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Future variation of land surface temperature in the Yangtze River Basinbasedon CMIP6 model

International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 2776-2796页

作者： Jinlian Liu Hanya Tang Fengqin Yan Shiwei Liu Xuguang Tang Zhi Ding Pujia Yu Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingPeople’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingPeople’s Republic of China

In recent years,past changes in global and regional land surface temperatures(LST)have been well studied,however,future LST changes have been largely ignored owing to data limitations.In this study,three climate variables of CMIP6,namely air temperature(AT),precipitation(Pre),and leaf area index(LAl),were spatially corrected using the Delta downscaling method.On this basis,by combining MODIS LST,elevation,slope and aspect,a random forest(RF)model was built to calculate the LST from 2022 to 2100.The absolute variability(AV)and Mann-Kendall(M-K)tests were used to quantitatively detect interannual and seasonal LST changes in different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)scenarios.The results showed that the AV value increased successively from SSP1-2.6 to SSP2-4.5 and then to SSP5-8.5.Compared with the base period(2003-2021),the increment in interannual,spring,summer and autumn LST during 2022-2100 was mainly between 1 and 2°℃under threescenarios.The interannual and seasonal LST were spatially characterized by significant warming over large areas,and the increasing was the fastest under SSP5-8.5.These results indicate that,in the future,LST will increase further over large areas,especially in winter.

关键词： Temporal and spatial changes Delta downscaling Random forest global warming

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Projected Regional 1.50℃and 2.00℃warming Threshold-crossing Time Worldwide Using the CMIP6 Models

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Chinese Geographical Science 2023年第6期33卷 1095-1108页

作者： MENG Yali DUAN Keqin SHANG Wei SHI Peihong LI Shuangshuang CHENG Ying CHEN Rong ZHANG Zhaopeng School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an710119China

The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2.00℃and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.50℃.However,the response of climate change to unbalanced global warming is affected by spatial and temporal sensitivities.To better understand the regional warming response to global warming at 1.50℃and 2.00℃,we detected the 1.50℃and 2.00℃warming threshold-crossing time(WTT)above pre-industrial levels globally using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6)models.Our findings indicate that the 1.50℃or 2.00℃WTT differs substantially worldwide.The warming rate of land would be approximately 1.35–1.46 times that of the ocean between 60°N–60°S in 2015–2100.Consequently,the land would experience a 1.50℃(2.00℃)warming at least 10–20 yr earlier than the time when the global mean near-surface air temperature reaches 1.50℃(2.00℃)WTT.Meanwhile,the Southern Ocean between 0°and 60°S considerably slows down the global 1.50℃and 2.00℃WTT.In 2040–2060,over 98.70%(77.50%),99.70%(89.30%),99.80%(93.40%),and 100.00%(98.00%)of the land will have warmed by over 1.50℃(2.00℃)under SSP(Shared Socioeconomic Pathway)1–2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,and SSP5-8.5,respectively.We conclude that regional 1.50℃(2.00℃)WTT should be fully considered,especially in vulnerable high-latitude and high-altitude regions.

关键词： CMIP6(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6) global warming 1.50℃warming time 2.00℃warming time regional differences

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Variation in Short-term Temperature Fluctuations Across China During the Past 60 Years

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Chinese Geographical Science 2022年第4期32卷 563-579页

作者： HE Yunchuan DENG Jianming ZHANG Yunlin DING Yanqing QIN Boqiang Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Research Station State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Resource and Geosciences China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Short-term temperature fluctuations(STFs),including amplitude and frequency fluctuations,are one of the main features of weather and play vital roles in determining the type of ecosystem present.Although temperature fluctuations at different time scales have been extensively discussed,the research on week-scale STFs is lacking.In this study,we developed a method,that can quantify the amplitude and frequency of STFs by the thresholds from all years.We used this method to quantify the amplitude and frequency of the 7-d STFs from 1951 to 2019 across China.Our results indicate that the amplitude of the STF was much higher in the eastern part of China than in the western part,while the frequency of the STF was higher in the middle part than in the southern and northern parts;further-more,the STF was highly dependent on internal factors such as topography.The long-term STF mainly showed a decreasing trend before 1990,which implies that temperature became increasingly stable from the 1950s to the 1990s.The main influencing factors were related to topography since the trends were relatively consistent in space.A case study in Taihu Lake showed that an unstable STF in winter and summer resulted in a smaller bloom area in the following spring and autumn.Our method could eliminate seasonal effects and is capable of analyzing STFs at scales ranging from days to years.Quantifications of the amplitude and frequency also make the STF indicators more comprehensive.Furthermore,the STF increased significantly across most of China after 1990,which implies that temperature is becoming increasingly unstable.The drivers of these STFs are related to human impacts since the trends are different in space.

