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Assessment of active tectonics from geomorphic indices and morphometric parameters in part of Ganga basin

Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第8期16卷 1943-1961页

作者： Aditya Kumar ANAND Sarada Prasad PRADHAN Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Ganga river basins exposed to active erosional and deformational processes. The recurrence of landslides, floods, and seismic activities makes it more susceptible to deformational activities. The tectonic analysis using geomorphic indices and morphometric parameters will help in determining the hazard-prone area of the river basin. geomorphic indices and morphometric parameters are calculated to investigate the role of neotectonic activities, as it acts as a controlling factor in the development of landforms in the tectonically active terrains. Neotectonic activities influence the terrain topography, which significantly affects the drainage system and geomorphological setup of the area. In this study, the assessment of active tectonics of study area was determined using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model(GDEM) based on geomorphic Indices(Stream Length Gradient index, Hypsometric integral, Asymmetry factor, Basin shape, Valley floor width to Valley height ratio, Mountain front sinuosity index) cumulatively with Linear, Areal and Relief morphometric parameters on 27 delineated basins of the study area. The combined classification of Relative Tectonic Activity Index(Iat) and morphometric parameters of 27 basins categorized all the zones into four different classes:Class 1 – Very High(2.21;299 km^2). The basins with tectonic activities have a consistent relationship with structural disturbances, basin geometry, and field studies. The tectonically active zonation of a part of Ganga basin using geomorphic indices and morphometric parameters suggest that it has significant influence of neotectonic activities in a part of Ganga basin.

关键词： Linear parameters Areal parameters Relief parameters geomorphic Indices Relative Tectonic Activity Index Ganga river basins

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Quantitative analysis of the macro-geomorphic evolution of Buyuan Basin, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第5期16卷 1035-1047页

作者： GU Zhen-kui FAN Hui SONG Zhao-jun Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security Yunnan University Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security Yunnan University Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Minerals College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology

Buyuan River, the largest tributary within the Chinese Lancang-Mekong River region downstream of the Jinghong Dam, plays a crucial role in river function and ecosystem service of the Lancang-Mekong River. The geomorphic evolution of a basin exerts a key control on riverine sediment input and transport. In this study, the geomorphic characteristics of Buyuan Basin are analyzed using morphological parameters, hydrodynamic parameters and the stream power river incision model. The results show that: 1) The slight north-south difference of channel density is most likely due to lithology and independent of tectonic activity and climate. 2) The weak tectonic activity and the low hypsometric integral(HI) value suggest that the macroscopic landform condition limits erosion and sediment production. 3) The logarithmic longitudinal profile of the main channel defends that the upstream sediments generated by erosion are easily deposited in the downstream channel, rather than being transported directly into the Lancang-Mekong River. 4) Approximately 74% of the reaches have annual average stream power less than 500 W·m^(-1). The narrow variation ranges of stream power in 50% of the river channel indicate relatively stable hydrodynamic environment. 5) Stream erosion and tectonic activity make the longitudinal profiles of the main channel and most tributary channels unstable. The wide range(between 22.01 and 45.58 with θ=0.43) of steepness index(k_(sn)) of longitudinal profiles implies differential uplift in the basin.

关键词： geomorphic parameters Steepness index Stream power Lancang-Mekong River

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Preliminary studies on the large-scale geomorphic patterns of the complex longitudinal sand ridge zone in the Taklimakan Desert

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第S2期53卷 177-189页

作者： YUE Jian LEI JiaQiang MU GuiJin Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Through analysis of satellite images from Google Earth, this article expounds the characteristics of large-scale geomorphic patterns of the complex longitudinal sand ridge zone in the Taklimakan Desert, and reduces the large-scale geomorphic patterns to six types: parallel pattern, "日"character-shaped and "乡" character-shaped pattern, comb-shaped pattern, fork-shaped pattern, toe-shaped pattern and miscellaneous pattern. And according to the large-scale geomorphic pattern type (or composition of pattern types) as well as some other factors, the article divides the complex longitudinal sand ridge zone into 55 subzones. Lastly, aiming at the genetic problems of the large-scale geomorphic patterns, the article suggests three connective types of the sand ridges in the complex longitudinal sand ridge zone, i.e., connecting or intersecting after natural elongation, connecting in a narrow place and connecting with the aid of intermediary.

