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Constraints on the utilization of cereal straw in lactating dairy cows:A review from the perspective of systems biology

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 240-248页

作者： Bing Wang Huizeng Sun Diming Wang Hongyun Liu Jianxin Liu Institute of Dairy Science MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionCollege of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Cereal straw,a human inedible crop byproduct,can be used as a roughage source in ***,the nutrition density and palatability are very low,limiting its efficient utilization in animal *** review aims to systematically provide an overview of the limitations of cereal straws,which is crucial for developing new strategies to enhance the efficient use of cereal straws by lactating dairy *** molecular biology makes it possible to comprehensively understand the limitations of using cereal straw as a roughage source in dairy cows by different techniques,e.g.,*** constraints for utilization of cereal straw and stover in lactating dairy cows include low contents of easily fermented carbohydrates(pectin)and essential amino acids(Met,Phe,and branched-chain amino acids),high content of lignin and silica,and low nutrient *** cause insufficient supply of the precursors for milk synthesis and result in increased loss of nutrients in feces and *** molecular mechanisms are revealed by multi-omics techniques,including changed amino acid and glucose metabolism,altered rumen microbial composition and function,and differential expression of miRNAs,mRNA,and protein in multi-organs that are associated with milk *** can be targets of approaches to improve the utilization of cereal straw by dairy *** addition,much attention should be given to the efficient countermeasures,including pretreatments by fibrolytic enzymes or steam explosion,dietary formulations such as supplement of pectin,methionine,and branched-chain amino acids,and feeding with other functional feedstuffs,which may improve the feeding and economic value of cereal straw for lactating dairy *** newly revealed functional genes(such as BAG3 in the rumen,PC in the liver,CSN1S2 in the mammary gland)and biomarkers(hippuric acid)as well as the integrative signaling and metabolic pathways(phenylalanine metabolism)related to the shortages

关键词： Amino acid metabolism Cereal straw glucose utilization Metabolites Rumen microbiome

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Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase improves carbohydrate utilization in Nile tilapia by regulating PDK2/4-PDHE1αaxis and insulin sensitivity

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 25-37页

作者： Yuan Luo Wenhao Zhou Ruixin Li Samwel MLimbu Fang Qiao Liqiao Chen Meiling Zhang Zhen-Yu Du LANEH School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China University of Dar Es Salaam Department of Aquaculture TechnologyDar Es Salaam 60091Tanzania UDSM-ECNU Joint Research Center for Aquaculture and Fish Biology(JRCAFB) Dar Es Salaam 60091Tanzania ECNU-UDSM Joint Research Center for Aquaculture and Fish Biology(JRCAFB) Shanghai 200241China

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases(PDKs)-pyruvate dehydrogenase E1αsubunit(PDHE1α)axis plays an important role in regulating glucose metabolism in ***,the regulatory function of PDKsPDHE1α axis in the glucose metabolism of fish is not well *** study determined whether PDKs inhibition could enhance PDHE1αactivity,and improve glucose catabolism in *** tilapia fingerlings(1.90±0.11 g)were randomly divided into 4 treatments in triplicate(30 fish each)and fed control diet without dichloroacetate(DCA)(38% protein,7% lipid and 45% corn starch)and the control diet supplemented with DCA,which inhibits PDKs through binding the allosteric sites,at 3.75(DCA3.75),7.50(DCA7.50)and 11.25 g/kg(DCA11.25),for 6 *** results showed that DCA3.75,DCA7.50 and DCA11.25significantly increased weight gain,carcass ratio and protein efficiency ratio(Pglucose oxidative catabolism and glycogen synthesis in the liver,but significantly reduced the conversion of glucose to lipid(Pglucose utilization in Nile tilapia by activating PDHE1αan

关键词： Dichloroacetate glucose utilization Insulin sensitivity Nile tilapia PDK2/4-PDHE1αaxis

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Effects of different free fatty acids on insulin resistance in rats

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2008年第1期7卷 91-96页

作者： Han, Ping Zhang, Yong-Yan Lu, Yan He, Bing Zhang, Wei Xia, Fei China Med Univ Affiliated Shengjing Hosp Dept Endocrinol Shenyang 110004 Peoples R China

BACKGROUND: Much evidence demonstrates that elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with insulin resistance. However, it is not clear whether different FFAs can cause different degrees of peripheral insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term elevation of FFAs on hepatic and peripheral insulin action, and determine whether FFAs with different degrees of saturation have differential effects on hepatic insulin resistance. METHODS: Intralipid+heparin (IH, polyunsaturated fatty acids), oleate (OLE), lard oil+heparin (LOH), and saline (SAL) were separately infused intravenously for 7 hours in normal Wistar rats. During the last 2 hours of the fat/saline infusion, a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping was performed with [6-H-3] glucose tracer. Plasma glucose was measured using the glucose oxygenase method. Plasma insulin and C-peptide were determined by radioimmunoassays. Plasma FFAs were measured using a colorimetric method. RESULTS: Compared with infusion of SAL, plasma FFA levels were significantly elevated by infusions of IH, OLE, and LOH (Pglucose production (HGP) than SAL (Pglucose utilization (GU) was decreased with all three fat infusions relative to SAL (P<0.001), but GU did not differ among the three types of fat infusions. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term elevation of FFAs can induce hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids induced less hepatic insulin resistance than monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids. However, IH, OLE, and LOH infusions induced similar peripheral insulin resistance.

关键词： free fatty acids insulin resistance hepatic glucose production glucose utilization

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Oral glucose tolerance test in diabetes,the old method revisited

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第6期12卷 786-793页

作者： Feng Yu Kuo Kai-Chun Cheng Yingxiao Li Juei-Tang Cheng Cardiovascular Center Veterans General HospitalKaohsiung 82445Taiwan Department of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy and Health CareTajen UniversityPingtung 90741Taiwan Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine and Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesKagoshima UniversityKagoshima 890-8544Japan Department of Nursing Tzu Chi University of Science and TechnologyHualien 973302Taiwan Department of Medical Research Chi-Mei Medical CenterTainan 71004Taiwan

The oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)has been widely used both in clinics and in basic research for a long *** is applied to diagnose impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus in ***,it has been employed in research to investigate glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity in *** main aim of each was quite different,and the details are also somewhat ***,the time or duration of the OGTT was the same,using the 2-h post-glucose load glycemia in both,following the suggestions of the American Diabetes ***,the use of 30-min or 1-h post-glucose load glycemia in clinical practice has been recommended by several *** this review article,we describe this new view and suggest perspectives for the ***,quantification of the glucose curve in basic research is also *** in clinical practice,the incremental area under the curve is not suitable for use in the studies involving animals receiving repeated treatments or chronic *** discuss the potential mechanisms in ***,variations between bench and bedside in the application of the OGTT are ***,the newly identified method for the OGTT must achieve a recommendation from the American Diabetes Association or another official unit *** conclusion,we summarize the recent reports regarding the OGTT and add some of our own perspectives,including machine learning and others.

关键词： Oral glucose tolerance test Impaired glucose tolerance glucose utilization Type 2 diabetes Area under the curve

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