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global burden of Fungal Infections and Antifungal Resistance from 1961 to 2024: Findings and Future Implications

Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第4期15卷 81-112页

作者： Steward Mudenda Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Background: Antifungal resistance (AFR) is a global public health problem with devastating effects, especially among immunocompromised individuals. Addressing AFR requires a One Health approach including Antifungal Stewardship (AFS). This study aimed to comprehensively review global studies published on fungal infections and AFR and to recommend solutions to address this growing problem. Materials and Methods: This was a narrative review that was conducted using published papers on fungal infections, AFR, and AFS between January 1961 and March 2024. The literature was searched using PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Results: This found that there has been an increase in fungal infections globally, especially among immunocompromised patients. Due to this increase in fungal infections, there has been a proportionate increase in the use of antifungal agents to prevent and treat fungal infections. This increased use of antifungal agents has worsened the problem of AFR contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. globally, fungal infections have contributed to 150 million infections annually and 1.7 million deaths per year. By the year 2023, over 3.8 million people died from fungal infections. Addressing AFR remains a challenge because the treatment of antifungal-resistant infections is difficult. Finally, the treatment of fungal infections is a global challenge exacerbated by the limited number of antifungal agents to treat invasive fungal infections. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that fungal infections and AFR are prevalent across humans, animals, agriculture, and the environment. Addressing this problem requires the provision of solutions such as improving the awareness of AFR, conducting further research on the discovery of new antifungal agents, and implementing AFS programs. If this global problem is not addressed, the morbidity and mortality associated with AFR will continue to rise in the future.

关键词： Antifungal Resistance Antifungal Stewardship Antimicrobial Resistance Fungal Infections global burden Immunocompromised Mycosis

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Natural product-based treatment potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1603-1614页

作者： Dharmsheel Shrivastav Satyam Kumar Kumbhakar Shivangi Srivastava Desh Deepak Singh Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University RajasthanJaipur 303002RajasthanIndia Department of Biotechnology Govt Veer Surendra Say P.G.CollegeGariaband 493889ChhattisgarhIndia Department of Life Science Chhatrapati Shahu ji Maharaj UniversityKanpur 208024Uttar PradeshIndia

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization and a major cause of cardiovascular disease(CVD).The pathogenesis of both diseases shares common risk factors and mechanisms,and both are significant contributors to global morbidity and *** of natural products for T2D mellitus(T2DM)and CVD can be seen as a potential preventive and effective therapeutic *** To critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of natural products in T2D and coronary artery disease(CAD).METHODS By using specific keywords,we strategically searched the PubMed *** controlled trials(RCTs)were searched as the primary focus that examined the effect of natural products on glycemic control,oxidative stress,and antioxidant *** focused on outcomes such as low blood glucose levels,adjustment on markers of oxidative stress and *** screening fulllength papers,we included 9 RCTs in our review that met our inclusion *** In the literature search on the database,we found that various natural products like plant secondary metabolites play a diverse role in the management of *** ginseng,sesame oil and cocoa flavanols proved effective in lowering blood glucose levels and controlling blood pressure,which are key factors in managing T2DM and *** diabetic patients Melissa officinalis effectively reduce inflammation and shows diabetes *** fish oil and flaxseed oil reduced insulin levels and inflammatory markers,suggesting benefits for both *** lipid profile and endothelial function were enhanced by Nigella sativa oil and Terminalia chebula,which is significant for the management of cardiovascular risk factors in *** Bilberry extract also showed promise for improving glycemic control in patients with *** The high level of antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-angiogenic properties found in natural products makes them promising therapeutic opt

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease Natural products Antioxidants Oxidative stress Therapeutic impact global burden

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global,regional,and national burden of hypertensive heart disease among older adults in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019:a trend analysis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第20期136卷 2421-2430页

作者： Ruixue Yang Xun Zhang Jingjing Bai Lu Wang Wenjie Wang Jun Cai Hypertension Center Fuwai HospitalState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College&Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100037China

