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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Requires a Phosphate Transceptor in the gigaspora margarita Fungal Symbiont

Molecular Plant 2016年第12期9卷 1583-1608页

作者： Xianan Xie Hui Lin Xiaowei Peng Congrui Xu Zhongfeng Sun Kexin Jiang Antian Huang Xiaohui Wu Nianwu Tang Alessandra Salvioli Paola Bonfante Bin Zhao State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei 430070 P.R.China Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torino Viale Mattioli 25 10125 Torino Italy

The majority of terrestrial vascular plants are capable of forming mutualistic associations with obligate biotrophic arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi from the phylum Glomeromycota. This mutualistic symbiosis provides carbohydrates to the fungus, and reciprocally improves plant phosphate uptake. AM fungal trans- porters can acquire phosphate from the soil through the hyphal networks. Nevertheless, the precise func- tions of AM fungal phosphate transporters, and whether they act as sensors or as nutrient transporters, in fungal signal transduction remain unclear. Here, we report a high-affinity phosphate transporter GigmPT from gigaspora margarita that is required for AM symbiosis. Host-induced gene silencing of GigmPT ham- pers the development of G. margarita during AM symbiosis. Most importantly, GigmPT functions as a phos- phate transceptor in G. margarita regarding the activation of the phosphate signaling pathway as well as the protein kinase A signaling cascade. Using the substituted-cysteine accessibility method, we identified residues A146 （in transmembrane domain [TNID] IV） and Va1357 （in TMD VIII） of GigmPT, both of which are critical for phosphate signaling and transport in yeast during growth induction. Collectively, our results pro- vide significant insights into the molecular functions of a phosphate transceptor from the AM fungus G. margarita.

关键词： mutualistic symbiosis gigaspora margarita GigmPT phosphate transceptor phosphate signaling,protein kinase A

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Development of a Technical Itinerary for the Production of Avocado (Persea américana Mill.) Seedlings with Biofertilizers

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第9期13卷 1209-1226页

作者： Somo Toukam Gabriel Mahbou Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong Aminatou Mongoue Fanche Félix Tchio Fallone Dongmo Gaston Onana Etoga Emmanuel Youmbi Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon

The cultivation of fruit trees generally requires a nursery phase during which the young seedlings are monitored and treated to improve their ability to adapt to the environment. This leads to the production of seedlings that are used to create orchards. It consists of four essential steps or operations: 1) The germination phase of the seeds in germinators for the production of rootstocks;2) Transplanting into pots or bags;3) Fertilisation in order to obtain seedlings of a satisfactory vigour (stem diameter) ready for grafting. The nursery phase requires a good understanding and mastery of plant regeneration and fertilisation techniques. In Cameroon, the demand for avocado (Persea americana) fruits is increasing, but the supply is not keeping up with this demand. After a summary monograph on the production practices of avocado seedlings in the Yaounde area, this work aims to optimise the aforementioned three steps in order to obtain seedlings of sufficient sizes for grafting. Three factors are considered in this study: 1) The substrate (Substrate), whose effects are evaluated by the germination rate (GR), the daily average germination (DAG) and the root volume of seedlings (RootV). 2) The transplanting date (TransD), determined by considering three dates including 40 (Trans40), 65 (Trans65) and 75 (Trans75) days after sowing, and 3) Fertilisation using biological fertilisers, evaluated by testing four fertilisation levels, Fert1 (10 gr of 20-10-10 plus 10 gr fowl droppings), Fert2 (Acaulospora tuberculata), Fert3 (gigaspora margarita) and Fert4 (Mixed mycorrhizal strains of gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata). This third factor is evaluated by growth parameters including leaf area (LeafA), chlorophyll index (ChlorInd), gain in Plant height (GainPltH) and plant diameter (GainPltD). The trial took place in the First Seed company, a seed production unit located in the Simbock district of Yaounde for the field phase, and the Biological Control Laboratory of

关键词： Persea americana Nursery Mycorrhizae Acaulospora tuberculata gigaspora margarita Germination Substrate Transplanting Date Growth

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小麦孢囊线虫和丛枝菌根真菌的相互作用

小麦孢囊线虫和丛枝菌根真菌的相互作用

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中国植物病理学会2012年学术年会

作者：王小坤赵洪海刘润进青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院

丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)作为环境功能生物,具有生物药肥双重作用,不仅能促进植物吸收利用养分,而且能拮抗土传病原物、提高植物抗病性。近年来,小麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae英文名cereal cyst nematode,CCN... 详细信息

丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)作为环境功能生物,具有生物药肥双重作用,不仅能促进植物吸收利用养分,而且能拮抗土传病原物、提高植物抗病性。近年来,小麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae英文名cereal cyst nematode,CCN)对小麦(Triticum aestivumLinn)的危害日益严重。探索新的生防途径是摆在我们面前的一个重要任务。本研究目的是评价AMF防治CCN病害的效果。本试验于温室盆栽条件下进行,设12个处理:接种AMFgigaspora margarita(Gi.m),Glomous mosseae(G.m),Glomus intraradices(G.i),Glomus versi-forme(G.v),Gi.m+G.m+G.i+G.v,CCN(经过低温处理),Gi.m+CCN,G.m+CCN,G.i+CCN,G.v+CCN,Gi.m+G.m+G.i+G.v+CCN和对照(CK)。结果表明,Gi.m+CCN和Gi.m+G.m+G.i+G.v+CCN处理的小麦株高、茎粗高于其他处理;线虫侵染率、孢囊数低于其他处理;根内防御性酶如超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammoniaIyase,PAL)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,PoX)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、几丁质酶(chitinase)、β-1.3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase)活性、次生代谢物质丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和脯氨酸(proline,Pro)含量显著高于其他处理。表明Gi.m和混合菌种对CCN具有一定防治作用并且能够促进小麦的生长。其中,Gi.m是高效菌种。

关键词：小麦孢囊线虫丛枝菌根真菌防御性酶 gigaspora margarita

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