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genetic Diversity in ex-situ Conserved Lens culinaris for Botanical Descriptors, Biochemical and Molecular Markers and Identification of Landraces from Indigenous genetic resources of Pakistan

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第4期50卷 484-490页

作者： Tayyaba Sultana Abdul Ghafoor Government College University Faisalabad PakistanPlant Genetic Resources Program Institute of Agri Biotechnology and Genetic Resources National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad Pakistan Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan

Lentil, one of the oldest legumes was investigated for diversity based on botanical descriptors, total seed proteins, isozymes and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers. About one fourth of accessions were heterogeneous for botanical descriptors and a seed protein profile. The germplasm collected from the province of Baluchiatan revealed the prevalence of indigenous landraces as high diversity was observed for all of the techniques. Diversity explored through various techniques revealed validity irrespective of the sample size or geographic pattem, RAPD being the best choice for investigating both inter- and intra-acceaaion variation in lentil. Although all of the techniques were able to resolve genetic diversity in lentil, isozymea and seed proteins gave low levels of genetic diversity, suggesting that more investigation into isozymea of specific proteins is required. RAPD is the best option for determining inter- and intra-acceaaion variation, and will be required to extend germplaama and primers to continue the study of botanical descriptors.

关键词： DNA marker genetic resource lentil sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Vegetable genetic resources in China

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2018年第2期4卷 83-88页

作者： WANG Haiping LI Xixiang SONG Jiangping Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Beijing Research Station of Vegetable Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement Ministry of Agriculture

China is recognized as an important region for plant biodiversity based on its vast and historical collection of vegetable germplasm. The aim of this review is to describe the exploration status of vegetable genetic resources in China, including their collection, preservation, evaluation, and utilization. China has established a number of national-level vegetable genetic resources preservation units, including the National Mid-term Genebank for Vegetable Germplasm resources, the National Germplasm Repository for Vegetatively-Propagated Vegetables, and the National Germplasm Repository for Aquatic Vegetables. In 2015, at least 36 000 accessions were collected and preserved in these units. In the past decade, 44 descriptors and data standards for different species have been published, and most accessions have been evaluated for screening the germplasms for specific important traits such as morphological characteristics, disease resistance, pest resistance, and stress ***, the genetic diversity and evolution of some vegetable germplasms have been evaluated at the molecular level. Recently, more than 1 000 accessions were distributed to researchers and breeders each year by various means for vegetable research and production. However,additional wild-relative and abroad germplasms from other regions need to be collected and preserved in the units to expand genetic ***, there is a need to utilize advanced techniques to better understand the background and genetic diversity of a wide range of vegetable genetic resources. This review will provide agricultural scientists' insights into the genetic diversity in China and provide information on the distribution and potential utilization of these valuable genetic resources.

关键词： vegetable genetic resource preservation evaluation utilization

The Evaluation Criteria of Some Botanical Quantitative Characters of Peach genetic resources

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第12期5卷 905-910页

作者： WANG Li-rong ZHU Geng-rui FANG Wei-chao Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou 450009 P.R.China

There were two peach descriptors systems： one from IPRGI in 1980 and the other from China in 1990. The former had only reference cultivars without quantity grades; the latter had only a list of some eharacteristics. This makes it difficult sharing of genetic resource information for breeders. To describe the main quantitative characteristics, a new system was established. Ten characteristics of 346-476 peach cultivars were investigated from 1986 to 2002 in the National Peach genetic Collection in Zhengzhou City, China. These characteristics and their coefficients of variation were as follows： flower diameter 19.55%, vertical diameter of fruit 14.24%, cheek diameter of fruit 10.36%, suture diameter of fruit 11.44%, stone length 19.04%, stone width 10.86%, stone thickness 11.19%, leaf length 7.9%, leaf width 10.55%, and leaf stalk length 19.03%, respectively. Grade index and reference cultivars were given by statistical data for peach description. These grade indexes were recorded on 1-5 grades, and the third grade as a middle one occupied 39% or more of the distribution. In general, two reference cultivars for each grade were chosen, one is USA cultivar and the other is Chinese cultivar. This paper tried to use them as the reference cultivars, which are planted or used widely by Chinese breeders.

