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Petroleum Science 2013年第2期10卷 171-182页

作者： Zou Caineng Gong Yanjie Tao Shizhen Liu Shaobo Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery

＂Continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source rocks and ＂＇continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the middle- south transition region, Sichuan Basin. The source rocks of the Xul Member and reservoir rocks of the Xu2 Member are thick （Xul Member： 40 m, Xu2 Member： 120 m） and are distributed continuously in this study area. The results of drilled wells show that the widespread sandstone reservoirs of the Xu2 Member are charged with natural gas. Therefore, the natural gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region are ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs. The accumulation of ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is controlled by an adequate driving force of the pressure differences between source rocks and reservoirs, which is demonstrated by a ＂one-dimensional＂ physical simulation experiment. In this simulation, the natural gas of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs moves tbrward with no preferential petroleum migration pathways （PPMP）, and the natural gas saturation of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is higher than that of conventional reservoirs.

关键词： geological characteristics accumulation mechanism "continuous" tight gas reservoir Xu2Member middle-south transition region Sichuan Basin

Tectonic Evolution and geological characteristics of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in Marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic Strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第5期17卷 1075-1090页

作者： YUAN Yong CHEN Jianwen ZHANG Yuxi LIANG Jie ZHANG Yinguo ZHANG Penghui Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology Qingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China Faculty of Earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

The South Yellow Sea Basin is the main body of the lower Yangtze area in which marine Mesozoic–Paleozoic strata are widely *** latest geophysical data were used to overcome the limitation of previous poor-quality deep ***,the geological characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the marine Mesozoic–Paleozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin were analyzed by comparing the source rocks and the reservoir and utilizing drilling and outcrop *** is believed that the South Yellow Sea Basin roughly underwent six evolutionary stages:plate spreading,plate convergence,stable platform development,foreland basin development,faulted basin development,and depression basin *** South Yellow Sea Basin has characteristics of a composite platform-fault depression geological structure,with a half-graben geological structure and with a ‘sandwich structure' in the vertical *** sets of hydrocarbon source rocks developed – the upper Permian Longtan–Dalong formation,the lower Permian Qixia formation,the lower Silurian Gaojiabian formation,and the lower Cambrian Hetang formation/Mufushan formation,giving the South Yellow Sea Basin relatively good hydrocarbon *** carbonate is the main reservoir rock type in the South Yellow Sea area,and there are four carbonate reservoir types:porous dolomitic,reef-bank,weathered crust,and *** are reservoir-forming horizons similar to the typical hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Yangtze land area developed in the South Yellow Sea,and there are three sets of complete source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages developed in the marine strata,with very good hydrocarbon potential.

关键词： South Yellow Sea Basin tectonic evolution hydrocarbon geological characteristics marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic strata

Prediction of geological characteristics from shield operational parameters by integrating grid search and K-fold cross validation into stacking classification algorithm

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第4期14卷 1292-1303页

作者： Tao Yan Shui-Long Shen Annan Zhou Xiangsheng Chen MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCollege of EngineeringShantou UniversityShantouGuangdong 515063China Discipline of Civil and Infrastructure School of EngineeringRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology(RMIT)Victoria3001Australia College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518060China

This study presents a framework for predicting geological characteristics based on integrating a stacking classification algorithm(SCA) with a grid search(GS) and K-fold cross validation(K-CV). The SCA includes two learner layers: a primary learner’s layer and meta-classifier layer. The accuracy of the SCA can be improved by using the GS and K-CV. The GS was developed to match the hyper-parameters and optimise complicated problems. The K-CV is commonly applied to changing the validation set in a training set. In general, a GS is usually combined with K-CV to produce a corresponding evaluation index and select the best hyper-parameters. The torque penetration index(TPI) and field penetration index(FPI) are proposed based on shield parameters to express the geological characteristics. The elbow method(EM) and silhouette coefficient(Si) are employed to determine the types of geological characteristics(K) in a Kmeans++ algorithm. A case study on mixed ground in Guangzhou is adopted to validate the applicability of the developed model. The results show that with the developed framework, the four selected parameters, i.e. thrust, advance rate, cutterhead rotation speed and cutterhead torque, can be used to effectively predict the corresponding geological characteristics.

