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Climate Protection in Urban Transport--Six Scenario Studies in germany. More Climate Protection, Fewer Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Less Car Traffic

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2016年第2期4卷 75-85页

作者： Oscar Reutter Ulrike Reutter Wuppertal Institute for Climate Environment and Energy Wupperta142103 Germany School of Architecture and Civil Engineering University of Wuppertal Wupperta142285 Germany

Six German scenario studies on urban passenger transport for Munich 2058, Wuppertal 2050, Eastern Ruhr Region 2030, Tuebingen 2030, Cologne 2020 and Hanover Region 2020 investigate the key question： With which strategies and on what kind of scale, is it possible to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of urban passenger transport to accomplish the 2℃ climate protection goal with a consequently huge reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 80% to 95% by 2050 in relation to the base year 1990？ The scenarios show that the major challenge of a ＂climate-friendly city transport＂ can be achieved by appropriate measures （regarding direction and scale）： in small and medium-sized cities, large cities, cities of over a million people, and metropolitan regions. The scenarios demonstrate the extent to which the considered measures contribute to the CO2 reduction, and which gap to the achievement of the goal remains if that which is currently regarded as realistic in practice is really implemented in future. Thus, they illustrate the conflict between that which is necessary for climate protection and that which is currently considered feasible in politics. The scenarios show that it is essential to act quickly and appropriately, and not hesitantly or without conviction.

关键词： Climate protection CO2 reduction urban transport scenario studies germany.

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Is the German Energy System Sustainable？ An Analysis Based on the UNCSD Theme-Based Approach of Sustainability

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第5期5卷 610-616页

作者： H. Schlor W. Fischer J.-Fr Research Centre Julich Institute of Energy and Climate Research Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation J~lich 52425Germany

Sustainable development is a crucial element for the future of the world and a keystone of the international agenda. The Index of Sustainable Development （ISD） calculates the degree to which sustainable development has been achieved. ISD starts by （1） measuring the individual indicators of a sustainability strategy; （2） then measures the subordinate themes or pillars, which contain these indicators; （3） and finally measures the total system, consisting of the sum of the themes. The ISD provides quantified information for each of these levels for the public and political decision makers. The ISD is used to analyze as an example the sustainability of the German Energy sector, based on the targets the German Government set in its 2002 sustainability strategy.

关键词： Sustainable development energy sustainable indicators germany.

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Animal Behavior in a Fully Automatically Controlled Dairy Farm

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2015年第1期5卷 61-67页

作者： Anja Graiff Renate Luise Dorfler Manfred Hold Jorn Stumpenhausen Heinz Bernhardt Technische Universitat Miinchen Center of Life and Food Sciences Agricultural Systems Engineering Am Staudengarten 2D-85354 Freising- Weihenstephan Germany Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf Faculty of Agricultural andNutritional Sciences Am Hofgarten 1 D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany

As there are increasing numbers of small farms in germany. it is necessary for them, to keep the workload as small as possible by enhancing the use of automatism. Important as those energetic-technical capabilities and features in a modem dairy farm are, the final decision when using automatic machinery depends on the animal itself and its behavior. As a result, all animal-physiological criteria, animal protection and animal welfare have to be taken into consideration. Therefore tests have been done to investigate dairy cattle behavior on suddenly occurring energy failures, fluctuations or postponements due to a load management. The experiments have been taken in four different stables. In each stable, 12 ＂focus cows＂ have been selected. Their daily stress response was measured by a heart rate monitor and faecal cortisol metabolites. Video observation showed modifications in behavior, escape or avoidance reactions; pedometers recorded the movement activity. These scientific experiments will demonstrate cattle behavior in situations driven by a power load management, but no statistically significant effects on the usual daily routine are being expected.

关键词： Cattle behavior cortisol heart rate variability power load management smart grid germany.

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