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TEM and STEM Observations of a Flat Continuous Silicon-germanium Thin Film Epitaxially Grown on Porous Silicon

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2017年第1期5卷 26-34页

作者： Junji Yamanaka Noritaka Usami Sevak Amtablian Alain Fave Mustapha Lemiti Chiaya Yamamoto Kiyokazu Nakagawa Center for Crystal Science and Technology University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon site INSA-Lyon Villeurbanne France Center for Creative Technology University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Center for Instrumental Analysis University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan

Strain-relaxed SiGe is an attractive material for use as a substrate of strained Si, in which carrier mobility is higher than that of bulk Si. The concept of this study is the use of porous Si as a sponge like substrate so that a SiGe lattice can relax without introducing dislocations. We produced porous Si specimens by electrochemical anodization and annealed them under a H2 atmosphere. Then, SiGe thin films were grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. We observed the microstructure of the specimens using transmission electron microscopy. The result showed that we succeeded in producing a single-crys- tal continuous Si0.73Ge0.27 film with a 10% relaxation ratio and a low dislocation density on porous Si.

关键词： Porous Silicon Silicon germanium Strain Relaxation Strained Silicon Nanostructure High-Mobility Semiconductors Transmission Electron Microscopy

Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering of Amorphous germanium: Numerical Modeling

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2013年第1期3卷 19-30页

作者： R. Ben Brahim A. Chehaidar Research Unit in Mathematical Physics Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia

The present work deals with a detailed analysis of the small-angle X-ray scattering of nanoporous atomistic models for amorphous germanium. Structures with spherical nanovoids, others with arbitrarily oriented ellipsoidal ones, with monodisperse and polydisperse size distributions, were first generated. After relaxing the as-generated structure, we compute its radial distribution function, and then we deduce by the Fourier transform technique its X-ray scattering pattern. Using a smoothing procedure, the computed small-angle X-ray scattering patterns are corrected for the termination errors due to the finite size of the model, allowing so, for the first time at our best knowledge, a rigorous quantitative analysis of this scattering. The Guinier’s law is found to be valid irrespective of size and shape of the nanovoids over a scattering vector-range extending beyond the expected limit. A weighted combination of the Guinier’s forms accounts for well the nanovoid size distribution in the amorphous structure. The invariance of the Q-factor and its relationship to the void volume fraction are also confirmed. Our findings support then the quantitative analyses of available small-angle X-ray scattering data for amorphous germanium.

关键词： Amorphous germanium Structure Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Modeling

Advances in Effect of germanium or germanium Compounds on Animals—A Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第7期5卷 56-73页

作者： Lingjun Li Tao Ruan Yingnan Lyu Bangyuan Wu College of Life Science China West Normal University Nanchong China Department of Microbiology and Immunology National University of Singapore Singapore Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University) Ministry of Education Nanchong China

An increasing number of researches have been focused on the relationship between trace elements and animal health. germanium, as a widely used trace element, exists ubiquitously as germanium or germanium compounds in the living environment of human and animals, and plays important roles in animal production or health. With the intensive study of the physiological function of germanium and its compounds, the effects of germanium on animal physiological functions and health have been gradually confirmed. In this review, we discuss the metabolic distribution, physiological characteristics, biological functions, germanium deficiency and germanium toxicity. Furthermore, we focus on the effects of germanium or germanium compounds on the immunity of animals. It is concluded that germanium or germanium compounds not only has positive effect but also has negative effect on animals. This review aims to provide a reference for the future research or application of the germanium or germanium compounds on animals or human beings.

关键词： germanium germanium Compounds Physiological Function Toxicity Immunity

Detailed Theoretical Investigations on the L-Shell Absorption of Open-M-Shell germanium Plasmas:Effect of Autoionization Resonance Broadening

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第10期3卷 1670-1677页

作者： Wenjun Xiang Jiaolong Zeng Yongsheng Fu Cheng Gao Department of Physics College of Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha China

Radiative opacity of open-M-shell germanium plasmas in the L-shell photon energy region were investigated in detail by using a fully relativistic detailed level accounting approach. Among other physical effects such as relativistic and the interaction between fine-structure levels belonging to the same non-relativistic configuration and different configurations, particular attention is paid on the effect of autoionization resonance broadening on the L-shell absorption. The results show that for plasmas at present and past typical experimental conditions, line width due to autoionization resonance broadening dominate among all the physical broadening mechanisms including electron impact and Doppler broadenings. Such an effect is most pronounced for ions with just a few 2p-nd transition lines such as Ge14+, while it is not so pronounced for complex ions such as Ge16+, where there are so many 2p-nd lines that line overlapping partly conceal the effect of autoionization resonance broadening. After taking the effect of autoionization resonance broadening into account, detailed comparisons are made with available experimental spectra at different physical conditions of different plasma temperatures and densities. The L-shell absorption is sensitive to the plasma temperature, especially in the 2p-3d excitation energy region. The potential of utlizing the relative shape and intensity of the 2p-3d spin-orbit splitting as temperature diagnostics is investigated.

