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Estimating gini Coefficient Based on Hurun Report and Poverty Line

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Open Journal of Statistics 2013年第3期3卷 167-172页

作者： Zhaoben Fang Junpeng Zhu Rongjie Deng Department of Statistics and Finance University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

Based on the review of various methods of estimating gini coefficient, the paper applies a quintile rule to estimate gini coefficient of rural areas, urban areas and the whole country using the grouped income data of urban and rural residents. Besides, the paper uses the curve-fitting method to roughly estimate gini coefficient from eye-catching Hurun Rich List and the latest poverty line. The result shows that the estimation of gini coefficient using quintile rule is small for both urban and rural area, while the value of the whole country is obviously larger, which is above the warning line of 0.4. It is indicated that the wealth gap mainly comes from the gap between urban and rural areas. On the other hand, the estimation of gini coefficient using curve-fitting method is as large as more than 0.7, which implies that the wealth gap is?highlighted from the analysis of the lowest and highest part of the wealth distribution. All in all, China’s current gap between the poor and the rich is serious. The reform of the income distribution needs to speed up to ensure social harmony and stability.

关键词： gini Coefficient Quintile Rule Curve-Fitting

The Distribution of the Concentration Ratio for Samples from a Uniform Population

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Applied Mathematics 2015年第1期6卷 57-70页

作者： Giovanni Girone Antonella Nannavecchia Faculty of Economics University of Bari Bari Italy

In the present paper we derived, with direct method, the exact expressions for the sampling probability density function of the gini concentration ratio for samples from a uniform population of size n = 6, 7, 8, 9 and... 详细信息

关键词： gini Concentration Ratio Uniform Distribution Order Statistics Probability Density Function

How Cities Influenced by High Speed Rail Development: A Case Study in China

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2013年第2期3卷 7-16页

作者： Jing Shi Nian Zhou Institute of Transportation Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

This study aims at analyzing various extents of transportation equity change and the accessibility change of cities along High Speed Rail (HSR) line in China. To evaluate the accessibility change and transportation equity, certain cities along the transportation corridor which the successfully operating WuGuang HSR lies in are selected as samples of influenced ones first. Cities’ connection with HSR and their sizes are considered as choosing criteria. Weighted mean travel time and Generalized weighed travel time, which integrated with generalized cost, are both calculated in the two different scenarios to indicate accessibility changes of each city. The two scenarios are with or without the advent of WuGuang HSR. Accessibilities in different scenarios were carefully contrasted. It was found out that there is no significant change in the mean accessibility aspect of the region between the two scenarios. Then transportation equity issue of the transportation corridor is discussed based on the results of gini coefficient using the data of Passenger Transportation Balance index. Passenger Transportation Balance index is proposed in this article to indicate the how much is one city’s transportation demand satisfied. The research found that cities had HSR stations built-in all attained a more accessibility improvement comparing with the others. And the gap between the accessibilities of the cities along the HSR line and those which are not is relatively wider. However, the equity evaluation using Transportation Balance gini Coefficient reveals that massive investment in HSR has no potent evidence for equity improvement.

关键词： WuGuang HSR Accessibility Evaluation Weighted Mean Travel Time Generalized Weighted Travel Time Transportation Equity gini Coefficient

Socio-Economic Inequality and Economic Growth: Measurements for Central and Eastern Europe

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Chinese Business Review 2018年第11期17卷 546-569页

作者： Ana Michaela Andrei Irina Georgescu Bucharest University of Economic Studies Bucharest Romania

The objective of this work is the study of social and economic inequality in the space of Central and Eastern Europe and its impact on economic growth. Our study includes a three-stage methodology:(1) application of a clustering method based on neural network (Self Organising Maps), to the series of panel data in order to divide countries into clusters, corresponding to the degree of economic and social inequality;(2) computing a composed index of economic and social inequality, using Principal Component Analysis and an extension of the method provided by OECD for computing composite indicators;(3) constructing an econometric model to establish the impact of social and economic inequality on economic growth and a VAR model to determine the causality between main determinants to growth and inequality as well as the response to shocks to the dynamics of the variables. The 24 Eastern and Central European countries have been grouped in five clusters, according to 11 attributes. In the results obtained, the third cluster comprises countries with the most equitable income distribution: Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, Slovak Republic, Slovenia. To the opposite side is the fifth cluster with the deepest inequality, including only one country, namely Georgia. The second and third steps of our methodology, were applied only for the extreme clusters namely, the clusters with the highest (C5) and lowest (C3) inequality respectively.

