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The organic geochemistry of crude oil in the Saltpond Basin(ghana):Organic source input,depositional environment,and thermal maturity

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第3期43卷 424-440页

作者： Kojo Amoako Ningning Zhong Nancy Pearl Osei-Boakye Ebenezer Apesegah Research Group for Marine Geochemistry(ICBM-MPI Bridging Group) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)School of Mathematics and ScienceCarl von Ossietzky UniversitäOldenburgAmmerläder HeerstraВ114-11826129 OldenburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of GeosciencesChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Petroleum Corporation GNPCPMBPetroleum HouseTemaGhana

The Saltpond Basin,situated within the South Atlantic margin of ghana,is a significant area for petro-leum exploration but has received relatively limited research *** studies have examined source rock com-position,but data on crude oil organic chemistry are lack-ing,hindering understanding of the basin’s petroleum system and *** address this gap,we analyzed biomarkers and stable carbon-isotope ratios in Saltpond Basin crude oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry to eluci-date organic matter source,depositional environment,and thermal *** were compared with oils from the West African segment of the South Atlantic margin,namely the Tano Basin and the Niger Delta Basin,to iden-tify potential correlations and gain insights into regional *** and isotopic results unveiled a sig-nificant prevalence of organic matter derived from lower marine *** of organic matter deposition and preservation in Saltpond oil samples suggested a suboxic marine transitional environment,contradicting conventional understanding of terrestrial dominance in such ***,the potential for degradation processes to obscure differentiation between terrestrial and marine organic mat-ter origins underscores the complex nature of organic mat-ter dynamics in transitional marine *** of molecular thermal maturity indices suggested Saltpond oils were expelled from source rocks exhibiting thermal maturity at the early maturity *** analysis unveiled genetic disparities among crude oils sourced from the Saltpond Basin and those from the Tano and Niger Delta Basin,primarily due to variations in source input and depo-sitional environment *** oil exhibits lower terrestrial organic input than Tano Basin’s crude oils,which also have less terrestrial input than Niger Delta Basin crude ***,its paleodepositional envi

关键词： Biomarkers Carbon isotopes Crude oil Saltpond Basin ghana

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Abundance and prey capture success of Common Terns(Sterna hirundo)and Pied Kingfishers(Ceryle rudis)in relation to water clarity in south-east coastal ghana

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 226-238页

作者： Lars H.Holbech Francis Gbogbo Timothy Khan Aikins Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of GhanaP.O.Box LG 67LegonAccraGhana Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Management University for Development StudiesBox TL 1882Nyankpala CampusTamaleGhana

Background: Water clarity may negatively influence rate of plunge diving and prey capture success of piscivorous plunge-diving birds, and therefore has implications for their conservation in polluted urban wetlands. We studied the relationship between water clarity and the abundance and prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers(Ceryle rudis) and Common Terns(Sterna hirundo) in two polluted coastal waters of south-east ghana—the Weija Lake and Densu Delta Ramsar ***: On each wetland, data on abundance and prey capture success of plunge-divers were collected in four spatio-temporal quadrats of 100 m × 100 m and analysed with concurrent measurements of water quality parameters using GLM regression with Pearson's correlation ***: Mean prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers(34.7 e two species responded differently to water clarity. The± 13.1%) and Common Terns(35.3 abundance of Common Terns was± 11.0%) were similar but th significantly higher in less transparent/more turbid water while that of Pied Kingfishers showed no significant relationship with turbidity and transparency. In contrast, the prey capture success of Common Terns was neither related to transparency nor turbidity, as opposed to that of Pied Kingfishers which was significantly higher in more turbid/less transparent waters. Correlations between capture success and bird abundance, as well as capture attempts were insignificant, suggesting that increased fish abundance associated with cloudy water may not necessarily promote higher abundance and capture success of foraging birds. Thus, when foraging in less transparent water, capture success may depend more on predator avoidance by fish prey than lower prey detectability of foraging ***: Within a gradient of 15–51 cm transparency studied, lower water clarity did not constrain prey capture success of Common Terns and Pied Kingfishers. Further studies on the foraging ecology of plunge-divers in coastal ghana are however r

关键词： Coastal ghana Common Tern Pied Kingfisher Prey capture success Water turbidity and transparency

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Attentiveness to Early Warning Drought Information:Implications for Policy Support and Climate Risk Reduction in ghana

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第1期13卷 25-37页

作者： Peter Dok Tindan Divine Odame Appiah Alexander Yao Segbefia Department of Geography and Rural Development Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiAshanti RegionGhana

Successful drought planning is dependent on the generation of timely and accurate early warning *** there is little evidence to explain the extent to which crop farmers pay attention to and assimilate early warning drought information that aids in the policy formulation in support of drought risk reduction.A socioecological survey,using a structured questionnaire administered to 426 crop farming households,was carried out in the Talensi District of the Upper East Region,*** data analytic techniques used were frequency tables,relative importance index,and multinomial logistics embedded in SPSS v.20 *** results show that crop farmers predominantly rely on agricultural extension officers for early warning drought information,with an estimated 78% of them paying little to very much attention to the *** likelihood ratio Chi-square test showed that there is a significant improvement in fit as X^(2)(20)=96.792,pghana will receive 60% lower support from crop farmers paying no to a little attention as compared to farmers paying very much attention to early warning drought *** stakeholder engagements should be carried out to harness inclusive support from crop farmers to build a climate-resilient society in ghana.