关键词： Taklimakan Desert complex longitudinal sand ridges large-scale geomorphic pattern subzone Google Earth

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Thickness of calcium carbonate coats on stones of the Heishanxia terraces of the Yellow River and dating of coarse clastic sedimentary geomorphic surfaces

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第19期47卷 1594-1600页

作者： Chengqi Xing Gongming Yin Guoyu Ding Yanchou Lu Xuhui Shen Qinjian Tian Zhizhang Chai Kaibo Wei Beijing Seismological Bureau Beijing 100080 China Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 China Center for Analysis and Prediction China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100036 China Seismol. Bur. N. Hui Autonomous Reg. Yinchuan 750001 China

The calcium carbonate coats on stones developed in soil on the geomorphic surfaces of coarse clastic sediments in arid-semiarid regions contain evident information of age. The thickness of coats can be used not only as a good age indicator for the geomorphic surfaces but also coats themselves can be directly used as dating materials in the ESR method. Through measuring the thickness of carbonate coats on stones in soils on the alluvial terraces in the mouth of the Heishanxia gorge of the Yellow River and ESR dating of layers separated from the carbonate coats, the average of accumulation rates of the thickness of carbonate coats on stones since 1.57 Ma was calculated to be 0.10 mm/ka in the studied area, and a regression equation between carbonate coat thickness and age was also generated. From these research results, ages of T2-T11 terraces of the Yellow River in the studied area were systematically determined, and their values are in turn 18 ka, 94 ka, 139 ka, 215 ka, 305 ka, 410 ka, 495 ka, 742 ka,

关键词： dating method of carbonate coats on stones soil devel-opment Yellow River terraces geomorphic surfaces Heishanxia gorge.

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ANALYSES OF RECENT geomorphic EVOLUTION OF GARGATHY INLET, EASTERN SHORE OF VIRGINIA, U. S. A.

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1992年第1期10卷 9-22页

作者：张乔民 R.J.Byrne G.R.Thomas South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica Guangzhou 510301 Virginia Institute of Marine Science VA 23062 U.S.A

Uargathy Inlet is a small natural tidal inlet in the northern region ol the Virginia Darner island chain. It is 100 m wide with a throat cross-sectional area of 384m2 and an average tidal prism of 6.47 x 106 m3. The inside drainage system is 7.8 km long and 2.2km wide. The main channels comprise 5.8% of the area, shallow lagoons 19.8%, and Spartina marshes 74.4% in 1970. Over the period 1851 - 1989 the inlet narrowed and migrated northward while maintaining a weakening downdrift offset. The nearby barrier island coastline’s rapid retreat (average rate 4.78m /a, 138 years retreat 660 m) was accompanied by back barrier channel and lagoon filling and a decrease in intertidal water volume which was probably the main reason for the entrance narrowing. The northward migration of the inlet was related to the dredging of the Inside Passage (before 1949) and the breaching of southern Metompkin Island (since 1957) connected with the inlet system. This altered the interior tidal circulation and likely shifted

关键词： geomorphic evolution Gargathy Inlet

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geomorphic EVIDENCES FOR CENOZOIC UPLIFT IN THE EASTERN MARGIN OF QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 277-278页

作者： Li Yong,Hou Zhongjian,Si Guangying[WT5,5”BX](Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059,China)<

The uplift history has been becoming the key for the geological science of Qinghai—Tibet plateau. The scholars abroad have reconstructed uplift history of the plateau by studying geological process of the inner globe, they considered that the altitude of the plateau got up to the maximum at 14Ma (M.Coleman et al, 1995; S.Turner et al, 1993)or the plateau got to the present elevation at about 8Ma (T.M.Harrison,1992). The Chinese geologists make use of substitutes of outer environmental elements to deduce that the uplift of Qinghai—Tibet plateau began from 3 4Ma(Li Jijun,1995). It is obvious that there are the different views and controversies about the plateau uplift history.

关键词： geomorphic evidences Cenozoic uplift Qinghai—Tibet Plateau Western Sichuan

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geomorphic Evidence for and Rate of Sinistral Strike-slip Movement Along Northwest-trending Faults in Chaoshan Plain

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Earthquake Research in China 2000年第4期14卷 66-75页

作者： Wang Yipeng , Song Fangmin , Huang Qingtuan , and Chen WeiguangInstitute of Geology, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029, ChinaXiamen Seismological Survey and Research Center, Seismological Bureau of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China Institu Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 China Xiamen Seismological Survey and Research Center Seismological Bureau of Fujian Province Xiamen 361021 China Institute for Engineering Earthquake Prevention Seismological Bureau of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510070 China

Two sets of active faults,northwest-and northeast-trending faults,are developed in the Chao-shan Plain of East Guangdong.After detailed interpretation of aerophotos,we have found outthat there is the clear phenomenon of sinistral dislocation of drainage system on the Huang-gang-shui fault and part of Fengshun-Shantou fault.Field investigation confirmed that the geo-morphic bodies along the two faults have undergone displacement.Large-scale topographicmapping was made at three displaced sites and samples for age dating were collected from thegeomorphic booies.Calculation indicates that the average rate of sinistral strike-slip movementin the Holocene time amounts to 1.11±0.09～2.69±0.24mm/a along the Huanggangshuifault and 3.26±0.26mm/a along the Fengshun-Shantou fault.These two more active NW-trending faults extend into sea area,where they intersect the NE-trending strongly active Nius-han Island-Xiongdi Isle-Nanpeng Isles fault at a depth of 40～50m in water.The intersection isa location favorable

