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glacier mass balance and its impacts on streamflow in a typical inland river basin in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第4期14卷 455-472页

作者： PENG Jiajia LI Zhongqin XU Liping MA Yuqing LI Hongliang ZHAO Weibo FAN Shuang College of Sciences Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003China Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology Shihezi 832003China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tianshan Glaciological Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China

glaciers are known as natural ’’solid reservoirs’ ’, and they play a dual role between the composition of water resources and the river runoff regulation in arid and semi-arid areas of China. In this study, we used in situ observation data from Urumqi glacier No. 1, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in combination with meteorological data from stations and a digital elevation model, to develop a distributed degree-day model for glaciers in the Urumqi River Basin to simulate glacier mass balance processes and quantify their effect on streamflow during 1980–2020. The results indicate that the mass loss and the equilibrium line altitude(ELA) of glaciers in the last 41 years had an increasing trend, with the average mass balance and ELA being-0.85(±0.32) m w.e./a(meter water-equivalent per year) and 4188 m a.s.l., respectively. The glacier mass loss has increased significantly during 1999–2020, mostly due to the increase in temperature and the extension of ablation season. During 1980–2011, the average annual glacier meltwater runoff in the Urumqi River Basin was 0.48×108 m3, accounting for 18.56% of the total streamflow. We found that the annual streamflow in different catchments in the Urumqi River Basin had a strong response to the changes in glacier mass balance, especially from July to August, and the glacier meltwater runoff increased significantly. In summary, it is quite possible that the results of this research can provide a reference for the study of glacier water resources in glacier-recharged basins in arid and semi-arid areas.

关键词： glacier mass balance glacier meltwater runoff glacier modelling Urumqi River Basin Tianshan Mountains

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Changes in climate extremes in a typical glacierized region in central Eastern Tianshan Mountains and their relationship with observed glacier mass balance

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2022年第6期13卷 909-922页

作者： Hui ZHANG Fei-Teng WANG Ping ZHOU Altai Observation and Research Station of Cryospheric Science and Sustainable Development State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Tianshan Glaciological Station State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

As an icon of anthropogenic climate change,alpine glaciers are highly sensitive to climate ***,there remain research gaps regarding trends in climate extremes in glacierized regions and their relationship with local glacier mass *** this study,these relationships and their underlying links were explored in a typical glacierized region in the Eastern Tianshan Mountains,China,from 1959 to *** warm extremes exhibited increasing trends that intensified dramatically from the ***,decreasing trends were found for all cold extremes except for the temperatures of the coldest days and coldest *** of the precipitation extremes demonstrated increasing trends,except for consecutive dry days and consecutive wet *** significant positive/negative correlations were detected between glacier mass balance and six warm extremes(TN90p,TX90p,SU99p,TR95p,TXx,and TNx)/four cold extremes(TN10p,TX10p,FD0,and ID0).Simulation results showed that the impact of the intensity/frequency of the warm extremes(TN90p,TX90p,SU99p,and TR95p)on glacier ablation was remarkable and the effect of the cold extremes(FD0 and ID0)on accumulation was also ***,the increases in the intensity and frequency of most climate extremes seemed more remarkable in glacierized regions than in non-glacierized ***,studies on glacier-climate interactions should focus greater attention on the impacts of climate extremes on glacier evolution.

关键词： Climate extremes Typical glacierized region glacier mass balance Eastern tianshan mountains

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Analyzing geomorphological and topographical controls for the heterogeneous glacier mass balance in the Sikkim Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第7期20卷 1854-1864页

作者： GUHA Supratim TIWARI Reet Kamal Geomatics Engineering Laboratory Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology RoparPunjab-140001India