关键词： geological characteristics Stacking classification algorithm(SCA) K-fold cross-validation(K-CV) K-means++

geological characteristics of the southern segment of the Late Sinian–Early Cambrian Deyang-Anyue rift trough in Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第2期50卷 321-333页

作者： LI Rong WANG Yongxiao WANG Zecheng XIE Wuren LI Wenzheng GU Mingfeng LIANG Zirui PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China PetroChina Hangzhou geological Research Institute Hangzhou 310023China Sinopec Exploration Company Chengdu 610000China

Based on the latest drilling, seismic and field outcrop data, the geological characteristics(e.g. strata, development and sedimentary evolution) of the southern segment of the Late Sinian–Early Cambrian Deyang–Anyue rift trough in the Sichuan Basin are analyzed. First, the strata in the southern segment are complete. The first to second members of Dengying Formation(Deng 1 + Deng 2) are found with relatively stable thickness(400–550 m), and the third to fourth members(Deng 3+ Deng 4) show great thickness difference between the marginal trough and the inner trough, which is up to 250 m. The Cambrian Maidiping Formation and Qiongzhusi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin are relatively thin, with the thickness changing greatly and frequently. Second, the Deyang–Anyue rift trough extended southward during the Deng 4 period, affecting southern Sichuan Basin. Compared to the middle and northern segments of the rift trough, the southern segment is generally wide, gentle and shallow, with multiple steps, and alternating uplifts and sags, which are distributed in finger shape. Third, the Deng 1 + Deng 2 in southern Sichuan Basin records the dominance of carbonate platform and unobvious sedimentary differentiation, and the Deng 4 exhibits obvious sedimentary differentiation, namely, basin–slope–secondary slope–slope–secondary slope–platform margin–restricted platform, from the inner trough to the marginal trough. Fourth, the rift trough in southern Sichuan Basin has evolved in four stages: stabilization of Deng 1–Deng 2, initialization of Deng 3–Deng 4, filling of Maidiping–Qiongzhusi, and extinction of Canglangpu Formation.

关键词： Deyang-Anyue rift trough geological characteristics secondary slope development and evolution Cambrian Maidiping Formation Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation Sinian Dengying Formation Sichuan Basin

Preliminary Study of geological characteristics and Genesis of Longkong Graphite Deposit in Qilian Mountain

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Preliminary Study of Geological Characteristics and Genesis ...

geological and Geochemical characteristics and Exploration Prospect of Coal-Derived Tight Sandstone Gas in China： Case Study of the Ordos, Sichuan, and Tarim Basins

作者： Tianji ZHANG Diange CONG Meiqing SUN Ereng REN School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing) geological Engineering Department of Qinghai University Qinghai geological Survey Institute

Longkong graphite deposit is a new deposit discovered in recent years in the Qilian Orogenic Belt,it is located in the Qilian Block and North Qilian suture zone or their *** graphite ore-bodies have been revealed by exploratory trench in the deposit,and their fixed carbon content values are 2.44-9.73×*** deposit occurred in the gneiss and marble rocks of early paleozoic Tuolai *** on the study of metallogenic geological background,deposit features and the occurrence states of ore minerals,the geochemical characteristics of ore and the hosted rocks were *** study shows that the protoliths of ore-bearing rock include clastic rocks,mid-basic volcano rocks and *** the metamorphism of low amphibolite facies occurred and tectonism superposed,carbon released from carbonate and crystallized into flaky graphite under certain *** genetic classification,it belongs to the regional metamorphic *** is considered that Longkong graphite carbon derived from inorganic carbon.

关键词： Graphite deposit geological characteristics Genesis of deposit Qilian

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第4期92卷 1609-1626页

作者： ZOU Caineng TAO Shizhen HAN Wenxue ZHAO Zhenyu MA Weijiao LI Changwei BAI Bin GAO Xiaohui Petro China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Beijing 100083 China College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590 Shandong China

