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Long-term changes in the effect of drought stress on ecosystems across global drylands

Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第1期66卷 146-160页

作者： Xiaojing YU Lixia ZHANG Tianjun ZHOU Xing ZHANG LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Droughts are one of the climate extremes that occur frequently in drylands,constraining the terrestrial carbon uptake and water cycle processes.Studies about the long-term changes in the effect of drought stress on dryland ecosystems under global warming are still insufficient so far.Here we comprehensively investigate long-term changes in droughts and the effect of drought stresses on ecosystems across global drylands for 1982–2015,and further reveal changes in the configurations of the key meteorological and ecological factors of droughts,by using observation and reanalysis datasets.Climatically,the spatial patterns of intensity,occurrence,duration and severity of all drought categories across global drylands are highly consistent with each other.Associated with severe droughts,drylands witness insufficient precipitation(-12.4 mm mon^(-1)area-averaged over global drylands),warmer temperature(0.6℃),water deficit(-19.0 mm mon^(-1)),higher atmospheric aridity(0.06 k Pa),lower soil moisture(-0.03 m^(3)m^(-3)),suppressed vegetation growth and declined carbon uptake(-0.13 g C m^(-2)d^(-1)).The affected area,occurrence,duration and severity for mild to severe droughts in drylands and the anomalies of meteorological and ecological factors for all drought categories have increased significantly during 1982-2015.Specifically,when droughts occur,the precipitation deficit is weakened at a rate of 3.7–9.6 mm mon^(-1)(30 yr)^(-1),the higher temperature(atmospheric aridity)is further intensified at 0.71–0.87-1(30 yr)^(-1)(39–47 Pa(30 yr)^(-1)),the water(soil moisture)deficit is relieved at 1.7–5.1 mm mon^(-1)(30yr)^(-1)(4.1×10^(-3)–7.4×10^(-3)m^(3)m^(-3)(30 yr)^(-1)),and the suppressed vegetation growth is generally alleviated at 0.98×10^(-2)–1.2×10^(-2)(30 yr)^(-1).Since the 2000s,the increasing trend in the suppressed vegetation growth during droughts tends to stagnate over about 50%of the dryland area.By checking the probability density function,the configurations of the key meteorological and ecological factors of drought

关键词： global drylands Droughts Drought stress for ecosystem global warming

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Sensitivity of Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation to the Thornthwaite and Penman–Monteith Methods in the Study of global drylands

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第12期34卷 1381-1394页

作者： Qing YANG Zhuguo MA Ziyan ZHENG Yawen DUAN Key Laboratory of Regional Climate–Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

drylands are among those regions most sensitive to climate and environmental changes and human-induced perturbations.The most widely accepted definition of the term dryland is a ratio,called the Surface Wetness Index(SWI),of annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration(PET)being below 0.65.PET is commonly estimated using the Thornthwaite(PET Th)and Penman–Monteith equations(PET PM).The present study compared spatiotemporal characteristics of global drylands based on the SWI with PET Th and PET PM.Results showed vast differences between PET Th and PET PM;however,the SWI derived from the two kinds of PET showed broadly similar characteristics in the interdecadal variability of global and continental drylands,except in North America,with high correlation coefficients ranging from 0.58 to 0.89.It was found that,during 1901–2014,global hyper-arid and semi-arid regions expanded,arid and dry sub-humid regions contracted,and drylands underwent interdecadal fluctuation.This was because precipitation variations made major contributions,whereas PET changes contributed to a much lesser degree.However,distinct differences in the interdecadal variability of semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions were found.This indicated that the influence of PET changes was comparable to that of precipitation variations in the global dry–wet transition zone.Additionally,the contribution of PET changes to the variations in global and continental drylands gradually enhanced with global warming,and the Thornthwaite method was found to be increasingly less applicable under climate change.

关键词： potential evapotranspiration global drylands Thornthwaite Penman–Monteith

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