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Chinese Medical Journal 2008年第13期121卷 1183-1188页

作者： QIU Wen-cai WANG Zhi-gang WANG Wei-gang YAN Jun ZHENG Qi Department of General Surgery Sixth Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200233 China

Background Diabetic gastroparesis is a disabling condition with no consistently effective treatment. In normal animals, both ghrelin and its synthetic peptide, growth hormone releasing peptide 6 （GHRP-6）, increase gastric emptying. Thus, we investigated the potential therapeutic significance of ghrelin and GHRP-6 in diabetic guinea pigs with gastric motility disorders. Methods A diabetic guinea pig model was produced by intraperitoneal （i.p.） injection of streptozotocin （STZ, 280 mg/kg）. Diabetic guinea pigs were injected i.p. with ghrelin or GHRP-6 （10-100 μg/kg）, and the effects on gastric emptying were measured after intragastric application of phenol red. The effect of atropine or a growth hormone secretagogue receptor （GHS-R） antagonist, D-Lys^3-GHRP-6, on the gastroprokinetic effects of ghrelin or GHRP-6 （100 μg/kg） was also investigated. Further, the in vitro effects of ghrelin or GHRP-6 （0.01-10 μmol/L） on spontaneous or carbachol-induced contractile amplitude in gastric fundic circular strips taken from diabetic guinea pigs were examined. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor transcripts in the fundic strips of diabetic guinea pigs were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Results We established a guinea pig model of delayed gastric emptying. Ghrelin （20, 50, or 100 μg/kg） and GHRP-6 （20, 50, or 100 μg/kg） accelerated gastric emptying in diabetic guinea pigs with gastroparesis （n=6, P 〈0.05）. In the presence of atropine, which delayed gastric emptying, ghrelin and GHRP-6 （100 μg/kg） failed to accelerate gastric emptying （n=6, P 〈0.05）. D-Lys^3-GHRP-6 also delayed gastric emptying induced by the GHS-R agonist （n=6, P 〈0.05）. Ghrelin and GHRP-6 increased the carbachol-induced contractile amplitude in gastric fundic strips taken from diabetic guinea pigs （n=6, P〈0.05）. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of GHS-R mRNA in the strip preparations. Conclusions Ghrelin and GHRP-6 increased gastric emptying in diabetic guinea pigs with gastroparesis, potentially, by activating the

关键词： gastric emptying smooth muscle strips ghrelin growth hormone releasing peptide 6 growth hormone secretagogue receptor

Evaluation of the gastrointestinal anti-motility effect of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract:A mechanistic study of antidiarrheal activity

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第6期11卷 776-782页

作者： Blessing O.Omolaso Francis S.Oluwole Olugbenga A.Odukanmi Julius K.Adesanwo Ahmed A.Ishola Kayode E.Adewole Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Medical SciencesOndo City340001Ondo StateNigeria Department of Physiology College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadan200001Nigeria Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife230001Osun StateNigeria Central Research Laboratories Limited University Road IlorinKwara State240001Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Medical Sciences340001Ondo StateNigeria

Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal problem associated with fatal implications.It is a huge public health concern that requires better alternatives to current drugs.This study investigated the mechanisms involved in the antidiarrheal activity of Anacardium occidentale(Ao) stem bark extract,a plant commonly used in the management of diarrhea in Nigeria.Methanolic stem bark extract of the plant was partitioned into three fractions:hexane fraction,ethyl acetate fraction(Ao EF) and methanol fraction.In vitro studies on the effect of these fractions on guinea pig ileum(GPI) strips,as well as the modulatory effect of Ao EF on standard agonists-and antagonists-induced GPI contraction and relaxation,revealed Ao EF as the most active fraction.In vivo studies to assess the effect of Ao EF on the dopaminergic,muscarinic,and serotonergic pathways were carried out using gastric emptying(GE) and gastrointestinal transit(GT) as experimental end points.Ao EF was subjected to GC-MS analysis,while the identified compounds were docked with the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3(CHRM3) using Autodock Vina.Results indicated that Ao EF inhibited GE and GT via inhibition of CHRM3.In addition,GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 compounds in Ao EF,while docking indicated that octadecanoic acid 2-(2-hydroxylethoxy)ethyl ester exhibited the highest binding affinity to CHRM3.This study indicated that the antidiarrheal activity of Ao is through its antimotility effect via the inhibition of the muscarinic pathway.And since none of the identified compounds exhibited higher binding affinity to CHRM3 relative to loperamide,the antimotility activity of these phytoconstituents may be via synergism.