This work extensively investigated global tight sandstone gas, and geologically and geochemically analyzed the tight sandstone gas in China＇s Ordos, Sichuan, and Tarim basins. We compared typical tight sandstone gas in China with that in North America. We proposed six conditions for the formation of China＇s tight sandstone gas, and illustrated the geological characteristics of tight sandstone gas. In China, gas-bearing tight sandstones were mainly deposited in continental lake deltas and marine-terrigenous facies basin environments, associated with coal-measure strata, and were mostly buried deeper than 2000 in under a formation pressure of 20-30 MPa, with pressure coefficients varying from overpressure to negative pressure. In other countries, tight gas bearing sandstones were dominantly deposited in marine to marine-terrigenous facies environments, occurred in coal-measure strata, and were mostly buried shallower than 2000 m in low-pressure systems. We systematically analyzed tight sandstone gas in the Ordos, Sichuan, and Tarim basins in terms of chemical compositions, geochemical characteristics of carbon isotopes, origins, and sources. Tight sandstone gas in China usually has a hydrocarbon content of 〉95%, with CH4 content 〉90%, and a generally higher dry coefficient. In the three above-mentioned large tight sandstone gas regions,δ13C1 and δJ3C2 mainly ranges from -42%o to -28%o and from -28%o to -21%o, respectively. Type III coal-measure source rocks that closely coexist with tight reservoirs are developed extensively in these gas regions. The organic petrology of source rocks and the carbon isotope compositions of gas indicate that tight sandstone gas in China is dominantly coal-derived gas generated by coal-measure strata. Our analysis of carbon isotope series shows that local isotope reversals are mainly caused by the mixing of gases of different maturities and that were generated at different stages. With increasing maturity, the reversal tendency becomes m

关键词： coal-derived gas tight sandstone gas geological characteristics geochemistry origin exploration potential

Formation Applicability Analysis of Stimulated Reservoir Volume Fracturing and Case Analysis

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Petroleum 2021年第2期7卷 160-167页

作者： Huan Zhao Wei Li Hui Pu Konghang Yang College of Petroleum Engineering Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqingHeilongjing163318China Department of Petroleum Engineering University of North DakotaGrand ForksND58202USA Tazhong Oil and Gas Development Department Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorla841000China

Stimulated Reservoir Volume(SRV)fracturing is a key technology of unconventional oil and gas exploration and *** gain a deeper understanding of tight sandstone reservoirs and draw on the development experience of hydraulic fracturing,the authors conduct a large number of detailed investigations of geological characteristics in the regions that have implemented SRV *** on the data of rock mechanics parameters,insitu stress characteristics,brittleness characteristics and natural fractures,the influencing factors of SRV fracturing in tight oil reservoirs were *** results show that the SRV fracturing is suitable for geological reservoirs with the characteristics of medium to high elastic modulus,low to medium Poisson’s ratio,low stress difference,medium to high brittleness and naturally fractured reservoirs,where natural fractures have a significant *** A,a tight sandstone region,has moderate elastic modulus,low Poisson’s ratio,low ground stress difference and medium brittleness,and has the feasibility of volume *** field case of the Y325 well shows that SRV fracturing technology has obvious effect on increasing *** technology is applicable to the Region A.

关键词： Tight sandstone reservoir Shale reservoir geological characteristics SRV fracturing

A synthesis of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan,NW China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1271-1287页

作者： Jiahao Zheng Department of Earth and Space Sciences Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

The northern Xinjiang region is one of the most significant iron metallogenic provinces in *** deposits are found mainly within three regions:the Altay,western Tianshan,and eastern Tianshan orogenic *** studies have elaborated on the genesis of Fe deposits in the Altay orogenic belt and western ***,the geological characteristics and mineralization history of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan are still poorly *** this paper I describe the geological characteristics of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan,and discuss their genetic types as well as metallogenic-tectonic settings,Iron deposits are preferentially distributed in central and southern parts of the eastern *** known iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan show characteristics of magmatic Fe-Ti-V(e.g.,Weiya and Niumaoquan),sedimentary-metamorphic type(e.g.,Tianhu),and iron skarn(e.g.,Hongyuntan).In addition to the abovementioned iron deposits,many iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan are hosted in submarine volcanic rocks with well-developed skarn mineral *** geological characteristics and magnetite compositions suggest that they may belong to distal *** zircon U-Pb analyses suggest that the Fe-Ti oxide ores from Niumaoquan and Weiya deposits were formed at 307.7±1.3 Ma and 242.7±1.9 Ma,*** with available isotopic age data,the timing of Fe mineralization in the eastern Tianshan can be divided into four broad intervals:Early Ordovician-Early Silurian(476-438 Ma),Carboniferous(335-303 Ma),Early Permian(295-282 Ma),and Triassic(ca.243 Ma).Each of these episodes corresponds to a period of subduction,post-collision,and intraplate tectonics during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic time.