关键词： short-term temperature fluctuation altitude effect global warming climate change China

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Involvement of the ammonium assimilation mediated by glutamate dehydrogenase in response to heat stress in the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第5期40卷 2001-2011页

作者： Jia TANG Wenqi CAI Zhicong YAN Zhongjie WU Qianxi YANG Zhi ZHOU State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan ProvinceHainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research CenterHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences Haikou 570228China

Glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)plays an important role in the ammonium assimilation and nitrogen metabolism by catalyzing the reversible oxidative deamination of L-glutamate toα-ketoglutarate.In the present study,the potential functions of GDH in response to heat stre ss were explored in the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis(designated as PdGDH).The cDNA of PdGDH contained an open reading frame of 1611 bp encoding a polypeptide of 536 amino acids,which exhibited the highest sequence identity to GDH of Stylophora pistillata(96%identity),and the deduced PdGDH protein was predicted to contain one GdhA domain(from Val95 to Tyr525).The recombinant protein of PdGDH(rPdGDH)was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-Transetta,and its catalytic activity was measured under different temperatures,pH conditions and epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG,a GDH inhibitor)concentrations.The purified rPdGDH only used reduced coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)as coenzyme,and its highe st activity was observed at 35℃and pH 7.5,re spectively.The rPdGDH activity was negatively correlated with the concentration of EGCG,and was inhibited by more than half(65%,P0.05).Furthermore,the activities of NADH-GDH in the scleractinian coral P.damicornis increased significantly at 12 h after the heat and ammonium stress,and the NADH-GDH activity in the heat stress group(32.66 U/mg,P<0.05)was significantly higher than that in the heat and ammonium stress group(11.26 U/mg).These results collectively suggested that PdGDH,as a homologue of glutamate dehydrogenase in the scleractinian coral P.damicornis,could respond to heat stress at the protein level,which would have ability to further promote ammonium assimilation to increase the heat acclimatization of the coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbiotic association.

关键词： scleractinian coral glutamate dehydrogenase ammonium assimilation global warming heat response

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Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from five contrasting rice production systems in the tropics

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Pedosphere 2023年第6期33卷 960-971页

作者： Pradeep K.DASH Pratap BHATTACHARYYA Soumya R.PADHY Amaresh K.NAYAK Annie POONAM Sangita MOHANTY Crop Production Division Indian Council of Agriculture Research(ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute(NRRI)GuttackOdisha 753006India

Carbon footprint (CF) quantification of major rice production systems (RPSs) is a prerequisite for developing strategies for climate change mitigation in agriculture. Total life cycle greenhouse gas emissions (LC-GHGs) from rice production to consumption might provide precise CFs for RPSs. Therefore, we assessed three segments (pre-farm, on-farm, and post-farm) of LC-GHGs under five major contrasting RPSs, i.e., aerobic rice (AR), shallow lowland rice(SLR), system of rice intensification (SRI), deep water rice (DWR), and zero-tilled direct-seeded rice (ZTR), in India to determine the corresponding CFs.Carbon footprint was the lowest for ZTR, while LC-GHGs were the lowest for AR. Therefore, AR is an adequate option for short-term reduction of GHG emissions. However, ZTR might be promoted by incentives as a long-term strategy. Among segmental LC-GHGs, on-farm GHG emissions contributed less than the other two segmental GHG emissions. The post-farm (i.e., farm gate to consumption) segment contributed the largest proportion (54%–69%) of total LC-GHGs, followed by pre-farm (i.e., cradle to farm) segment (21%–27%) and on-farm operation (11%–23%). These findings suggest that post-farm components that contribute to maximum GHG emissions must be scientifically tackled with proactive policy initiatives. However, the data of this segment are limited and scattered. Therefore, real-time assessment of GHG emissions during post-farm operation and input transportation from cradle to farm requires more precise quantification. Although CF in SRI was higher, this system had the potential to achieve higher yields and better soil carbon storage. Therefore,SRI may be encouraged from the perspectives of food security and long-term sustainability by reducing GHG emissions by three to four times.

