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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第4期8卷 402-414页

作者： Adnan Enshassi Tarik Chatat Jason von Meding Giuseppe Forino Civil Engineering Islamic University of Gaza Ringgold Standard Institution UNDP gaza of the United Nations Development Programme School of Architecture and Built Environment University of Newcastle

In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the gaza strip has suffered regular cycles of reconstruction due to systematic destruction during Israeli military operations, as in 2006, 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014. In this context of ongoing conflict this article aims to identify, rank, and discuss the most important factors influencing post-disaster reconstruction project management(PDRPM) for housing in the gaza strip. A set of key factors that influence PDRPM were assembled as a result of a global literature review. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the obtained data were analyzed using a relative importance index for each PDRPM factor. Findings are presented in six groups: housing approaches, organizational behavior, project funding, supply chain and logistics, communication and coordination, and PDRPM context. Findings indicate that the most significant factors that influence PDRPM for housing provision in the gaza strip are related to issues associated with financial resources. It is critical that sufficient funding should be available in order to allow organizations to undertake housing projects in an effective and efficient way. Joint efforts are required from international donors and local organizations in order to effectively manage financial resources with the ultimate goal of improving PDRPM for housing provision.

关键词： gaza strip Israel–Palestine conflict Post-disaster housing Post-disaster project management Post-disaster reconstruction

Analysis of Different Rare Metals, and Rare Earth Metals in Harvested Rain Water in gaza strip/Palestine by ICP/MS-Data and Health Aspects

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第10期8卷 905-912页

作者： M. A. Al-Qutob F. Al-Rimawi Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty of Science and Technology Al-Quds University East Jerusalem Palestine Aquatic and Aquaculture Research Laboratory Al-Quds University East Jerusalem Palestine Chemistry Department Faculty of Science and Technology Al-Quds University East Jerusalem Palestine

This rain water samples harvested for drinking and agriculture from gaza collected in November 2012 were analyzed for different rare metals (Rb, Zr, Ti, Tl, Sb, Sc, Y), and rare earth metals (La, and Ce). These metals usually have no maximum acceptable limits as there is no sufficient data about their toxicity to human health. Their control should be therefore controlled in water to monitor their concentration in water (ground, harvested, etc.). This study was conducted to determine the water quality of harvested water which is used for drinking in the study area. 43 water samples were collected in November 2012 during the first rain from house wells and rain water pools. The concentrations of the metals detected in the collected harvested rainwater vary significantly between the 43 samples, and all of them were detected in all water samples analyzed in this study. The results obtained from this study suggest a possible risk to the population of the study area given the high concentration of some metals that have no maximum allowed concentration, and the fact that for many people in the study area, harvested rain water is a main source of their water supply.

关键词： Rare Metals Rare Earth Elements WHO Limits ICP/MS gaza strip Harvested Rain Water

The Role of Chest X-Ray in Monitoring Lung Changes among COVID-19 Patients in gaza strip

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2021年第2期11卷 29-47页

作者： Mahmoud Mousa Marwan Matar Yasser Al Ajerami Ahmad Naijm Khalid Abu Shab Sadi Jaber Fouad SJaber Hazem Dawoud Department of Radiology Gaza-European Hospital Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Medical Imaging Applied Medical Sciences Al-Azhar University Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Nursing Applied Medical Sciences Al-Azhar University Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Radiology Nasser Medical Complex Gaza Strip Palestine Valley Fever Institute UCLA Kern Medical Bakersfield USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ohio University Athens USA

Objective: To investigate the time course and findings severity of COVID-19 infection at chest radiography based on a 6-point radiological severity score, and correlates these with patients’ age and gender. Methods: This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients who were admitted at European gaza Hospital and evaluated between October 6, 2020, and November 30, 2020. Baseline and serial chest radiographs, up to 4 images per patient, were reviewed and assessed for predominant pattern, side, and location of lung opacity. Utilized a 6-point scoring system, which divides the chest X-ray into 6 zones, to assess chest X-ray changes and correlate them with the severity of infection, age, and gender of patients. Results: The study included 136 COVID-19 patients: (51/136, 37%) were males and (85/136, 62.5%) were females, while age ranged from 7 months to 90 years with a mean age of 41.7 ± (19.5) years. Negative Chest x-rays were more observed than positive images. Ground-glass opacity was the most frequent pattern with a decreasing trend from 1st to 4th chest X-ray (from 33.8% to 3.7%), followed by consolidation (from 16.2% to 2.9%). Also, the commonest pattern of opacity was seen in peripheral areas (27/136, 19.9%), lower zone location (23/136, 16.9%), and bilateral opacity involvement (43/136;31.6%). No significant correlation was noticed between the patient’s gender, age, and severity score (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The 6-point chest X-ray severity score as a predictive tool in assessing the severity due to provide an assessment of the progression or regression pathway.