关键词： peach genetic resource botanical quantity characters description

Achievements and prospects of grass pea(Lathyrus sativus L.) improvement for sustainable food production

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The Crop Journal 2016年第5期4卷 407-416页

作者： Girish Prasad Dixit Ashok Kumar Parihar Abhishek Bohra Narendra Pratap Singh ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR)

Grass pea offers an attractive choice for sustainable food production, owing to its intrinsic properties including limited water requirement and drought tolerance. However, low productivity and the presence of a neurotoxin(ODAP) have posed major obstacles to its genetic improvement. Also, biotechnological investments remain limited and the genome is complex and not well understood. Strategies that allow identification of genotypes with reduced ODAP content, coupling of low ODAP content with enhanced yield, and effective seed detoxification methods merit immediate attention. Breeder-friendly genomic tools are being increasingly made available to improve the efficiency of breeding protocols. To this end, the application of next-generation sequencing has provided a means of leveraging the repertoire of genomic resources for this somewhat neglected crop. In this review, we describe progress achieved in Lathyrus genetic improvement. We also explore potential opportunities in Lathyrus research and identify urgent research needs.

关键词： Grass pea genetic resource genetic improvement Molecular marker Molecular breeding Toxin

Identification and Characterization of Drought Stress-Responsive Novel microRNAs in Dongxiang Wild Rice

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Rice science 2018年第4期25卷 175-184页

作者： ZHANG Fantao LUO Yuan ZHANG Meng ZHOU Yi CHEN Hongping HU Biaolin XIE Jiankun College of Life Sciences Jiangxi Normal University Rice Research Institute Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are non-coding small RNAs, which play important regulatory roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Dongxiang wild rice （Oryza rufipogon, DXWR） can survive in extreme drought environment, but its molecular mechanism of drought resistance is still largely unknown. To further explore miRNA regulatory mechanisms involved in drought resistance, we identified 138 novel miRNAs in DXWR using small RNA sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, and found that the expression levels of 67 novel miRNAs were significantly affected by drought stress. In total, 200 candidate target genes were predicted and annotated for the drought stress-responsive novel miRNAs. Gene Ontology （GO） analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathways suggested that most of the target genes were related to metabolism. Stem-loop quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） results exhibited high concordance with sequencing data, which confirmed that miRNA expression patterns based on small RNA sequencing in the present study were reliable. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR validated the inverse expression patterns between several miRNAs and their target genes. These results will enhance our understanding of miRNA regulatory mechanisms in response to drought stress in DXWR, and can serve as an important reference for the protection and utilization of this valuable genetic resource.

关键词： Dongxiang wild rice drought stress genetic resource novel microRNA small RNA sequencing

Advances in the Research of Strategies and Methods for Analyzing Complex Traits

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第7期7卷 775-788页

作者： TANG Zai-xiang XU Chen-wu Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop genetics and Physiology~Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics Ministry of Education~Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P.R. China

Complex traits are the features whose properties are determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Generally, complex traits include the classical quantitative traits with continuous distribution, the binary or categorical traits with discrete distribution controlled by polygene and other traits that cannot be measured exactly, such as behavior and psychology. Most human complex diseases and most economically important traits in plants and animals belong to the category. Understanding the molecular basis of complex traits plays a vital role in the genetic improvement of plant and animal breeding. In this article, the conception and research background of complex traits were summarized, and the strategies, methods and the great progress that had been made in dissecting genetic basis of complex traits were reviewed. The challenges and possible developments in future researches were also discussed.

关键词： complex trait genetic basis genetic resource quantitative trait

genetic Variability of Pumpkin Landraces in Brazilian Amazon

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第12期7卷 822-833页

作者： Lúcia Helena Pinheiro Martins Hiroshi Noda Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes Maria Silvesnizia Paiva Mendonça Ayrton Luiz Urizzi Martins Núcleo de Etnoecologia da AmazÔ nia (NETNO) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazÔ nia (INPA) Manaus Brazil Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias (FCA) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil

