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Continuous electrodeposition of silicon and Germanium micro/nanowires from their oxides precursors in molten salt

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第5期29卷 147-153页

作者： Xingli Zou Li Ji Zhongya Pang Qian Xu Xionggang Lu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel&Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy&School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China Center for Electrochemistry Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

In recent years,silicon(Si)and Germanium(Ge)materials have been considered as promising highperformance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacities.It is of great importance to design and synthesize micro/nanostructured Si and Ge materials.In this work,we demonstrated that Si,Ge and SiGe micro/nanowires can be continuously synthesized from their oxides precursors through molten salt electrodeposition.The electrochemical synthesis processes have been investigated systematically,and the deposited Si,Ge and SiGe micro/nanowires have been characterized and compared.The results show that the micro/nanostructured Si and Ge materials with tunable morphology can be facilely and continuously produced via molten salt electrodeposition.The electrodeposition process generally includes calcium oxide-assisted dissolution and electrodeposition processes,and the morphologies of the deposited Si and Ge products can be controlled by varying conditions.Si micro/nanowires,Si films,Ge micro/nanowires,and Ge particles can be continuously synthesized in a controlled manner.

关键词： Silicon materials Germanium materials Molten salt Electrodeposition Electrochemistry

Characteristics and geological significance of Germanium in Taiyuan coal formation of Huainan Coalfield,Anhui,China

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020年第4期7卷 662-675页

作者： Dun Wu Wenyong Zhang Guijian Liu Run Zhan Guangqing Hu School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina Exploration Research Institute Anhui Provincial Bureau of Coal GeologyHefei 230088AnhuiChina Anhui Province Green Mine Engineering Research Center Hefei 230088AnhuiChina

HN-1#is the first fully working coring well of the Taiyuan Formation(Ty)in the Huinan Coalfield and exploration studies are currently underway on the associated resources of the coal-bearing strata.The HN-1#well is located in the Fufeng thrust nappe structural belt in the south of the Huainan Coalfield.Three coal samples from the Ty were collected from HN-1#and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry were used to determine the Ge content of each sample.Based on proximate and ultimate analyses,microscopy data,and analyses of the ash products,some important findings were made.The Ty coal samples had a relatively high total sulfur(Sud)content(4.24%),thus the coal was considered to be a lower ranked coal(high volatility bituminous coal),which also had a low coal ash composition index(k,1.87).Collodetrinite was the main submaceral of the Ty coal.Small amounts of pyrite particles were found in the coal seams of the Ty,while the contents of pyrite and algae in the top and bottom sections of the coal seam were relatively high,which meant that the swampy peat conditions which existed during the formation of the coal seams were affected by seawater;also the degree of mineralization of the coal seam was relatively high,which is consistent with reducing conditions in a coastal environment setting.Atomic force microscopy(AFM)experiments showed that the modes of occurrence of Ge in the Ty coal were mainly those for organic-bound and adsorbed Ge species.The organic carbon isotope values for the Ty coal ranged from-24.1‰to-23.8‰,with an average value of-24.0‰,which is equivalent to the value for terrestrial plants(average value-24.0‰).The Ge content of the Ty coal was 13.57 mg/kg.The Ge content was negatively correlated with volatile matter and the ash yield.

关键词： Germanium Modes of occurrence Chemical species ICP spectrometry Taiyuan coal formation Fufeng thrust nappe structural belt Huainan Coalfield

Photodynamics and quantum efficiency of Germanium vacancy color centers in diamond

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Advanced Photonics 2019年第6期1卷 22-28页

作者： Minh Nguyen Niko Nikolay Carlo Bradac Mehran Kianinia Evgeny A.Ekimov Noah Mendelson Oliver Benson Igor Aharonovich University of Technology Sydney School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences 2. Humboldt-Universit?t zu Berlin 3. Russian Academy of Sciences Institute for High Pressure Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Lebedev Physics Institute