关键词： Iron deposits geological characteristics Ore-forming ages Genetic types Eastern Tianshan

geological Conditions and Prospect Forecast of Shale Gas Formation in Qiangtang Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第2期88卷 598-619页

作者： YU Yuanjiang ZOU Caineng DONG Dazhong WANG Shejiao LI Jianzhong YANG Hua LI Denghua LI Xinjing WANG Yuman HUANG Jinliang PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development

The presence of shale gas has been confirmed in almost every marine shale distribution area in North *** conditions of shale gas in China are the most favorable for marine,organic-rich shale as *** there has been little research focusing on shale gas in Qiangtang Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,where a lot of Mesozoic marine shale formations *** on the survey results of petroleum geology and comprehensive test analysis data for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,for the first time,this paper discusses characteristics of sedimentary development,thickness distribution,geochemistry,reservoir and burial depth of organic-rich shale,and geological conditions for shale gas formation in Qiangtang *** are four sets of marine shale strata in Qiangtang Basin including Upper Triassic Xiaochaka Formation （T3x）,Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation （J2b）,Xiali Formation （J2x） and Upper Jurassic Suowa Formation （J3s）,the sedimentary types of which are mainly bathyal-basin facies,open platform-platform margin slope facies,lagoon and tidal-fiat facies,as well as delta *** comparing it with the indicators of gas shale in the main ***,it was found that the four marine shale formations in Qiangtang Basin constitute a multi-layer distribution of organic-rich shale,featuring a high degree of thickness and low abundance of organic matter,high thermal evolution maturity,many kinds of brittle minerals,an equivalent content of quartz and clay minerals,a high content of feldspar and low porosity,which provide basic conditions for an accumulation of shale gas *** Formation shale is widely distributed,with big thickness and the best gas generating *** is the main gas source *** Formation shale is of intermediate thickness and coverage area,with relatively good gas generating indicators and moderate gas formation *** Formation shale and Suowa Formation shale are of relatively large thickness,and covering a small area,with p

关键词： Shale gas marine shale geological characteristics geological conditions for gas formation resources prospect forecast Qiangtang Basin

Types and characteristics of Volcanostratigraphic Boundaries and Their Oil-Gas Reservoir Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第1期89卷 163-174页

作者： TANG Huafeng Phiri CRYTON GAO Youfeng HUANG Yulong BIAN Weihua College of Earth Sciences Jilin University

Just like in sedimentary stratigraphy, the factor for constructing volcanostratigraphic volcanostratigraphic boundary is an important framework. The fundamental factor of volcanostratigraphic boundaries is to classify the types and define their characteristics. Based on field investigation and cross-wells section analysis of Mesozoic volcanostratigraphy in NE China, 5 types of volcanostratigraphic boundaries have been recognized, namely eruptive conformity boundary （ECB）, eruptive unconformity boundary （EUB）, eruptive interval unconformity boundary （EIUB）, tectonic unconformity boundary （TUB） and intrusive contacts boundary （ICB）. Except ICB, the unconformity boundaries can be divided into angular unconformity and paraconformity. The time spans and signs of these boundaries are analyzed by using age data of some volcanic fields that have been published. The time spans of ECB and EUB are from several minutes to years. In lava flows, cooling crust is distributed above and below ECB and EUB; in pyroclastic flows, airfalls and lahars, a fine layer below these boundaries has no discernable erosion at every part of the boundary. EUB may be curved or cross curved and jagged. The scale of ECB/EUB is dependent on the scale of lava flow or pyroclastic flows. The time span of EIUB is from decades to thousands of years. There is also weathered crust under EIUB and sedimentary rock beds overlie EIUB. In most instances, weathered crust and thin sedimentary beds are associated with each other laterally. The boundary is a smooth curved plane. The scale of EIUB is dependent on the scale of the volcano or volcano groups. The characteristics of TUB are similar to EIUB＇s. The time interval of TUB is from tens of thousands to millions of years. The scale of TUB depends on the scale of the basin or volcanic field. Both the lab data and logging data of wells in the Songliao Basin reveal that the porosity is greatly related to the boundaries in the lava flows. There is a high-porosity belt

关键词： volcanostratigraphy unconformity boundary geological characteristics northeast part ofChina volcanic rocks