关键词： Chest X-Rays COVID 19 Lung Changes Scoring System gaza strip

Occurrence and Some Ecological Aspects of the Golden Jackal (<i>Canis aureus</i>Linnaeus, 1758) in the gaza strip, Palestine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第2期11卷 105-125页

作者： Abdel Fattah N. Abd Rabou Kamal E. Elkahlout Fayez A. Almabhouh Walid F. Mohamed Norman A. Khalaf Mona A. Al-Sadek Randa N. Alfarra Lamis T. Al-Moqayed Ashraf A. Shafei Nedal A. Fayyad Belal S. Adeem Ayman W. Dardona Abdallah S. Awad Mohammed R. Al-Agha Mohammed A. Abd Rabou Department of Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Biological and Geological Sciences Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Roxy Cairo Egypt Department of Environmental Research and Media National Research Center Palestine Accreditation and Quality Commission Ministry of Education and Higher Education Gaza Palestine Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Ministry of Education and Higher Education Gaza Palestine Environment Quality Authority Gaza Palestine Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Information Technology University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Palestine

The Golden Jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758), which belongs to the Canidae family, is an opportunist carnivore in the gaza strip (365 square kilometers). The current study aims at giving notes on the occurrence and some ecological aspects of the species in the gaza strip, Palestine. The study, which lasted 14 years (2007-2020), is descriptive and cumulative in its style. It was based on frequent field visits, direct observations and meetings and discussions with wildlife hunters, farmers and other stakeholders. The findings of the study show that gazans are familiar with the Golden Jackal to the extent that a gazan family holds the Arabic name of the animal, which is “Wawi”. The Golden Jackal was sometimes encountered and hunted in the eastern parts of the gaza strip, which are characterized by the presence of wilderness areas, intensive agriculture, poultry pens and solid waste landfills. Like other a few mammalian faunas, the adult Golden Jackals enter the gaza strip through gaps in or burrows beneath the metal borders separating the gaza strip from the rest of the Palestinian Territories and Egypt. gaza zoos were found to harbor tens of Golden Jackals trapped or hunted by clever wildlife hunters using different means such as wire cages known locally as “maltash” and foothold traps with metal jaws that may cause lesions to the trapped animals. Poisoning and shooting were also common methods used to control the jackals and other carnivores causing harm to agriculture and livestock. The animal was known among the gazans as an omnivore, feeding on wild and domestic animals in addition to plant materials, garbage and carrions. In conclusion, the study recommends the need to raise ecological awareness to preserve the Golden jackal and to adopt safe control measures for jackals and other carnivores, including the construction of protective fences for agricultural fields and animal pens.

关键词： Carnivores Golden Jackals Trapping Foothold Traps Wildlife Hunters Zoos gaza strip

Checklist of the Birds of the gaza strip—Palestine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第3期13卷 155-182页

作者： Abdel Fattah N. Abd Rabou Bashar S. Jarayseh Lara M. Sirdah Mandy M. Sirdah Sinaa A. Ababsa Daoud I. Al-Hali Ayman W. Dardona Ashraf A. Shafei Nedal A. Fayyad Abdallah S. Awad Wael I. Almeshal Samer S. Abuzerr Inas A. Abd Rabou Othman A. Abd Rabou Mohammed A. Abd Rabou Sabah A. Abu Sharekh Mohammed R. Al-Agha Maged M. Yassin Abed Al Qader I. Hammad Norman A. Khalaf Walid F. Mohamed Department of Biology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Environmental Education Center Beit Jala West Bank Palestine Wildlife Documenter and Photographer Gaza Strip Palestine Wildlife Documenter and Photographer Kafr Kanna Galilee Palestine Qimmah Secondary School Jerusalem (Al-Quds) Palestine Environment Quality Authority Gaza Strip Palestine Center for Desert Agriculture King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences E&#246tv&#246s Loránd University Budapest Hungary Department of Medical Sciences University College of Science & Technology Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Nursing and Health Sciences University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Journalism and Media Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of GIS University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of School Health Ministry of Education and Higher Education Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Faculty of Medicine Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Geography Al-Aqsa University Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Environmental Research and Media National Research Center Palestine Department of Biological and Geological Sciences Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Roxy Cairo Egypt