glacier response patterns at the catchment scale are highly heterogeneous and defined by a complex interplay of various dynamics and surface *** studies have explained heterogeneous responses in qualitative ways but quantitative assessment is lacking yet where an intrazone homogeneous climate assumption can be ***,in the current study,the reason for heterogeneous mass balance has been explained in quantitative methods using a multiple linear regression model in the Sikkim Himalayan *** first,the topographical parameters are selected from previously published studies,then the most significant topographical and geomorphological parameters are selected with backward stepwise subset selection ***,the contributions of selected parameters are calculated by least square *** results show that,the magnitude of mass balance lies between-0.003±0.24 to-1.029±0.24 m.w.e.a^(-1) between 2000 and 2020 in the Sikkim Himalaya ***,the study shows that,out of the terminus type of the glacier,glacier area,debris cover,ice-mixed debris,slope,aspect,mean elevation,and snout elevation of the glaciers,only the terminus type and mean elevation of the glacier are significantly altering the glacier mass balance in the Sikkim Himalayan ***,the mass loss is approximately 0.40 m.w.e.a^(-1) higher in the lake-terminating glaciers compared to the land-terminating glaciers in the same elevation *** the other hand,a thousand meters mean elevation drop is associated with 0.179 m.w.e.a-1of mass loss despite the terminus type of the *** the current study,the model using the terminus type of the glaciers and the mean elevation of the glaciers explains 76% of fluctuation of mass balance in the Sikkim Himalayan region.

关键词： glacier mass balance glacier terminus Topographical parameter Sikkim Himalaya Multiple linear regression model

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Spatiotemporal variations in surface albedo during the ablation season and linkages with the annual mass balance on Muz Taw glacier,Altai Mountains

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 2126-2147页

作者： Xiaoying Yue Zhongqin Li Feiteng Wang Jun Zhao Huilin Li Changbin Bai State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouPeople’s Republic of China National Cryosphere Desert Data Center Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouPeople’s Republic of China College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhouPeople’s Republic of China

Melt-albedo feedback on glaciers is recognized as important processes for understanding glacier behavior and its sensitivity to climate *** study selected the Muz Taw glacier in the Altai Mountains to investigate the spatiotemporal variations in albedo and their linkages with mass balance,which will improve our knowledge of the recent acceleration of regional glacier *** on the Landsat-derived albedo,the spatial distribution of ablation-period albedo was characterized by a general increase with elevation,and significant east–west differences at the same *** gap-filling MODIS values captured a nonsignificant negative trend of mean ablation-period albedo since 2000,with a total decrease of approximately 4.2%.From May to September,glacier-wide albedo exhibited pronounced V-shaped seasonal variability.A significant decrease in annual minimum albedo was found from 2000 to 2021,with the rate of approximately−0.30%yr−1 at the 99%confidence *** bivariate relationship demonstrated that the change of ablation-period albedo explained 82%of the annual mass-balance *** applied the albedo method to estimate annual mass balance over the period 2000–*** with observed values,the average mass balance was−0.82±0.32 m ***−1 between 2000 and 2020,with accelerated mass loss.

关键词： Albedo spatiotemporal variation glacier mass balance remote sensing Altai Mountains

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mass balance and morphological evolution of the Dokriani glacier,central Himalaya,India during 1999–2014

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 255-267页

作者： Purushottam Kumar Garg Jairam Singh Yadav Santosh Kumar Rai Aparna Shukla Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa RoadSimrolIndore 453552India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology 33GMS RoadDehradun 248001India Ministry of Earth Sciences Prithvi BhavanLodhi RoadNew Delhi 110003India

Glaciological mass balance(MB)is considered the most direct,undelayed and unfiltered response of the glaciers to climatic ***,it may inherit errors associated with stake underrepresentation,averaging over the entire glacier and human ***,proper validation of glaciological MB with geodetic MB is highly recommended by the World glacier Monitoring Service(WGMS).The present study focuses on the Dokriani glacier,central Himalaya which is one of the bench-mark glaciers in the region and has glaciological MB records from 1993 to 2013 with intermittent *** the present study,firstly the glaciological MB series is extended to 2014 i.e.,field-based MB for one more year is computed and,to compare with it,the geodetic MB is computed for the 1999–2014 period using high resolution Cartosat-1 digital elevation model(DEM)and SRTM ***,the study assesses the regional representation of the Dokriani glacier in terms of MB and evaluates the influence of the MB regime on its morphological *** show that the average glaciological MB(-0.34±0.2 m water equivalent(w.e.)y-1)is more negative than the geodetic MB(-0.23±0.1 m w.e.y-1)for the 1999–2014 *** is likely because of the partial representation of glacier margins in the glaciological MB,where melting is strikingly low owing to thick debris cover(>30 cm).In contrast,geodetic MB considers all marginal pixels leading to a comparatively low MB.A comparative assessment shows that the MB of Dokriani glacier is less negative(possibly due to its huge accumulation area)than most other glacier-specific and regional MBs,restricting it to be a representative glacier in the ***,continuous negative MB has brought a peculiar change in the epiglacial morphology in the lower tongue of the glacier as differential debris thickness-induced differential melting has turned the glacier surface into a concave *** concavity has led to development of a large(10–20 m deep)supraglacial ch