Color centers in diamond—especially group Ⅳ defects—have been advanced as a viable solidstate platform for quantum photonics and information technologies. We investigate the photodynamics and characteristics of Germanium-vacancy(GeV) centers hosted in high-pressure high-temperature diamond nanocrystals. Through back-focal plane imaging, we analyze the far-field radiation pattern of the investigated emitters and derive a crossed-dipole emission, which is strongly aligned along one axis. We use this information in combination with lifetime measurements to extract the decay rate statistics of the GeV emitters and determine their quantum efficiency, which we estimated to be ～(22 ± 2)%. Our results offer further insight into the photodynamic properties of the GeV center in nanodiamonds and confirm its suitability as a desirable system for quantum technologies.

关键词： Neodymium Quantum efficiency Color centers Diamond Polymethylmethacrylate Germanium Dielectrics Glasses Photonics Interfaces

Mechanical properties of multi-scale Germanium specimens from space solar cells under electron irradiation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第1期37卷 173-185页

作者： Jian QIU Maliya HEINI Jusha MA Wenjia HAN Xunchun WANG Jun YIN Yan SHI Cunfa GAO State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China School of Chemistry and Civil Engineering Shaoguan UniversityShaoguan 512005China Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources Shanghai 200245China

During long-term service in space,Gallium Arsenide(GaAs)solar cells are directly exposed to electron irradiation which usually causes a dramatic decrease in their performance.In the multilayer structure of solar cells,the Germanium(Ge)layer occupies the majority of the thickness as the substrate.Due to the intrinsic brittleness of semiconductor material,there exist various defects during the preparation and assembly of solar cells,the influences of which tend to be intensified by the irradiation effect.In this work,first,Ge specimens for mechanical tests were prepared at scales from microscopic to macroscopic.Then,after different doses of electron irradiation,the mechanical properties of the Ge specimens were investigated.The experimental results demonstrate that electron irradiation has an obvious effect on the mechanical property variation of Ge in diverse scales.The four-point bending test indicates that the elastic modulus,fracture strength,and maximum displacement of the Ge specimens all increase,and reach the maximum value at the irradiation dose of 1×10^(15)e/cm^(2).The micrometer scale cantilever and nanoindentation tests present similar trends for Ge specimens after irradiation.Atomic Force Microscope(AFM)also observed the change in surface roughness.Finally,a fitting model was established to characterize the relation between modulus change and electron irradiation dose.

关键词： Electron irradiation Germanium Mechanical properties Multi-scale Space solar cells

High-performance Germanium n+/p junction by nickel-induced dopant activation of implanted phosphorus at low temperature

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第5期25卷 312-315页

作者：黄巍陆超余珏魏江镔陈超文汪建元徐剑芳王尘李成陈松岩刘春莉赖虹凯 Department of Physics Semiconductor Photonics Research CenterXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen 361005China Department of Physics and Oxide Research Center Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesYongin 449-791Korea

High-performance Ge n~＋/p junctions were fabricated at a low formation temperature from 325℃ to 400℃ with a metal（nickel）-induced dopant activation technique. The obtained Ni Ge electroded Ge n＋/p junction has a rectification ratio of 5.6×10~4 and a forward current of 387 A/cm^2at -1 V bias. The Ni-based metal-induced dopant activation technique is expected to meet the requirement of the shallow junction of Ge MOSFET.

关键词： Germanium metal-induced dopant activation NiGe n＋/P junction

75 GHz Germanium waveguide photodetector with 64 Gbps data rates utilizing an inductive-gain-peaking technique

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Journal of Semiconductors 2023年第1期44卷 79-84页

作者： Xiuli Li Yupeng Zhu Zhi Liu Linzhi Peng Xiangquan Liu Chaoqun Niu Jun Zheng Yuhua Zuo Buwen Cheng State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

High-performance Germanium(Ge)waveguide photodetectors are designed and fabricated utilizing the inductivegain-peaking technique.With the appropriate integrated inductors,the 3-dB bandwidth of photodetectors is significantly improved owing to the inductive-gain-peaking effect without any compromises to the dark current and optical responsivity.Measured 3-dB bandwidth up to 75 GHz is realized and clear open eye diagrams at 64 Gbps are observed.In this work,the relationship between the frequency response and large signal transmission characteristics on the integrated inductors of Ge waveguide photodetectors is investigated,which indicates the high-speed performance of photodetectors using the inductive-gainpeaking technique.