关键词： Autoionization Resonance Broadening germanium Absorption Radiative Opacity

THE PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY INDUCED BY germanium DIOXIDE

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首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院学报 2000年第2期5卷 176-179页

作者：李晓东高枫等

Optical Methods in Orientation of High-Purity germanium Crystal

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Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology 2013年第2期3卷 60-63页

作者： Guojian Wang Yongchen Sun Yutong Guan Dongming Mei Gang Yang Angela Alanson Chiller Bruce Gray Department of Chemistry University of South Dakota Vermillion USA. Department of Physics University of South Dakota Vermillion USA

Two optical methods, namely crystal facet reflection and etching pits reflection, were used to orient and high-purity germanium crystals. The X-ray diffraction patterns of three slices that were cut from the oriented and crystals were measured by X-ray diffraction. The experimental errors of crystal facet reflection method and etching pits reflection method are in the range of 0.05° - 0.12°. The crystal facet reflection method and etching pits reflection method are extremely simple and cheap and their accuracies are acceptable for characterizing high purity detector-grade germanium crystals.

关键词： Reflection Method High-Purity germanium Crystal

Fabrication and Characterization of PCBM:P3HT Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Doped with germanium Phthalocyanine or germanium Naphthalocyanine

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2013年第4期4卷 1-5页

作者： Kazumi Yoshida Takeo Oku Atsushi Suzuki Tsuyoshi Akiyama Yasuhiro Yamasaki Department of Materials Science The University of Shiga Prefecture Shiga Japan Department of New Business Orient Chemi- cal Industries Co. Ltd. Osaka Japan

[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester: poly (3-hexylthiophene) bulk heterojunction solar cells doped with germanium phthalocyanine or germanium naphthalocyanine were fabricated and characterized. Photovoltaic properties of the solar cells with inverted structures were investigated by optical absorption, current density-voltage characteristic and incident photon to current conversion efficiency. These germanium phthalocyanine and germanium naphthalocyanine blended as the third component absorbed light with wavelength longer than 700 nm. Morphology of solar cells was investigated by atomic force microscopy, and energy levels of the solar cells were discussed for power conversion efficiency.

关键词： Organic Solar Cell Inverted Structure Phthalocyanine germanium P3HT PCBM

The Synthesized Principle and Property of Several Extraction agents for germanium

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The Synthesized Principle and Property of Several Extraction...

具有超薄Al_(2)O_(3)钝化层的高性能近红外PtSe_(2)/n-Ge异质结光电探测器

2011 International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Neural Computing(FSNC 2011)

作者： Jie Liang Kai Xu Lijun Fan Yan Huang Chemistry Department Bijie University Colloge of Material Science and Metallurgy Engineering Guizhou University

There is an introduction of the synthesis principles and extraction performance of several kinds of germanium extraction agents including Lix63, Kelex100, and 7815. In addition, the general procedures and technical advantages of the extraction agents for germanium recycling are analyzed and compared. Finally, recommendations for the synthesis of a new generation of germanium extraction agent are proposed.

关键词： germanium Extractant Synthesis Extraction

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Science China Materials 2023年第7期66卷 2777-2787页

作者：朱清海陈叶馨朱笑东孙一军程志渊徐敬徐明生 School of Micro-Nano Electronics State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China College of Information Science&Electronic Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed of Zhejiang Province Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China

二维(2D)材料正被广泛用于宽带响应光电探测器(PD).然而,基于2D材料的宽带响应PD通常对红外波长的响应较差.在此,我们报告了垂直PtSe_(2)/超薄Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge PD在近红外照明下的优异光响应性能.我们直接硒化沉积在Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge上的P... 详细信息

二维(2D)材料正被广泛用于宽带响应光电探测器(PD).然而,基于2D材料的宽带响应PD通常对红外波长的响应较差.在此,我们报告了垂直PtSe_(2)/超薄Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge PD在近红外照明下的优异光响应性能.我们直接硒化沉积在Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge上的Pt膜以形成PtSe_(2)层.超薄Al_(2)O_(3)钝化层起到表面改性的作用,有效地削弱了光生载流子的复合.在1550 nm的光照下,我们的PtSe_(2)/超薄Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge PD的工作面积为50μm×50μm,并在零偏压下获得了4.09 A W^(-1)、32.6/18.9μs的大响应度和快速上升/下降时间.在-5 V的外加电压下,PtSe_(2)/超薄Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge PD的响应度和响应速度分别高达38.18 A W^(-1)和9.6/7.7μs.我们发现器件的工作面积对光响应特性有很大的影响.此外,我们证明PtSe_(2)/超薄Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge PD阵列在室温下显示出了优异的紫外、可见光和红外成像能力.我们的研究表明,PtSe_(2)/超薄Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge异质结在设计具有优异近红外响应性能的新兴宽带光电子器件方面具有巨大的应用前景.

关键词： 2D PtSe_(2) germanium passivation layer near-infrared photodetector