关键词： Chaoshan Plain Fault Strike-slip rate geomorphic body

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Evaluate Tectonic Activity of Tehran City (Iran) Based on geomorphic Indices, Field Investigation and Remote Sensing Study

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2019年第1期8卷 19-36页

作者： Z. Mohammadi Asl M. R. Abbassi Department of Geophysics Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto Japan International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology Tehran Iran

Active tectonics in the south part of Alborz Mountain (Iran) has greatly influenced the drainage system and geomorphic expressions. The metropolis of Tehran is located at the southern foothills of the Alborz Mountains at the abrupt topographic boundary between the mountain range and the northern border of the central Kavir Desert. The presence of active faults and tectonic activity, threatens the area and shows the vulnerability of this Tehran city. So the evaluation of active tectonics of Tehran City is necessary because of vast human activity, which has hidden geomorphic feature. Active tectonics of Tehran City was evaluated by using Digital elevation model (DEM) derived drainage network and three geomorphic indices basin (asymmetry factor (AF), basin shape index (Bs) and mountain front sinuosity (Smf)). The average of the three measured geomorphic indices was used to evaluate the distribution of relative tectonic activity in the study area. Furthermore to overcome some inevitable error in this method, field investigation was carried out also remote sense was studied, and finally the obtained results were compared with existing seismic data. The result confirms that the East South, East North and West North Tehran have high rate of relative tectonic activity (RTA) respectively.

关键词： Alborz Mountain geomorphic Indices Asymmetry Factor Basin Shape Index Mountain Front Sinuosity

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Application of remote sensing and GIS analysis for identifying groundwater potential zone in parts of Kodaikanal Taluk, South India

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2013年第1期7卷 65-75页

作者： Murugesan BAGYARAJ Thirunavukkarasu RAMKUMAR Senapathi VENKATRAMANAN Balasubramanian GURUGNANAM Department of Earth Sciences Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar 608002 India Department of Geology Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed University Gandhigarm 624302 India

Groundwater potential zones were demarcated with the help of remote sensing and Geographic Informa- tion System （GIS） techniques. The study area is composed rocks of Archaean age and chamockite dominated over others. The parameters considered for identifying the groundwater potential zone of geology slope, drainage density, geomorphic units and lineament density were generated using the resource sat （IRS P6 LISS IV MX） data and survey of India （SO1） toposheets of scale 1：50000 and integrated them with an inverse distance weighted （IDW） model based on GIS data to identify the ground- water potential of the study area. Suitable weightage factors were assigned for each category of these para- meters. For the various geomorphic units, weightage factors were assigned based on their capability to store ground-water. This procedure was repeated for all the other layers and resultant layers were reclassified. The reclassi- fied layers were then combined to demarcate zones as very good, good, moderate, low, and poor. This groundwater potentiality information could be used for effective identification of suitable locations for extraction of potable water for rural populations.

关键词： remote sensing GIS slope geomorphic lineament Kodaikanal

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Effect of suspended sediment grain size on channel sedimentation in the lower Yellow River and some implications

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第8期52卷 2330-2339页

作者： XU JiongXin HU ChunHong CHEN JianGuo Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesKey Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface ProcessesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100044China

Based on the data of suspended sediment transport and channel sedimentation in various grain size fractions in the period of 1962―1985, the relationship between channel sedimentation in the lower Yellow River and sediment input has been plotted with respect to each grain size fraction. Several fill-scour thresholds in sediment input have been identified from these graphs. It was found that the fill-scour threshold in sediment input decreases with the increase in fraction grain size. The correlation coefficient between channel sedimentation and sediment input becomes larger with the increasing fraction grain size, indicating that channel sedimentation depends more on coarser grain size fractions than on smaller ones. The fraction channel sedimentation induced by unit change of fraction sediment input increases with grain size. Of the input of sediment larger than 0.025 mm, 43.73% was deposited on the channel, and for inputs of sediments larger than 0.05 mm and larger than 0.10 mm, 76.61% and 97.68% were deposited on the channel, respectively. Thus, for reduction of each ton of sediment larger than 0.10 mm from the drainage basin, the resultant reduction in channel sedimentation in the lower Yellow River would be 1.275 times that for the sediment larger than 0.10 mm, and 2.234 times that for the sediment larger than 0.025 mm. Therefore, if the erosion and sediment control measures are enforced in the areas where >0.05 or >0.10 mm sediment is produced, then the best beneficial will be achieved in reducing sedimentation in the lower Yellow River.

关键词： channel sedimentation sediment grain size sediment storage geomorphic threshold the Yellow River

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