关键词： glacier mass balance Debris cover Epiglacial morphology Supraglacial channel Dokriani glacier Central Himalaya

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Study of annual mass balance(2011–2013) of Rikha Samba glacier, Hidden Valley, Mustang, Nepal

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第4期8卷 311-318页

作者： Sanjaya Gurung Bikas C. Bhattarai Rijan B. Kayastha Dorothea Stumm Sharad P. Joshi Pradeep K. Mool Himalayan Cryosphere Climate and Disaster Research Centre Kathmandu University Dhulikhel 45200 Nepal International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur 44700 Nepal

Although Himalayan glaciers are of particular interest in terms of future water supplies, regional climate changes, andsea-level rises, little is known about them due to lack of reliable and consistent data. There is a need for monitoring theseglaciers to bridge this knowledge gap and to provide field measurements necessary to calibrate and validate the resultsfrom different remote sensing operations. Therefore, glaciological observations have been carried out by the CryosphereMonitoring Project （CMP） since September 2011 on Rikha Samba glacier in Hidden valley, Mustang district in westernNepal in order to study its annual mass balance. This paper presents the first results of that study. There are 10 glaciers inHidden Valley, named G1, G2, G3, up to G10. Of these, G5 is the Rikha Samba glacier, which has the largest area （5.37km2） in this valley and the highest and lowest altitudes （6,476 and 5,392 m a.s.l., respectively）. The glacier mass balancediscussed in this paper was calculated using the glaciological method and the equilibrium line altitude （ELA）. The glaciershowed a negative annual point mass balance along the longitudinal profile of its lower part from September 10, 2011 toOctober 3, 2012. Stake measurements from October 4, 2012 to September 30, 2013 indicated a negative areal average ofannual mass balance ？0.088±0.019 m w.e. for the whole glacier. Based on these observations, the ELA of the Rikha Sambaglacier is estimated at 5,800 m a.s.l. in 2013. This negative balance may be due to rising air temperatures in the region,which have been incrementally rising since 1980 accompanied by little or no significant increase in precipitation in thatperiod. The negative mass balance confirms the general shrinking trend of the glacier.

关键词： ablation accumulation climate change glacier mass balance Himalayan glacier

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Responnse of glaaciers to ffuture climmate chaange in thhe Beida RRiver catcchment,northeast Tibetaan Plateaau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3582-3596页

作者： WANG Sheng YAO Tan-dong PU Jian-chen Geography Science Institute Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academyof Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China

Understandinng how futurre climate chaange impacts glaciers is crrucial to suustainable water supplies aand water resource managements..A calibrated ddegree-day glaacier mass baalance model and a volume-aarea scaling approach wwere coupledd to quantitativeely assess thhe effect off future climate change onn the ice volume in thhe Beida RRiver catchment,Northeast TTibetan *** ressults show that future mean mass loss off all glaciers will reach to 0.6628±0.058,00.676±0.058 aand 0.765±0.074×10^(8)m^(3)yr^(-1) under RCP 2.6,4.5 and 8.5,respectivvely,with 81%-996.2% ice voluume losses by the end off 21^(st) *** mass balance tennds to be mmore negative unntil 2050 undder RCP 2.6,uuntil 2060 unnder RCP 4.5,annd until 21000 under RCPP *** in the catchmment are likely experienciing or will soon experience the most inteense ice loss,,which may lead to negativee impact onn water resoources after the tipping poiint around *** the RCP 8.5 scenario,thhe summer mass balancee decreases with elevvation at the altitudinal beelt of 4650~55050 m *** to the variaation of elevaation structurre caused by acceelerating glaciers ***,the simulations aree sensitive tto the parammeterization scheme of glaccier area andd air *** projjections havee the potentiaal to significanntly improve ourr understandiings of glacieer regime oveer data-poor regiions.

