits Functional space Richness Divergence Evenness Identity gold mining

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Occupational Health Hazards among Large-Scale gold Mineworkers in Ghana

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2022年第3期10卷 149-166页

作者： Emmanuel Dartey Isaac Monney Kofi Sarpong Collins Kuffour Department of Chemistry Education Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Mampong Ashanti Ghana Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation Education Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Mampong Ashanti Ghana

Introduction: The mining industry ranks among the most hazardous occupations globally owing to the high prevalence of workplace accidents. To better protect workers in the industry, there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of risk factors, common illnesses and provision of PPE. Objective: This study examined the prevalence and underlying risk factors to work-related injuries, common illnesses, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage among mineworkers in two large-scale mining companies in Ghana that consented to participation. Methodology: Two hundred mineworkers were selected through stratified sampling in these companies using a semi-structured questionnaire. Chi-square test and binomial logistic regression were employed to determine the relationship between the incidence of occupational injury and selected risk factors using R studio. Results: The results showed that more than a tenth (16%;n = 31) of mineworkers had sustained physical injuries since being employed—mostly lacerations (53%). Out of those injured, (85%;n = 22) reportedly sustain an injury annually. A little more than half (57%;n = 112) of the mineworkers work for more than 40 hours per week. Injuries were significantly associated with the type of profession at the mine (p = 0.04;χ2 = 4.3)—Technicians and Mechanics were more likely to be injured. Although not statistically significant, working for more than 40 hours/week doubled the odds of being injured at the workplace (aOR = 1.77;95% CI: -0.27 - 1.48). The topmost illnesses among mineworkers were musculoskeletal pains (MSPs) [53%] and headaches (35%). About two-thirds (65%) had all the needed PPEs for their work. Safety goggles were the predominant PPE reportedly lacking among the mineworkers (16%;n = 31). Conclusion: There is a need for targeted training/intervention programmes and adoption of assistive ergonomic devices to protect mineworkers.

关键词： Occupational Health Safety gold mining Injury Illnesses Ghana

Isolation and Assessment of Cyanide Biodegradation Potential of Indigenous Bacteria from Contaminated Soil

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第10期13卷 716-731页

作者： Ynoussa Maiga Suzanne Young Kevin D. Orner James R. Mihelcic Valerie J. Harwood Aboubakar Sidiki Ouattara Laboratory of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Integrative Biology University of South Florida Tampa FL USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of South Florida Tampa FL USA

Eight effective bacterial strains were isolated from cyanide-contaminated soil, from which, two (S11 and S13) were tested to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration using potassium cyanide (KCN) and potassium tetracyano nickelate (K2Ni(CN) 4). The isolates were tested for their KCN biodegradation potential (by measuring ammonia production) at neutral and alkaline pHs (7.0 and 9.0). Furthermore, the effect of the initial KCN concentration on biodegradation was evaluated at the optimal pH using nitrogen free M9 medium, supplemented with KCN as nitrogen source. The results showed that both strains tolerated cyanide concentrations of up to 10 × 10-3 mol⋅l-1 (0.651 g⋅l-1 KCN;2.409 g⋅l-1 K2Ni(CN)4) which makes them good candidates for cyanide bioremediation. For both strains, a change of initial pH from 7.0 to 9.0 significantly enhanced KCN degradation. S13 grown at pH 9.0 and S11 cultivated at pH 7.0 released the highest and lowest amounts of ammonia, respectively. For both strains, the release of ammonia increased when the initial KCN concentration increased from 10-3 to 5 × 10-3 mol⋅l-1. These findings open prospects for the application of these bacteria for remediation of cyanide-contaminated soils and wastewater at alkaline pH, alkaline pH being conditions that prevent cyanide volatilization.

关键词： Bioremediation Biotechnology Cyanide Hazardous Waste gold mining pH

Toward better understanding of the status of mercury in the environment in China and its contribution to the global mercury cycle

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Acta Geochimica 2006年第S1期 237-238页

作者： Julia LU1, Xinbin FENG2, Qi WAN2, Yongqing JIN3,1, Xiaojuan WANG3,1, Junxia WANG4, Xinjie SONG1, Tangdong YAO4, Chengxiao ZHANG3 1 Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3 2 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, China 3 School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China 4 Institute of Tibetan Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China