关键词： carbon-equivalent emission carbon footprint climate change mitigation global warming management practice soil carbon stock:

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Spatial-temporal dynamics of alpine grassland coverage and its response to climate warming in Mt.Qomolangma Nature Preserve during 2000-2019

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第8期19卷 2297-2311页

作者： MA Fei PENG Pei-hao College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)has the largest and highest alpine grassland ecosystem in the world,which is considered to be the most sensitive and vulnerable ecosystem to climate change.Its dynamic changes and driving mechanism have always been widely researched.The Qomolangma National Nature Preserve(QNNP),with the largest altitude difference in the world,was selected as the study area to analyse the spatial-temporal dynamics of grassland coverage and the different characteristics of elevation gradients at the southern slope(SS)and northern slope(NS)with MODIS MOD13Q1 NDVI and MOD11A2 land surface temperature data from 2000to 2019 using the Mann-Kendall trend test and Theil-Sen slope methods.Further,the response mechanism of grassland coverage to climate warming is discussed.The results revealed that from 2000 to 2019,the grassland coverage change in the study area is mainly stable.The increased area proportion of grassland coverage on the southern slope is significantly higher than that on the northern slope,and the decreased area proportion of grassland coverage on the northern slope is significantly greater than that on the southern slope.The change characteristics of grassland coverage in the QNNP exhibit an obvious elevation gradient;the higher the elevation,the greater the increased area proportion of grassland coverage,particularly on the SS.The land surface temperature can be used as a proxy for analysing the temporal and spatial variation trends of air temperature in the QNNP.With the increase of the altitude,the land surface temperature rise rate on both the southern slope and northern slope exhibited an increasing trend,and the sensitivity of grassland coverage to temperature rise was higher on the northern slope.The water condition was the decisive factor for the horizontal and vertical spatial heterogeneity of the dynamic change of grassland coverage,and the melting of glaciers and thawing of permafrost were important sources of water for grassland growth in the QNNP.Climate warming promotes the gro

关键词： Alpine grassland global warming Vegetation dynamic Elevation gradient Qomolangma

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An advection fog event response to future climate forcing in the 2030s-2080s:a case study for Shanghai

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第2期17卷 527-546页

作者： Ying GU Hiroyuki KUSAKA Quang-Van DOAN School of Air Transportation Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai 201620China Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba1-1-1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8577Japan

Fog may continue to inhibit industry in the future.Here,we focused on a specific advection fog event in Shanghai,China,and applied a pseudo global warming method to examine advection fog under the RCP8.5 highemission scenario.The method involved downscaling the future atmospheric conditions over the ensemble average of 19 global climate models from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5).We used the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with a single-layer urban canopy model(WRF‒UCM)to run four sensitivity experiments and examined the advection fog and its relationship to changes in meteorological conditions.The results showed that:1)The advection fog event tended to remain in Shanghai despite global warming;2)advection fog will not change greatly in the future;however,the onset and dissipation times will change slightly;3)relative humidity(RH)locally increases prior to the onset of the advection fog,and decreases at the dissipating stage,despite the current and future experiments having the same RH initial and boundary conditions;4)a small increase in surface air temperature and an increase in RH contribute to the early advection fog onset,and vice versa.Windspeed facilitates the early onset and dissipation of advection fog.

关键词： advection fog global warming PGW DDS WRF-UCM Shanghai

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Arctic Sea Level Variability from Oceanic Reanalysis and Observations

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第12期40卷 2362-2377页

作者： Jinping WANG Xianyao CHEN Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System Key Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China

Quantifying the contributions to Arctic sea level(ASL)variability is critical to understand how the Arctic is responsing to ongoing climate change.Here,we use Ocean Reanalysis System 5(ORAS5)reanalysis data and tide gauge and satellite altimetry observations to quantify contributions from different physical processes on the ASL variability.The ORAS5 reanalysis shows that the ASL is rising with a trend of 2.5±0.3 mm yr−1(95%confidence level)over 1979-2018,which can be attributed to four components:(i)the dominant component from the global sea level increase of 1.9±0.5 mm yr−1,explaining 69.7%of the total variance of the ASL time series;(ii)the Arctic Oscillation-induced mass redistribution between the deep central basin and shallow shelves,with no significant trend and explaining 6.3%of the total variance;(iii)the steric sea level increase centering on the Beaufort Gyre region with a trend of 0.5±0.1 mm yr−1 and explaining 29.1%of the total variance of the ASL time series;and(iv)the intrusion of Pacific water into the Arctic Ocean,with no significant trend and contributing 14.2%of the total ASL variability.Furthermore,the dramatic sea ice melting and the larger area of open water changes the impact of the large-scale atmospheric forcing on the ASL variability after 1995,and the ocean dynamic circulation plays a more important role in the ASL variability.