Bird fauna checklists are important tools in ecology, biology, and conservation planning for scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers. Despite its small area, the gaza strip (365 km2) has a relatively large variety of resident and migratory bird fauna. Therefore, the current study aimed to provide an updated checklist of all bird fauna living in or inhabiting the gaza strip. Direct field observations using binoculars, continuous visits to zoos, pet stores and biology museums, discussion with bird hunters, follow-up of news and social networking sites, review of scientific publications and photography were the main tools to satisfy the purpose of the study. At least 250 bird species collected from different sources occur in the gaza strip and are included in the checklist. This list will not be static, but is inevitably subject to additions and changes in the face of times. The current 250 bird species of the gaza strip represent 45.4% of the 551 species of birds living in Palestine. The bird species were found to belong to 21 orders and 61 families. The Passeriformes (passerines) represented the largest order with 96 species of birds (38.4%), followed by the Charadriiformes 54 (21.6%), the Accipitriformes 18 (7.2%), Anseriformes 17 (6.8%) and Pelecaniformes 14 (5.6%), while the other orders represented the remaining percentage (20.4%). With regard to families, the Scolopacidae represented the largest family with 22 species of birds (8.8%), followed by the Anatidae and Accipitridae 17 for each (6.8%), the Muscicapidae 16 (6.4%) and Chariidridae and Fringillidae 11 for each (4.4%), while the other families represented the remaining percentage (62.4%). According to the IUCN regional threat categories, 226 species (90.4%) were Least Concern (LC), 12 (4.8%) were Near Threatened (NT), 6 (2.4%) were Vulnerable (VU), 4 (1.6%) were Endangered (EN) and 2 (0.8%) were Critically Endangered (CR). In conclusion, the study recommends a sustainable control of bird h

关键词： Bird Fauna Checklist Bird Hunting Conservation IUCN Categories gaza strip

The Palestinian Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Preserved at the Biology Exhibitions of the Universities of the gaza strip

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Research in Ecology 2020年第4期2卷 9-21页

作者： Abdel Fattah N Abd Rabou Nour J Musallam Eman J Musallam Kamal E Elkahlout Kamal J Elnabris Tarek A El-Bashiti Ismail I Abdel Aziz Reham M Ishneiwra Eqbal S Radwan Hana S Saada Ashraf A Shafei Nedal A Fayyad Saleh N Mwafy Huda E Abu Amra Ramy A Abu Alajeen Mohammed F Abu Owda Randa N Alfarra Haifaa A Hassouna Reem A Hassouna Mohammed R Al-Agha Mohammed A Abd Rabou Department of Biology and Biotechnology Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of English Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Biology Al-Azhar UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Biology Al-Aqsa UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Geography Al-Aqsa UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods Ministry of EducationGaza StripPalestine Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of PalestineGaza StripPalestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Information Technology University College of Applied SciencesGaza StripPalestine

The gaza strip(365 km^(2))of Palestine(27,000 km^(2))is home to a wealth of terrestrial vertebrate *** of these faunistic species find their ways to preservation at the local ***,the current study comes to document the Palestinian terrestrial vertebrate fauna acquired by the biology exhibitions(BEs)of Al-Azhar University,Islamic University of gaza and Al-Aqsa University that are located at the gaza City of the gaza *** amphibians,reptiles,birds and mammals preserved at BEs of the universities in question were surveyed and scientifically classified during a three-month period extending from January to March,*** study showed that all BEs of local universities are underdeveloped,lacking attention and suffer from specimen scarcity and good *** BE at Al-Azhar University is the best in the arrangement and preservation of bird specimens.A total number of 200 specimens belonging to 54 terrestrial vertebrate fauna species,39 families and 17 orders was recorded at *** constituted 40.7%of the total species recorded,followed by birds(38.9%),mammals(14.8%)and amphibians(5.6%).The Islamic University of gaza was considered the best in terms of the number of preserved species(39.8%),followed by Al-Azhar University(36.3%)and Al-Aqsa University(23.9%).The Common Toad(Bufo viridis)was the most preserved among the amphibian species *** was the biggest reptilian order,comprising 20 species(8 lizards and 12 snakes),with the Syrian Black Snake(Coluber jugularis asianus)was the *** Palestine Viper(Vipera palaestinae)is endemic to Palestine and most venomous and dangerous to human *** Great White Pelican(Pelecanus onocrotalus)was the largest Palestinian bird preserved at BE of Al-Azhar *** Egyptian Mongoose(Herpestes ichneumon)and the Common Badger(Meles meles)were the biggest mammalian specimens preserved,while the Palestine Mole-rat(Spalax leucodon ehrenbergi)was the only Palestine endemic spe