关键词： Anacardium occidentale Antidiarrheal Muscarinic receptor gastric emptying Gut motility GC-MS analysis

Adiponectin and the regulation of gastric content volume in the newborn rat

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第33期27卷 5566-5574页

作者： Huanhuan Wang Paul Esemu-Ezewu Jingyi Pan Julijana Ivanovska Estelle B Gauda Jaques Belik Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto M5G 1X8OntarioCanada Department of Paediatrics and Physiology The Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto M5G 1X8OntarioCanada

BACKGROUND Oral intake is dependent on the gastric ability to accommodate the food bolus.Comparatively,neonates have a smaller gastric capacity than adults and this may limit the volume of their milk intake.Yet,we previously reported that the newborn rat gastric milk volume is greatest after birth and,when normalized to body weight,decreases with postnatal age.Such age-dependent changes are not the result of intake differences,but greater gastric accommodation and reduced emptying rate.AIM Hypothesizing that breastmilk-derived adiponectin is the factor regulating gastric accommodation in neonates,we comparatively evaluated its effects on the rat fundic muscle tone at different postnatal ages.METHODS In freshly dispersed smooth muscle cells(SMC),we measured the adiponectin effect on the carbachol-induced length changes.RESULTS Adiponectin significantly reduced the carbachol-stimulated SMC shortening independently of age.In the presence of the inhibitor iberiotoxin,the adiponectin effect on SMC shortening was suppressed,suggesting that it is mediated via largeconductance Ca^(2+)sensitive K^(+)channel activation.Lastly,we comparatively measured the newborn rat gastric milk curd adiponectin content in one-and twoweek-old rats and found a 50%lower value in the latter.CONCLUSION Adiponectin,a major component of breastmilk,downregulates fundic smooth muscle contraction potential,thus facilitating gastric volume accommodation.This rodent’s adaptive response maximizes breastmilk intake volume after birth.

关键词： gastric emptying Fundus Smooth muscle Breastmilk Potassium channel Development

Laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma:a propensity score matching analysis

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Cancer Communications 2019年第1期39卷 582-592页

作者： Wentao Zhou Weiwei Jin Dansong Wang Chao Lu Xuefeng Xu Renchao Zhang Tiantao Kuang Yucheng Zhou Wenchuan Wu Dayong Jin Yiping Mou Wenhui Lou Department of General Surgery Zhongshan HospitalFudan University180 Fenglin RoadXuhui DistrictShanghai 200032P.R.China Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery Zhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalKey Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang ProvincePeople’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College158 Shangtang RoadHangzhou 310014ZhejiangP.R.China

Background:A growing body of evidence supports the use of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)as an efficient and feasible surgical technique.However,few studies have investigated its applicability in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),and the long-term efficacy of LPD on PDAC remains unclear.This study aimed to compare the short-and long-term outcomes between LPD and open pancreaticoduodenectomy(OPD)for PDAC.Methods:The data of patients who had OPD or LPD for PDAC between January 2013 and September 2017 were retrieved.Their postoperative outcomes and survival were compared after propensity score matching.Results:A total of 309 patients were included.After a 2:1 matching,93 cases in the OPD group and 55 in the LPD group were identified.Delayed gastric emptying(DGE),particularly grade B/C DGE,occurred less frequently in the LPD group than in the OPD group(1.8%vs.36.6%,P<0.001;1.8%vs.22.6%,P=0.001).The overall complication rates were significantly lower in the LPD group than in the OPD group(49.1%vs.71.0%,P=0.008),whereas the rates of major complications were similar(10.9%vs.14.0%,P=0.590).In addition,the median overall survival was comparable between the two groups(20.0 vs.18.7 months,P=0.293).Conclusion:LPD was found to be technically feasible with efficacy similar to OPD for patients with PDAC.