关键词： Attentiveness to early drought warning Climate risk Drought risk reduction ghana

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Towards understanding the environmental and climatic changes and its contribution to the spread of wildfires in ghana using remote sensing tools and machine learning (Google Earth Engine)

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1300-1331页

作者： Kueshi Sémanou Dahan Raymond Abudu Kasei Rikiatu Husseini Mohammed Y.Said Md.Mijanur Rahman Department of Environment and Sustainability Sciences University for Development StudiesTamaleGhana West African Centre for Water Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture(WACWISA)University for Development StudiesTamaleGhana Department of Environment Water and Waste EngineeringUniversity for Development StudiesTamaleGhana Department of Forestry and Forest Resources Management Faculty of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity for Development StudiesTamaleGhana Center for Sustainable Drylands Ecosystems and Societies University of NairobiNairobiKenya Founder and CEO Study Hacks(Institute of GIS&Remote Sensing) Department of Geography&EnvironmentJagannah UniversityDhakaBangladesh

Data processing and climate characterisation to study its impact is becoming difficult due to insufficient and unavailable data,especially in developing *** climate’s impact on burnt areas in ghana(Guinea-savannah(GSZ)and Forest-savannah Mosaic zones(FSZ))leads us to opt for machine *** Google Earth Engine(GEE),rainfall(PR),maximum temperature(Tmax),minimum temperature(Tmin),average temperature(Tmean),Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI),relative humidity(RH),wind speed(WS),soil moisture(SM),actual evapotranspiration(ETA)and reference evapotranspiration(ETR)have been acquired through CHIRPS(Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations),FLDAS dataset(Famine Early Warning Systems Network(FEWS NET)Land Data Assimilation System)and TerraClimate platform from 1991 to *** objective is to analyse the link and the contribution of climatic and environmental parameters on wildfire spread in GSZ and FSZ in *** were analysed(area burnt and the number of activefires)through Spearman correlation and the cross-correlation function(CCF)(2001 to 2021).The tests(Mann-Kendall and Sens’s slope trend test,Pettitt test and the Lee and Heghinian test)showed the overall decrease in rainfall and increase in temperature respectively(-0.1 mm;+0.8℃)in GSZ and(-0.9 mm;+0.3℃)in *** terms of impact,PR,ETR,FDI,Tmean,Tmax,Tmin,RH,ETA and SM contribute tofire *** the codes developed,researchers and decision-makers could update them at different times easily to monitor climate variability and its impact onfires.

关键词： Climate change Google Earth Engine mitigation machine learning wildfire ghana

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Yield of tuberculosis among household contacts of tuberculosis patients in Accra,ghana

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 155-162页

作者： Sally-Ann Ohene Frank Bonsu Nii Nortey Hanson-Nortey Adelaide Sackey Samuel Danso Felix Afutu Paul Klatser Mirjam Bakker World Health Organization Country Office 29 Volta Street AirportAirport Residential AreaP.O.Box MB 142AccraGhana National Tuberculosis Control Program AccraGhana Department of Global Health Academic Medical CentreAmsterdam Institute of Global Health and DevelopmentAmsterdamThe Netherlands KIT Health Royal Tropical Institute(KIT)AmsterdamThe Netherlands

Background:The End TB Strategy calls for systematic screening of selected high-risk groups including contacts of tuberculosis(TB)cases to facilitate early TB case *** investigation is not usually routinely practiced in low TB burden countries,such as ghana,with consequent paucity of data on the yield of TB case detection from such *** study’s objective was to document the outcomes and feasibility of implementing contact investigation activities under programmatic conditions in ***:Retrospective analyses were conducted of abstracted data from the National TB Program,following a contact investigation intervention for TB cases diagnosed in 10 facilities in Accra from June 2010 to December *** proportions and yield from number of contacts needed to screen(NNS)and number needed to test(NNT)to detect a TB case were ***:Overall,out of the 8519 listed contacts of 3267 index cases,8166(96%)were screened and 614(7.5%)were identified as presumptive *** of these,438(71%)underwent sputum smear microscopy/evaluation and 53 TB cases were *** these,56.6%were males,and 49%had sputum smear-positive TB,38%had sputum smear-negative TB,and 7%had extra-pulmonary *** NNS and NNT to detect a TB case of all forms were 154 and 8,*** proportion of TB cases with contacts listed and proportion of contacts screened annually were 88-96%and 83-100%,*** proportion of presumptive TB cases tested and proportion of TB cases diagnosed among contacts tested that were 100%and 36%,respectively,in 2010 dropped to 40%and 14%,respectively,by ***:The study demonstrates that contact identification and prioritization components of a contact investigation were feasible,but overall yield of TB cases may have been lower due to the declining rate of clinical evaluation of presumptive TB contacts over *** barriers to accessing appropriate diagnostic tests may enhance yield from contact inves