关键词： sea level variability Arctic Ocean sea level rise steric sea level global warming

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Which are the most favourable conditions for reducing soil CO_(2)emissions with no-tillage?Results from a meta-analysis

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第3期10卷 497-506页

作者： Simone Bregaglio Gabriele Mongiano Rossana M.Ferrara Fabrizio Ginaldi Alessandra Lagomarsino Gianfranco Rana CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentI-40128BolognaItaly CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Plant Protection and CertificationSS 11 km 2500I-13100VercelliItaly CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentI-70125BariItaly CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentI-50125FirenzeItaly

No-tillage practices have a recognised beneficial impact on soil and water conservation while reducing erosion processes and enhancing soil organic matter content.However,scientists continue to debate the effectiveness of no-tillage in reducing soil carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions from farming.Following the same line of inquiry pursued by the authors who reviewed the impact of conservative practices on direct CO_(2)emissions,we applied meta-analytic and machine learning techniques to unravel the effect of no-tillage under contrasting pedo-environmental conditions and agricultural management.We analysed fifty-six experimental studies investigating direct soil CO_(2)emissions from no-tillage and conventional tillage practices(102 paired observations),considering pedological(soil texture,soil organic carbon content),environmental(climate type),and management(crop rotation,experiment duration)factors.We estimated the effect of different practices on the daily amount of soil CO_(2)emissions,and the impact of tillage in the period immediately following the event.The main insights of this study are:(i)the conditions leading to the highest reduction of CO_(2)emissions due to no-tillage were long-term experiments(standardised mean differenceβ=0.64)conducted in arid environments(β=0.76)and clay soils(β=0.81),with low organic carbon content(β=0.79)where crop rotations(β=0.65)were performed;(ii)the same conditions were associated with the lowest absolute CO_(2)emissions,irrespective of soil management;(iii)the highest contribution to the variability of absolute soil CO_(2)emissions was associated with soil texture(mean decrease in accuracy of Random Forest models,MDA=4.57),rotation(MDA=3.07),experiment duration(MDA=2.93)and soil organic carbon content(MDA=2.24),rather than to tillage practices;(iv)soil CO_(2)emissions almost doubled in the first day after a tillage event,consistently across studies(p=0.001).This meta-analysis offers quantitative figures on the impact of tillage practices on soil CO_(2)emissions and releases

关键词： Agricultural soils Greenhouse gases global warming Net-zero agriculture

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Impact of a retrogressive thaw slump on surrounding vegetation communities in the Fenghuoshan mountains,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2023年第1期15卷 11-17页

作者： Gang Wei LaJia Weisai ZiJie Zhou XinNing Wu SiRu Gao ZiTeng Fu QingBai Wu GuanLi Jiang Environmental Geological Prospecting Bureau of Qinghai Province XiningQinghai 810008China Key Laboratory of Qinghai Environmental Geology XiningQinghai 810008China Qinghai Geological Environment Monitoring Station XiningQinghai 810008China School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang'an UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710054China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Beiluhe Observation Station of Frozen Soil Environment and Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Under global warming,permafrost around the world is experiencing degradation which is especially so on the Third Pole,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),China.Retrogressive thaw slump(RTS)is one of the thermokarst features caused by rapid degradation of ice rich permafrost,which transforms landforms and threatens infrastructures,and even affects the terrestrial carbon cycle.In this work,vegetation communities surrounding a RTS in the Fenghuoshan Mountains of the interior portion of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been investigated to examine the impact from RTS.This investigation indicates that the occurrence of RTS influences the vegetation community by altering their habitats,especially the soil water content,which forces the vegetation community to evolve in order to adapt to the alterations.In the interior part of RTS where it has been disturbed tremendously,alterations have produced a wider niche and richer plant species.This favors species of a wet environment in a habitat where it was a relatively dry environment of alpine steppe prior to the occurrence of RTS.This study adds to limited observations regarding the impact of RTS to vegetation community on the QTP and helps us to reach a broader understanding of the effects of permafrost degradation as well as global warming.

关键词： Retrogressive thaw slump Vegetation community Rapid permafrost degradation global warming Qinghai-Tibet plateau

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