关键词： Laparoscopy Open pancreaticoduodenectomy Pancreatic cancer Overall survival gastric emptying Complications Adjuvant chemotherapy Propensity score matching

Modified B-ultrasound method for measurement of antral section only to assess gastric function and guide enteral nutrition in critically ill patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第28期23卷 5229-5236页

作者： Ying Liu Ya-Kun Gao Lei Yao Li Li Department of Ultrasound Cangzhou Central Hospital

AIM To establish a modified B-ultrasound method of measuring the antral section only to assess gastric motility in healthy people,and evaluate its application in guiding enteral nutrition(EN) in critically ill patients. METHODS First,30 healthy volunteers were selected. The modified B-ultrasound method and the traditional B-ultrasound method were applied to assess gastric function. The correlation of indices of gastric function between the two groups was analyzed statistically. In addition,64 critically ill patients were selected,and the modified B-ultrasound method and the gastric juice withdrawal method were applied to guide the implementation of EN. Daily caloric value,the time required to achieve complete EN,ICU stay,hospitalization time,and serum prealbumin and albumin levels were recorded and compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the complications of EN between the two groups. RESULTS In healthy subjects,there was a good correlation among gastric emptying time,antral contraction frequency andantral motility index between the two groups(r = 0.57,0.61 and 0.54,respectively). The study on critically ill patients also revealed that a better effect of EN was achieved in the modified B-ultrasound method group,in which patients had shorter ICU stay and hospitalization time and higher levels of serum prealbumin and albumin. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the improved B-ultrasound method was associated with significantly fewer EN complications(P = 0.031).CONCLUSION The modified B-ultrasound method can provide a good real-time assessment of gastric function and has a better effect than the traditional method in guiding EN in critically ill patients.

关键词： gastric emptying Real-time ultrasound Critically ill patients Enteral nutrition

Study on gastric Empty Disorder after the gastric Ulcer Healing and Therapeutic Effect of Cisapride

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2000年第1期20卷 57-58页

作者：邹开芳刘诗刘劲松刘永革侯晓华易粹琼 Department of Gastroenterology Xiehe Hospital Tongji Medical University Wuhan

Summary: gastric emptying time of liquid meal was detected by using ultrasonography in 28 gas- tric ulcer patients with continual or recurrent dyspepsia symptoms after the ulcer healing. Sixteen out of 28 patients (57. 1 % ) with a delay of gastric emptying time (T1/2) were randomly divided into two groups: 8 cases were treated with cisapride 5 mg three times a day and & cases with cisapride 10 mg three times a day respectively. The results showed that cisapride could relieve the symptoms with the effective rate being 68. 8 % in the two groups. T1/2 in the patients after treatment with cisapride was significantly shorter than before treatment (Pgastric ulcer healing. Cisapride could promote gastric empty of liquid meal and relieve the symptoms efficiently. The effect of lower dose of cisapride is similar to that of higher dose.

关键词： gastric ulcer gastric emptying cisapride

Study　of　gastric　and　Gallbladder　Kinetics　with　Real－time　Ultrasonography　in　Cases　of　Functional　Dyspepsia

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 1995年第3期15卷 190-192页

作者：刘永革聂玉强易粹琼张锦坤 Department of Gastroenterology Xiehe Hospital Tongji Medical University Wuhan

gastric and gallbladder emptying in 113 patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) were evaluated by real-time ultrasonography (RUS) after a liquid-fat meal by the patients, and compared with 15 healthy volunteers. The results showed that in FD group 69 patients (61. 06%) had delayed gastric emptying,and 28 patients (24.77%) had gallbladder hypokinesia. Among them both delayed gastric ernptying and gallbladder hypokinesia were found in 11 patients (9.7%), 44 patients (38.93%)had normal gastric emptying and 85 patients (75.22%) had normal gallbladder emptying.