Background:Hypertensive heart disease(HHD)poses a public health challenge,but data on its burden and trends among older adults are *** study aimed to identify trends in the burden of HHD among older adults between 1990 and 2019 at the global,regional,and national ***:Using the global burden of Diseases study 2019 data,we assessed HHD prevalence,death,and disability-adjusted life-year(DALY)rates for individuals aged 60-89 years at the global,regional,and national levels and estimated their average annual percentage changes(AAPCs)between 1990 and 2019 using joinpoint regression ***:In 2019,there were 14.35 million HHD prevalent cases,0.85 million deaths,and 14.56 million DALYs in older *** 1990 and 2019,the prevalence of HHD increased globally{AAPC,0.38(95%confidence interval[CI],0.36,0.41)}with decreases observed in mortality(AAPC,-0.83[95%CI,-0.99,-0.66])and the DALY rate(AAPC,-1.03[95%CI,-1.19,-0.87]).This overall global trend pattern was essentially maintained for sex,age group,and sociodemographic index(SDI)quintile except for non-significant changes in the prevalence of HHD in those aged 70-74 years and in the middle SDI ***,males had a higher HHD prevalence ***,HHD-related mortality and the DALY rate were higher in *** middle SDI quintile experienced the largest decreases in mortality and the DALY rate,with a non-significant decline in prevalence between 1990 and *** were significant discrepancies in the HHD burden and its trends across regions and ***:In the past three decades,there has been an overall increasing trend in the prevalence of HHD among older adults worldwide despite decreasing trends in mortality and the DALY *** management of hypertension,and prevention and control of HHD are needed in older adults.

关键词： Hypertensive heart disease Hypertension Prevalence Mortality Disability-adjusted life-years global burden

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Oral health in China: from vision to action

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第1期10卷 1-6页

作者： Xuedong Zhou Xin Xu Jiyao Li Deyu Hu Tao Hu Wei Yin Yujiang Fan Xingdong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan University State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan University National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University

Chinese president Xi Jinping made clear at the National Health and Wellness Conference that health is the prerequisite for people’s all-around development and a precondition for the sustainable development of China. Oral health is an indispensable component of overall health in humans. However, the long neglect of oral health in overall health agendas has made oral diseases an increasing concern. With this perspective, we described the global challenges of oral diseases, with an emphasis on the challenges faced by China. We also described and analyzed the recently released health policies of the Chinese government, which aim to guide midterm and long-term oral health promotion in China. More importantly, we called for specific actions to fulfill the larger goal of oral health for the nation. The implementation of primordial prevention efforts against oral diseases, the integration of oral health into the promotion of overall health, and the management of oral diseases in conjunction with other chronic non-communicable diseases with shared risk factors were highly recommended. In addition, we suggested the reform of standard clinical residency training, the development of domestic manufacturing of dental equipment and materials, the revitalization traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, and integration of oral health promotion into the Belt and Road Initiative. We look forward to seeing a joint effort from all aspects of the society to fulfill the goal of Healthy China 2030 and ensure the oral health of the nation.

关键词： GALLA-CHINENSIS EXTRACT NIDUS-VESPAE EXTRACT CHEMICAL-FRACTIONS global burden RISK-FACTOR PERIODONTAL-DISEASE ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE COLORECTAL-CANCER DEMINERALIZATION REMINERALIZATION

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Management of non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes： A shift in the paradigm

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Chinese Medical Journal 2008年第1期121卷 3-5页

作者： Jean-Pierre Bassand Professor of Cardiology Head of Cardiology DepartmentUniversity Hospital Jean Minjoz Boulevard Fleming 25000Besancon France (Bassand JP)

The new European guidelines on the management of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes （NSTE-ACS） were published in June 2007, two months before the American College of Cardiology-American Heart Association （ACC-AHA） guideline update on the same topic.^1.2 The European Society of Cardiology （ESC） guidelines differ from the American guidelines on a certain number of points： the ESC document is much shorter,

关键词： global burden RISK-FACTORS DISEASES IMPACT

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