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The role of glacial gravel in community development of vascular plants on the glacier forelands of the Third Pole

Journal of Arid Land 2022年第9期14卷 1022-1037页

作者： WEI Tianfeng SHANGGUAN Donghui TANG Xianglong QIN Yu School of Architecture and Urban Planning Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences and Higher Education Commission PakistanIslamabad 45320Pakistan

On a deglaciated terrain,glacial gravel is the primary component of the natural habitat for vascular plant colonization and *** regarding the role of glacial gravel in vascular plant growth,however,remains *** this study,an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)was used to investigate plant family composition,species richness,fractional vegetation cover(FVC),and gravel cover(GC)along elevational gradients on the three glacier forelands(Kekesayi,Jiangmanjiaer,and Koxkar Baxi)of the Third Pole(including the eastern Pamir Plateau and western Tianshan Mountains)in *** then analyzed the spatial characteristics of vascular plants followed by exploring the effect of glacial gravel on vascular *** indicated that FVC on these glacier forelands generally decreased as the elevation increased or distance from the current glacier terminus *** shady slope(Kekesayi)was more vegetated in comparison to the sunny slope(Jiangmanjiaer)at the glacier basin scale,and the warm and humid deglaciated terrain(Koxkar Baxi)had the highest FVC at the regional *** family composition and species richness on the glacier forelands decreased with rising elevation,with the exception of those on the Jiangmanjiaer glacier *** relationships between FVC and GC presented negative correlations;particularly,they exhibited variations in power functions on the Kekesayi and Jiangmanjiaer glacier forelands of the eastern Pamir Plateau and a linear function on the Koxkar Baxi glacier foreland of the western Tianshan *** gravel was found to be conducive to vegetation colonization and development in the early succession stage up until vascular plants adapted to the cold and arid climatic condition,whereas it is unfavorable to the expansion of vascular plants in the later succession *** findings suggested that the spatial difference of plant characteristics had close connections with regional climatic and topographic conditions,as well

关键词： vascular plants fractional vegetation cover glacial gravel glacier foreland unmanned aerial vehicle Pamir Plateau Tianshan Mountains

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The influence of terrain age and altitude on the arthropod communities found on recently deglaciated terrain

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Current Zoology 2014年第2期60卷 203-220页

作者： Markus FRANZEN Petra DIEKER UFZ Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research Department of Community Ecology Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4 D-06120Halle (Saale) Germany Centre for Methods Leuphana University Lfineburg Scharnhorststrage 1 D-21335 Liineburg Germany

Climate warming has been more pronounced in the Arctic than elsewhere, resulting in a recent rapid glacial retreat. Over 85% of the Almajallojekna glacier has disappeared over the last 115 years and it is one of the fastest retreating glaciers in Sweden. In 2011 and 2012, at 18 sites in the vicinity of the remaining glacier network, we sampled arthropods and related the species richness, abundance and proportion of herbivores to altitude （ranging from 824 to 1,524 m.a.s.1.） and the age of the site （ranging from 0 to 〉 115 years）. Temperature was measured at six sites and the average annual air temperature ranged from -3.7℃ to 1.1℃. In total, we recorded 3,705 arthropods from 117 species in nine different taxonomic groups. The most abundant and species-rich group was Coleoptera （1,381 individuals, 41 species） followed by Araneae （1,050 individuals, 15 species） and Macrolepidoptera （732 individuals, 17 species）. Only at lower altitudes did the abundance and species richness of arthropods increase with increasing age of the site. The results were consistent among the studied taxonomic groups and when controlling for sam- piing intensity using two different approaches. The proportion of herbivores decreased with increasing age of the site and with increasing altitude. Clearly, altitude appears more important than the age of the site and, at higher altitudes, abundance, species richness and herbivory are low [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 203-220, 2014].

关键词： Climate change glacier foreland Emerging communities Insects and arachnids Subarctic environment Speciesrichness

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Characterization of organic-rich mineral debris revealed by rapid glacier retreat, Indren glacier, European Alps

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第6期18卷 1521-1536页

作者： FREPPAZ Michele WILLIAMS Mark W. GABRIELI Jacopo GORRA Roberta MANIA Ilaria ASCHER-JENULL Judith EGLI Markus CELI Luisella Department of Agriculture Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 Grugliasco(TO)Italy NatRisk Research Centre on Natural Risks in Mountain and Hilly Environments University of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 Grugliasco(TO)Italy Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Department of Geography University of Colorado at BoulderUCB 450BoulderCO 80309USA CNR-ISP(Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Scienze Polari)via Torino 15530172 Venezia-MestreItaly Institute of Microbiology University of InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020 InnsbruckAustria Department of Geography University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland

In the summer of 2003 and 2004, characterized by a rapid glacier retreat, a stony surface covered by well-structured organic-rich mineral debris was observed very close to the Indren glacier terminus(Monte Rosa Massif, NW Italy, 3100 m ASL), on an area covered by the glacier tongue till the year before. The origin and type of this organicrich material were investigated, in order to detect their characteristics, potential sources and fate within the foreland system. The deposits were dated using Carbon-14 and analyzed for the chemical characteristics of the organic component, the elemental composition of the mineral fraction and presence of microbial markers. The material, granular and dark in color, had a total organic carbon(TOC) content ranging between 17.4 ± 0.39 and 28.1 ± 0.63 g kg^(-1) dry weight(dw), significantly higher than the surrounding glacial till(~ 1.4 g kg^(-1) dw), although only 0.33% of it was in water soluble form. Microbial carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) accounted for 10.6% and 3.13% of TOC and total N, respectively. Dissolved nitrogen(N), mainly present as ammonium, represented 2.40% of the total N. The low aromatic component and large presence of nitrogen(N)-derived compounds suggested that most of the organic carbon(OC) in these organic-rich mineral deposits was derived from microbial cells, although the high average radiocarbon age of about 2900 years may also point to the contribution of aeolian depositions of anthropogenic or natural origin. Elemental composition and the crustal enrichment factor of trace elements in the mineral fraction of the aggregates corroborated the hypothesis that most part of the accumulated material derived from ice meltwater. Some indicators of the colonization of these deposits by microbial communities were also reported, from the abundance of DNA and phylogenetic markers, to the presence of bacterial taxa commonly able to thrive in similar habitats. All these elements suggested that such kind of deposits may have a p

关键词： glacier foreland Dissolved organic carbon Organic matter q PCR Microbial community Trace elements

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