关键词： ghana Tuberculosis Tuberculosis contact investigation Screening

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Assessment of the usefulness of integrated disease surveillance and response on suspected ebola cases in the Brong Ahafo Region, ghana

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 168-175页

作者： Kofi Issah Kennedy Nartey Richard Amoah Emmanuel George Bachan Jacob Aleeba Enuamah Yeetey Timothy Letsa ghana Health Service Regional Health DirectorateP.O.Box 145SunyaniBrong Ahafo RegionGhana Kintampo Health Centre Ghana Health ServiceKintampoBrong Ahafo RegionGhana

Background:This study assessed the quality,core and support functions of the integrated disease surveillance and response(IDSR)system relating to 18 suspected cases of Ebola virus disease(EVD)in the Brong Ahafo Region,***:Data was collected on selected indicators of the surveillance system relating to 18 suspected cases of EVD,from epidemiological week 19 to 45 of *** conducted in-depth interviews with seven medical directors and two district directors of health services,and also reviewed documentation on the implementation of the core,support and quality functions of the IDSR *** also monitored news in the media and rumours about EVD within the community as well as in health facility surveillance ***:The study identified gaps in the implementation of IDSR relating to 18 suspected cases of *** staff heavily relied on haemorrhage as the only symptom for detection of suspected EVD *** blood samples and a swab of secretions from the mouth of the thirteenth patient(who died)tested negative for EVD using PCR assay in laboratory *** blood samples of three patients were discarded,as they did not fit the case definition for suspected cases,whilst two refused for their blood samples to be *** community-based surveillance(CBS)system has not been given a prominent role in EVD surveillance and response,as demonstrated by CBS volunteers and health staff not receiving any training in these *** was intense public interest in EVD in August and September *** interest has since waned for reasons that have to be formally *** fear of and anxiety about EVD still remain challenges due to a lack of in-depth knowledge about the disease in ***:ghana has been one of the pioneers in the implementation of IDSR in *** this,gaps have been identified in the implementation of IDSR relating to EVD in the Brong Ahafo *** address these gaps,the CBS system has to activ

关键词： Ebola Disease surveillance Brong Ahafo ghana

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Management of dog bites by frontline service providers in primary healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region of ghana,2014-2015

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 189-198页

作者： Ernest Kenu Vincent Ganu Charles Lwanga Noora Richard Adanu Margaret Lartey Department of Medicine School of Medicine and DentistryCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaKorle BuAccraGhana Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control School of Public HealthCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Korle Bu Teaching HospitalAccraGhana Sunyani Regional Hospital Ghana Health ServiceSunyaniGhana Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health School of Public HealthCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonAccraGhana.

Background:Dog bites are common in developing countries including ghana,with the victims often being *** some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others,all dog bites carry a risk of *** and initial assessment of the risk for tetanus and rabies infection with appropriate interventions such as wound management and subsequent selection of prophylactic antibiotics are essential in the management of dog *** study examined the management of patients with dog bites by frontline service providers at primary healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region,***:We conducted a cross-sectional study in 66 public health facilities in the Greater Accra Region from July 2014 to April *** to four frontline service providers were randomly selected to participate from each facility.A structured questionnaire was administered to all consenting *** variables were presented as means and standard *** frontline service providers’knowledge was assessed as a discrete variable and values obtained presented as percentages and *** chi-square test of proportions was used to determine any significant associations between the various categories of the frontline service providers and their knowledge about the management of ***:Regarding the frontline service providers’knowledge about rabies,57.8%(134/232)were correct in that the rabies virus is the causative agent of rabies,39.2%(91/232)attributed it to a dog bite,2.6%(6/232)did not know the cause,and one person(0.4%)attributed it to the herpes *** 15.5%(36/232)knew the incubation period in dogs and the period required to observe for signs of a rabies *** respect to the administration of rabies immunoglobulin,42.2%(98/232)of the frontline service providers did not know how to administer *** the facilities visited,76%(50/66)did not have the rabies vaccines and 44%(102/232)of frontline service p