The family farm of the Upper Solim?es region has maintained the great genetic variability of the pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) by the in situ conservation of the landraces which are widely used as human food. The aim of this study was to estimate the current level of genetic variability of pumpkin landraces by means of estimation techniques of genetic parameters. Landraces areas samples were the family farming production units located in floodplains ecosystems of Benjamin Constant (Upper Solim?es River) and Iranduba (Lower Solim?es River), Amazonas. The split-plot designs were adopted at the treatments where the main plots were the five pumpkin landraces and one commercial cultivar. Each landrace was obtained six half sib families distributed in the sub-plots. Among the results of this study, it can be concluded that the genetic variation within the each landrace is greater than the genetic variation among the landraces. The qualitative morphological characteristics bring together half-sib families collected in geographically distant locations. It can be concluded that, through the estimation of genetic parameters, there is genetic variability among local cultivars collected in family farming of Benjamin Constant and Iranduba, Amazonas.

关键词： Amazon Agriculture Crop genetic Variability Cucurbita maxima Duchesne genetic resource Local Cultivars

Phenological,morphological,and reproductive characterization of Chinese sesame( Sesamum indicum L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2016年第2期1卷 35-50页

作者： Hongyan LIU Yingzhong ZHAO Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology and genetic Improvement Ministry of AgricultureOil Crops Research InstituteCAAS

Sesame （ Sesamum indicum L. ） is an important oilseed crop in tropical and sub - tropical areas, but recent seed shortages for consumption have occurred. To address this, study objectives were to characterize and classify sesame phenotypic traits; disease and drought resistance; and germplasm con-stituents （i. e. , oil, protein, and sesamin content） through accession classification using principle com-ponent analysis at the Oil Crops Research Institute （OCRI） , CAAS. This organization maintains a total of 5,426 sesame accessions, of which 5,218 originated from China （ representing 29 provinces, munici-palities, and autonomous regions, except for Ningxia, Qinghai, and Taiwan） , and 208 derived from 24 countries including Asia, Africa, Europe, South America, and North America. A total of 110 randomly selected sesame accessions and cultivars were seeded at OCRI between May 20 and June 10, 2005 - 2006. All accessions produced 8 to 55 g of seed per plant. All tested sesame accessions were successfully grown at the Oil Crops Research Institute （OCRI）,CAAS. Accessions were classified into 4 discrete clusters. Variance analysis and principal component analysis revealed a high degree of variability among the accessions based on phenological, morphological, and reproductive traits. These traits can be used to effectively distinguish accessions and to improve breeding programs for high - yielding sesame cultivars.

关键词： phenology morphology reproduction genetic resource sesame

Morphological and Molecular Characterizations of Country Bean (Lablab purpureus L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第11期15卷 1069-1090页

作者： Nazifa Tasnia Ruan Binte Haque Mirza Mofazzal Islam Md. Ashraful Haque Department of genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Jahangirnagar University Savar Dhaka Bangladesh Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) Mymensingh Bangladesh

Country bean, Lablab purpureus (L.) is considered one of the most important leguminous crops, but their cultivation under drought stress condition encounters challenges. In this study, an experiment has been conducted among 30 genotypes under drought condition to explore morphological diversity of qualitative and quantitative, biochemical, molecular analysis. The study identified significant variations in eight traits among the genotypes examined, with phenotypic variance exceeding genotypic variance, indicating both genetic and environmental influences. High heritability and genetic advance were observed in primary, secondary, and tertiary branch lengths, suggesting these traits are likely controlled by additive gene effects, making them effective targets for selection. Principal component analysis identified three components that made a substantial contribution, accounting for approximately 73.06% of the overall quantitative variations. Among the quantitative traits, the highest coefficient of variation (CV%) has been found in number of flowers (55.05%). While number of primary branches, primary branch length, number of secondary branches, secondary branch length, number of tertiary branches, tertiary branch length has individually more than 20% of CV%. The genotypes have been grouped into three clusters based on quantitative traits. Analysis of protein reveals that the genotypes of DS28 and DS29 have higher protein content than other genotypes. Dehydrogenase responsive genotypes have been found on DS28 and DS29 from the molecular analysis. The results suggest that the genotypes DS28 and DS29 could contribute as genetic resource of high protein content and DREB responsive, and the eight quantitative traits of 30 genotypes could be used for further breeding programme.

关键词： Country Bean Drought Tolerance Morphological Diversity High Heritability genetic resource