关键词： Germanium photodetectors inductive-gain-peaking optical interconnection

Germanium in Magnetite:A Preliminary Review

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第2期91卷 711-726页

作者： MENG Yumiao HU Ruizhong HUANG Xiaowen GAO Jianfeng State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China

Magnetite is a very common mineral in various types of iron deposits and some sulfide deposits. Recent studies have focused on the use of trace elements in magnetite to discriminate ore types or trace ore-forming process. Germanium is a disperse element in the crust, but sometimes is not rare in magnetite. Germanium in magnetite can be determined by laser ablation ICP-MS due to its low detection limit（0.0X ppm）. In this study, we summary the Ge data of magnetite from magmatic deposits, iron formations, skarn deposits, iron oxide copper-gold deposits, and igneous derived hydrothermal deposits. Magnetite from iron formations contains relatively high Ge（up to ~250 ppm）, whereas those from all other deposits mostly contains Ge less than 10 ppm, indicating that iron formations can be discriminated from other Fe deposits by Ge contents. Germanium in magmatic/hydrothermal magnetite is controlled by a few factors. Primary magma/fluid composition may be the major control of Ge in magnetite. Higher oxygen fugacity may be beneficial to Ge partition into magnetite. Sulfur fugacity and temperature may have little effect on Ge in magnetite. The enrichment mechanism of Ge in magnetite from iron formations remains unknown due to the complex ore genesis. Germanium along with other elements（Mn, Ni, Ga） and element ratios（Ge/Ga and Ge/Si raios） can distinguish different types of deposits, indicating that Ge can be used as a discriminate factor like Ti and V. Because of the availability of in situ analytical technique like laser ablation ICP-MS, in situ Ge/Si ratio of magnetite can serve as a geochemical tracer and may provide new constraints on the genesis of banded iron formations.

关键词： Germanium magnetite controlling factor iron deposits discriminate factor

Ethanol-assisted ablation of silicon and Germanium by temporally shaped femtosecond pulses

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Chinese Optics Letters 2015年第4期13卷 41-44页

作者：张广鸣李欣姜澜史雪松张开虎曹强陆永枫 Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory School of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln

A surprising phenomenon can be discovered by using femtosecond double-pulse ablation of silicon and germa- nium in ethanol. Tile ablation areas present an oscillation increase phenomenon when the pulse delay increases from 200 fs to 1 ps in the fluence range of 0.5-0.6 3/cm2. In contrast, the ablation areas exhibit an oscillation decrease phenonmnon as the pulse delay increases when the laser fluence F 〈 0.5 J/cm9, which is consistent with the results of the experiment in air. It is considered that the adjustment of the photon-electron coupling efficiency by pulse train technology plays an important role in the ablation process.

关键词： Electromagnetic pulse Ethanol Germanium

Using lead Germanium telluride as a high-index coating material in the mid-wavelength infrared narrow bandpass filters

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Chinese Optics Letters 2015年第12期13卷 80-83页

作者：谢平李斌张素英刘定权 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University

In our investigation, lead Germanium telluride, which is a pseudo-binary alloy of IV-VI narrow-gap semiconductor compounds of Pb Te and Ge Te, can be used in the fabrication of mid-wavelength infrared narrow bandpass filters as a high-index coating material, due to its high refractive index, lower absorption, and tunability of fundamental absorption edges. It is demonstrated that a half-width of 160 nm and a better rejection ratio can be obtained for a simple 8-layer double cavity filter with a central wavelength at 4 μm, compared with a half-width of 390 nm for those conveniently fabricated using Ge as high-index material.

关键词： Coatings Germanium Infrared radiation Plating Refractive index Water vapor