关键词： economic growth economic inequality gini coefficient income distribution Self Organising Maps-SOM Principal Component Analysis VAR models

A dashboard on Google Maps to show the most influential author on the topic of health behavior: A Bibliometric Analysis

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Advances in Health and Behavior 2018年第1期1卷 17-23页

作者： Szu-Hau Chen Tsair-Wei Chien Shih-Bin Su Chen-Ching Tang Department of Family Medicine Chi Mei medical center Tainan Taiwan Medical Research Department Chi-Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan Department of Leisure Recreation and Tourism Management Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology Tainan Taiwan Department of Occupational Medicine Chi-Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan Department of Medical Research Chi Mei Medical Center Liouying Tainan Taiwan

Background:Health behavior is an action taken by a person to maintain, attain, or regain good health and to prevent illness. As such, health behavior reflects a person’s health beliefs and attracts many published papers in academics. However, who is the most influential author (MIA) remains unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply the algorithm of between centrality(BC) in social network analysis (SNA) to select the MIA on the topic of health behavior using the visual displays on Google Maps. Methods: We obtained 3,593 abstracts from Medline based on the keywords of (health [Title]) and (behavior [Title] or behaviour [Title]) on June 30, 2018. The author names, countries/areas, and author-defined keywords were recorded. The BCs were applied to (1) select the MIA using SNA;(2) display the countries/areas distributed for the 1st author in geography,(3) discover the author clusters dispersed on Google Maps, and (4) investigate the keywords dispersed for the cluster related to the MIA on a dashboard. Pajek software was performed to yield the BC for each entity (or say node). Results: We found that the MIA is Spring, Bonnie (US). All visual representations that are the form of a dashboard can be easily displayed on Google Maps. The most influential country and the keywords are the US and health behavior. Readers are suggested to manipulate them on their own on Google Maps. Conclusion: Social network analysis provides wide and deep insight into the relationships with the pattern of international author collaborations. If incorporated with Google Maps, the dashboard can release much more information regarding our interesting topics for us in academics. The research approach using the BC to identify the same author names can be applied to other bibliometric analyses in the future.

关键词： gini coefficient authorship collaboration Google Maps social network analysis health behavior

A new index for measuring aging inequality: An application to Asian countries

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Health 2012年第9期4卷 685-694页

作者： Mohammed Taj Uddin Md. Nazrul Islam Ahmad Kabir Dilip Chandra Nath Department of Statistics Gauhati University Guwahati India Department of Statistics Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet Bangladesh

Although the gini coefficient is an ideal measure of income inequality, it may be applied to measure the aging inequality in a society. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop alternative measures of aging inequality based on the gini index. The study uses the secondary population data of Asian countries collected from the international data base, US census Bureau. From the analysis it is observed that the gini coefficient shows equally sensitivity at all levels. The coefficient is more concern for the country which are closed to the line of absolute equality. For example, the sensitivity level in the gini coefficient is observed much higher in Israel than in Qatar. The logarithmic transformation of gini coefficient does not work well because it violates the transfer principle. The Geometric measure of gini coefficient fails to measure inequality because of violating the transfer principle. On the other hand, the logarithmic transformation of geometric equivalent of the gini coefficient works better because it shows more sensitivity than the gini coefficient and satisfies the transfer principle. From the analysis it is also found that the trigonometric measure of gini coefficient works better than the logarithmic transformation of geometric equivalent of the gini coefficient because it satisfies transfer principle as well as shows higher sensitivity. Therefore, the trigonometric measure of the gini coefficient is the best measure of aging inequality among the measures considered in the study.