关键词： glacier mass balance glacier shrinkage Climate change glacier modelling Tibetan Plateau

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Accelerated glacier mass loss in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau since the 1970s

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第3期14卷 372-386页

作者： Lan-Hua LUO Chang-Qing KE Yu-Bin FAN Zi-Fei WANG Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural ResourcesSchool of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization Nanjing 210023China Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies Nanjing 210023China

The southeastern Tibetan Plateau(SETP)is a region in High Mountain Asia with the most serious glacier mass ***,long-term and large regional-scale studies that estimate glacier mass balance in this area remain *** this study,we generated a KH-9 Digital Elevation Model(DEM)(covering 87.6%of the glacier area)for the 1970s from KH-9 Hexagon imagery and quantified geodetic glacier mass over the SETP from the 1970s to 2020 using KH-9 DEM,NASADEM and ICESat-2 ATL06 *** results show that the SETP was in a state of serious mass loss(at a rate of−0.35±0.03 m *** year)from the 1970s to 2020,and the rate of mass loss accelerated from−0.15±0.05 to−0.56±0.10 m *** year between the 1970s–2000 and 2000–*** the SETP,the glacier mass balance revealed a remarkable spatial *** maximum mean glacier mass loss rate was observed in the Hengduan *** exhibited the highest acceleration in the mass loss rate since the *** warming of air temperature and decreasing snowfall can partly explain the accelerated glacier mass loss in the *** study provides a new long-term glacier mass balance estimation covering almost the entire SETP that suggests the acceleration in glacier mass loss observed in the SETP since the 1970s is a regional tendency,which is crucial for understanding the relationship between glaciers and climate changes.

关键词： glacier mass balance KH-9 hexagon imagery NASADEM ICESat-2 Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

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Identification of Ice Elevation Change of the Shuiguan River No.4 glacier in the Qilian Mountains,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第4期7卷 375-379页

作者： LI Jing LIU Shiyin SHANGGUAN Donghui ZHANG Yinsong State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

GPS measurement,an effective method for surveying glacier surface topography,has been applied in some glaciers for many *** Shuiguan River No.4 glacier,a small glacier with its area of 1.84 km2 in 1972,located in the east of the Qilian Mountains,China,was selected to study its ice elevation change using GPS measurement in *** study was conducted on the ablation area with GPS-measured area 0.5 *** ice elevation change of the glacier was obtained by comparing the DEM obtained by a 1:50 000 topographic map made in 1972 with the DEM by GPS-measured data acquired in *** differences of the two DEMs showed the thinning condition of the glacier was *** mean thinning was 15±8 m with the mean thinning rate of 0.42±0.22 m a-1 for 1972-2007 in the measurement area,which equaled 0.38±0.20 m yr-1 in water equivalent(w.e.).The prominent thinning occurred on the south part of the glacier,which was the area near the glacier terminus with the maximum thinning of 41±8 *** the thinning value of 15±8 m for the glacier area below 4640 m a.s.l.,the wasting ice mass was calculated to be 6.4±3.2×10-3 km3 for 1972-2007,corresponding to 5.7±2.8×10-3 km3 w.e.,which meant that the montane runoff released by the glacier was at least 5.7±2.8×106 m3 between 1972-2007.

关键词： GPS RTK DEM glacier mass balance Mountane runoff

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Spatial and temporal patterns of the inter-annual oscillations of glacier mass over Central Asia inferred from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) data

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第1期9卷 87-97页

作者： ZHU Chuandong LU Yang SHI Hongling ZHANG Zizhan State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Center for Space Research University of Texas at Austin Austin 78759 USA

Monitoring glacier mass balance is crucial to managing water resources and also to understanding climate change for the arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia. This study extracted the inter-annual oscillations of glacier mass over Central Asia from the first ten principal components（S-PCs） of filtered variability via multichannel singular spectral analysis（MSSA）, based on gridded data of glacier mass inferred from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） data obtained from July 2002 to March 2015. Two significant cycles of glacier mass balance oscillations were identified. The first cycle with a period of 6.1-year accounted for 54.5% of the total variance and the second with a period of 2.3-year accounted for 4.3%. The 6.1-year oscillation exhibited a stronger variability compared with the 2.3-year oscillation. For the 6.1-year oscillation, the results from lagged cross-correlation function suggested that there were significant correlations between glacier mass balances and precipitation variations with the precipitation variations leading the response of glacier mass balances by 9–16 months.

关键词： Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment glacier mass balance multichannel singular spectral analysis Central Asia

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