关键词： Terrestrial vertebrate fauna Preservation Biology exhibitions gaza universities gaza strip Palestine

Impact of COVID-19 on the Contracting &Engineering Companies in gaza strip

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2022年第1期12卷 75-86页

作者： Ismail Al Daoor Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning University of Palestine Gaza Palestine

Construction projects are among the riskiest projects, which require the application of the right rules and to abide by the proper safety standards. Thus, this study aims to study the impact of COVID-19 on the construction and engineering companies due to the Corona pandemic in the gaza strip, and introducing the means used in dealing with this pandemic and how to avoid, limit and deal with it. And to shed light on the most important obstacles and challenges facing the construction sector in the light of the outbreak of the epidemic. To achieve this, a cross-sectional study based on an online questionnaire was conducted by Google Forms. Then, the data collected was analyzed using the thematic analysis approach. The results show that best procedures to mitigate the impact of this epidemic and to prioritize the safety and health of employees in contracting and engineering companies, to provide a safe work environment and developing plans to confront the spread of injury in the work-environment. The study recommends that government may provide financial support to companies and reduce taxes imposed on them in order to be able to confront this pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Impact Contracting & Engineering Companies Mitigate gaza strip

An Inventory of Some Relatively Large Marine Mammals, Reptiles, and Fishes Sighted, Caught, By-Caught, or Stranded in the Mediterranean Coast of the gaza strip-Palestine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第2期13卷 119-153页

作者： Abdel Fattah N. Abd Rabou Kamal E. Elkahlout Kamal J. Elnabris Adel J. Attallah Jehad Y. Salah Mohammed A. Aboutair Waleed M. Thabit Sahar K. Serri Hassan G. Abu Hatab Sameeh M. Awadalah Wajdi M. Saqallah Mokhles S. Alhawajri Tariq K. Al-Sammak Bashar S. Jarayseh Sinaa A. Ababsa Daoud I. Al-Hali Aysha A. Rafeea Doaa S. Ghattas Huda E. Abu Amra Israa M. Jaber Nedal A. Fayyad Ashraf A. Shafei Inas A. Abd Rabou Othman A. Abd Rabou Mohammed A. Abd Rabou Mazen T. Abualtayef Mohammed R. Al-Agha Yousif K. Ibrahim Rimel M. Benmessaoud Mourad M. Cherif Hashem A. Madkour Department of Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Marine Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Directorate General of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Gaza Strip Palestine Environmental Education Center Beit Jala Palestine Wildlife Documenter and Photographer Kafr Kanna Palestine Qimmah Secondary School Jerusalem Palestine Kamal Al-Ohood Primary School for Girls North Gaza Education Directorate Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Biology Faculty of Science Al-Aqsa University Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Nursing and Health Sciences University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Journalism and Media Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of GIS University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Water and Environment Quality Authority Gaza Strip Palestine National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM) La Goulette Port Tunis Tunisia National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Hurghada Egypt

The Mediterranean Sea is home to an interesting biodiversity. The current cumulative and descriptive study aims to enumerate some relatively large marine mammals, reptiles, and fishes that have been spotted, caught, by-caught, or stranded on the coast of the gaza strip, Palestine, which extends about 42 km along the Mediterranean Sea. This 20-year study from 2003 to 2022 relied much on frequent field visits, meetings, and discussions with stakeholders, following local media sites and social media pages, and photography. The study recorded at least 26 giants or relatively large marine organisms on the Mediterranean coast of the gaza strip, Palestine. Certainly, the coming years may bring other marine organisms of relatively large sizes. Marine mammals included three species of cetaceans with the Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) being the largest mammal and even the largest animal ever recorded in this study. Marine reptiles included three species of sea turtles, the largest of which is the Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), which is in fact the world’s largest sea turtle. The bony fishes were represented by ten species, the largest of which was the Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola), which is the largest bony fish in the world. The cartilaginous fishes included ten species with the largest specimens encountered were the Shortfin Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), Bluntnose Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus griseus), Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna lewini), and Giant Devil Ray (Mobula mobular). Seabirds were not included in the study. The Alexandria Pompano (Alectis alexandrinus) and the Silver-Cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus), which are bony fishes, appear to be the relatively smallest marine organisms recorded here. In conclusion, the role of the various parties must be coordinated to ensure the sustainability of human activities and their compatibility with the task of conserving local marine biota, including the gigantic or relatively large ones.

关键词： Mediterranean Sea Marine Biodiversity Marine Mammals Sea Turtles Bony Fishes Cartilaginous Fishes gaza strip Palestine