关键词： Inequality Aging gini Index Geometric Measure

Socio-Economic Inequalities in Oral Health: The Case of Greece

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Health 2014年第16期6卷 2227-2235页

作者： John Yfantopoulos Constantine J. Oulis Platon Yfantopoulos William Papaioannou School of Economic and Political Sciences University of Athens Athens Greece School of Dentistry University of Athens Athens Greece Department of Economics University of York York UK

Background: The literature on the socioeconomic determinants of oral health inequalities is rather limited. Since oral health is an integral part of general health, the investigation of oral and general health inequalities becomes an important research topic. The recent economic crisis has aggravated the level of general and oral health in Greece and evidence on inequalities is interesting for policy guidelines. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to measure the magnitude of self reported oral health inequalities in relation to certain demographic and socio-economic indicators such as gender, age, education and income status. Methods: We launched a cross-sectional survey across urban and rural population in Greece and we selected a random sample of 1500 individuals consisting of three age groups: 15 - 18 years, 35 - 45 years, and 65 to 74 years old. Self-reported general and oral health were both recorded and analyzed by means of an ordinal scale ranging from 0 = worse health to 100 = perfect health. Likert-type of scale questions were further used to capture self assessments of oral health. Dental Inequalities were assessed with reference to the following socio-economic variables: age, education, and income levels. Results: Statistically significant oral health inequalities were identified among the socio-economic groups in Greece. Lower levels of oral health were associated with those confronting financial difficulties, the aged and the less educated. The gini Coefficient for Oral Health Goral = 0.344 (s.d. = 0.0033) was higher in comparison to general health Ggeneral = 0.289 (s.d. = 0.0016) indicating the need for public health intervention in the area of oral health. Conclusions: The paper demonstrates the significance of socioeconomic inequalities in oral health in Greece.

关键词： Oral Health Health Inequalities gini Greece

Community Renewal Method Based on User Satisfaction and Its Differences: A Case Study of Anju Dongcheng Community in Handan City

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Journal of Landscape Research 2020年第2期12卷 37-40页

作者： WANG Zhenbao ZHU Jiaxin XIANG Sirong School of Architecture and Art Heibei University of EngineeringHandanHebei 056038China Key Laboratory of Building Physics and Regional Building Protection Technology of Handan HandanHebei 056038China

Community renewal in the new era of transformation has entered the stage of stock planning,and user demand for high-quality urban life is becoming more and more urgent.This study constructed a community renewal method that considers user satisfaction and its differences.Through the community survey data,we analyzed the satisfaction and differences of user needs,found out key problems and focus groups,and proposed improvement strategies.Taking the Anju Dongcheng Community in Handan City as an example,the overall satisfaction of user groups,the satisfaction of users of different ages and their differences were analyzed.It is concluded that the main problems were the health and environmental problem,in which the focus of dog keeping were young and old people,and the focus of garbage classification problem were young and middle-aged people.Finally,the corresponding renewal strategies and designs were put forward to improve the quality of community living environment.

关键词： Community renewal Satisfaction Difference Variable coeffi cient gini coeffi cient

The relationship between income inequality and obesity in all 47 prefectures of Japan: Ecological study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2013年第1期3卷 1-3页

作者： Akihiko Katayama Nobuyuki Miyatake Kanae Oda Takeshi Saito Shoko Murakami Noriko Sakano Department of Hygiene Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Miki Kagawa Japan

The link between income inequality and obesity inJapanwas evaluated. Income inequality of all 47 prefectures of Japan as expressed by gini coefficient was obtained from National Statistics Center, Japan. The rate of obesity (%) was also obtained from National NutritionSurvey,Japan. The effect of income inequality on obesity was evaluated by ecological study. Income inequality as expressed by gini coefficient was 0.31 ± 0.01 and the rate of obesity was 31.6% ± 5.6%. gini coefficient was significantly and positively correlated with the rate of obesity (r = 0.490, p = 0.0005). Income inequality was might be associated with the rate of obesity inJapan.

关键词： Income Inequality gini Coefficient Obesity Ecological Study Japan