关键词： Dog bites Rabies Frontline service providers Healthcare facilities Greater Accra Region ghana

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ghana's experience in the establishment of a national data center

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Earthquake Science 2012年第4期25卷 347-351页

作者： Amponsah Paulina Ekua Serfor-Armah Yaw ghana Atomic Energy Commission P.O.Box LG80 Legon Accra 233 Ghana Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences University of GhanaAtomic Campus P.O.Box AE1 Atomic Ghana Accra 233 Ghana

The government of ghana in a bilateral agreement with the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization （CTBTO） has established a National Data Center in ghana with the aim of monitoring the testing of nuclear explosions. Seismic, hydroacoustic, radionuclide and infrasound methods are used for the monitoring. The data center was commissioned on 3 February, 2010 at the ghana Atomic Energy Commission. At present ghana does not have any operational, centralised data （seismic, hydroacoustic, radionuclide and infrasound） acquisition system with the capability of accessing data from other international stations. Hence, the need of setting up the National Data Center which would enable us constantly monitor, manage and coordinate both natural and man-made seismic activities in the country and around the globe, upload data to the International Data Center （IDC） as well as receive and use International Monitoring System （IMS） data and IDC products for treaty verification and compliance. Apart from these, the center also accesses and analyzes seismic waveforms relevant to its needs from the International Data Center; makes data available to its stakeholder institutions for earthquake disaster mitigation; reports on all aspects of disasters related to earthquake to the relevant government agencies that deal with disasters; makes recommendations to the government of ghana on earthquake safety measures; provides information to assist government institutions to develop appropriate land and building policies. The center in collaboration with stakeholder agencies periodically organises public lectures on earthquake disaster risk mitigation.

关键词： ghana seismicity treaty nuclear explosion

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Transition to cleaner cooking energy in ghana

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Clean Energy 2022年第1期6卷 193-201页

作者： Richard Osei Bofah Paul Appiah-Konadu Franklin Nnaemeka Ngwu National Development Planning Commission GhanaNo.13 Switchback RoadP.O.Box CT 633Cantonments.AccraGhana University of Brescia Italy/Lagos Business School Sustainability CenterNigeriaVia Valotti 3/BBresciaItaly Lagos Business School Sustainability Center KM 22Lekki Epe Express WayAjah-LagosNigeria

Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal 7 and other related goals hinges on increased access to clean energy alternatives for all people irrespective of where they ***,most developing countries including ghana still rely largely on traditional biomass as the main source of household energy as a result of a myriad of *** the foregoing,the present study uses the ghana Living Standard Survey 7(GLSS 7)household data and the multinomial logit regression model to analyse the factors that determine the transition to cleaner cooking energy in *** analysis shows that the main determinants of household energy choice in ghana are education,household dwelling type,household size,employment and income *** education,modern housing,paid employment and higher income increase the adoption of cleaner energy,a higher dependency ratio and employment in the informal sector increase the likelihood of using unclean *** access to education and the adoption of policies to improve housing conditions,employment and incomes are recommended to encourage the adoption of cleaner energy alternatives.

关键词： cleaner cooking energy ghana households renewable energy Sustainable Development Goals transition Introduction

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A geopolitics of mud construction:Self-help and the CINVA-Ram machine in ghana and South Vietnam during the Cold War

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第6期12卷 1180-1194页

作者： Giaime Botti Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100China

In 1951,the Organization of American States established the Centro Interamericano de Vivienda y Planeamiento(CINVA)to provide specialized training to tackle the housing *** on archival documentation examined at the Rockefeller Archive Center and the Central and Historical Archive of the National University of Colombia,this article explores two significant episodes in which the story of one of the Center’s most successful outputs connects to the history of the *** thus contributes to the literature investigating the architecture and related technologies of development aid in the historical context of the Cold War with a precise focus on the role of non-governmental *** detailing the history of the CINVA-Rammachine,the pressingmachine to producerammed-earth blocks developed at theCenter andlater exportedtoAmerica,Europe,Africa,and Asia,the article explores its deployment in two different fronts of the Cold War:ghana and South *** highlighted in the conclusions,the significance of CINVA-Ram use in these contexts is ***,its diffusion,although appearing as a successful case of south-to-south cooperation,was in fact possible because of the Rockefeller family-controlled IBEC’s ***,it shows the global outreach of the intertwined action of governmental agencies,private companies,and NGOs,when fighting poverty and housing shortage via aided self-help initiatives were complementary strategies to the armed containment of ***,it discusses the role played by US governmental and non-governmental actors in advancing US interests through technoscience,highlighting how the battle against poverty in the so-called“ThirdWorld”was in this case fought with one of the oldest andsimplest construction techniques in the ideological framework of self-help.

关键词： Mud construction CINVA-Ram Housing South Vietnam Cold War ghana Buildings

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