关键词： functional dyspepsia gastric emptying gallbladder hypokinesia realtime ultrasonography

Dalitong Granule(达立通颗粒)Combined with Electroacupuncture in the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia:A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第10期21卷 743-750页

作者：张超贤郭李柯 Department of Gastroenterology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Department of Stomatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University

ABSTRACT Objective： To explore clinical short and long-term effect of combining Dalitong Granule （达立通颗粒） and electroacupuncture group （EA） in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Methods： Totally 640 patients with confirmed functional dyspepsia were randomly divided into 4 groups using a randomized digital table： the DG group, the EA group, the combined group and the control group, 160 cases in each group. The DG group was treated with 6 g DG 3 times daily; the EA group was treated with puncture of points Zusanli （ST36）, Zhongwan （CV12）, Neiguan （PC6）, Taichong （LR3） and Gongsun （SP4） twice daily; the combined group with above-mentioned DG and EA; and the control group with 5 mg mosapride 3 times, 20 mg pantoprazole and 25 mg amitriptylines twice daily. The treatment course was 4 weeks for all groups. The symptom score, quality of life score by Short Form 36 Health Survey Ouestionnaires （SF-36）, plasma motilin by radioimmunoassay, electrogastrographic frequencies by electrogastrogram （EGG） and gastric emptying by B-sonography were examined, and adverse reactions were observed before, at the end of treatment and 60 weeks post-treatment. Results： In the DG group 1 case dropped out for not taking medicine strictly and 1 case was lost to follow-up, while 1 case in the EA group and 2 cases in the combined therapy group were lost to follow-up. Compared with pre-treatment, quality of life score, plasma motilin, electrogastrographic frequencies and gastric emptying were all increased significantly, while symptom score was decreased significantly at the end of treatment in each group （P〈0.01）; in the combined group quality of life score, plasma motilin, electrogastrographic frequencies and gastric emptying were all significantly higher than those in the other groups, while symptom score was significantly lower than in the other groups （P〈0.05）. Compared with at the end of treatment, these indices changed insignificantly in the combined group and the EA group 60 weeks post-treatment （P〉0.05）, but the 4 increased indices

关键词： Dalitong Granule electroacupuncture quality of life electrogastrography plasma motilin gastric emptying Chinese medicine clinical trial

Role of sex hormones in gastrointestinal motility in pregnant and non-pregnant rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第25期22卷 5761-5768页

作者： Juliana Fernandes Matos Madileine Francely Americo Yuri Karen Sinzato Gustavo Tadeu Volpato Luciana Aparecida Corá Marcos Felipe Freitas Calabresi Ricardo Brandt Oliveira Debora Cristina Damasceno Jose Ricardo Arruda Miranda Sao Paulo State University BotucatuSP 18618-970Brazil Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude Federal University of Mato GrossoBarra do GarcasMT 78600-000Brazil Universidade Estadual de Ciencias da Saude de Alagoas MaceioAL 57010-300Brazil Sao Paulo University Ribeirao PretoSP 14049-900Brazil

AIM: To correlate gastric contractility, gastrointestinal transit, and hormone levels in non-pregnant(estrous cycle) and pregnant rats using noninvasive techniques. METHODS: Female rats(n = 23) were randomly divided into(1) non-pregnant,(contractility, n =6; transit, n = 6); and(2) pregnant(contractility, n = 5; transit, n = 6). In each estrous cycle phase or at 0, 7, 14, and 20 d after the confirmation of pregnancy, gastrointestinal transit was recorded by AC biosusceptometry(ACB), and gastric contractility was recorded by ACB and electromyography. After each recording, blood samples were obtained for progesterone and estradiol determination. RESULTS: In the estrous cycle, despite fluctuations of sex hormone levels, no significant changes in gastrointestinal motility were observed. Days 7 and 14 of pregnancy were characterized by significant changes in the frequency of contractions(3.90 ± 0.42 cpm and 3.60 ± 0.36 cpm vs 4.33 ± 0.25 cpm) and gastric emptying(168 ± 17 min and 165 ± 15 min vs 113 ± 15 min) compared with day 0. On these same days, progesterone levels significantly increased compared with control(54.23 ± 15.14 ng/m L and 129.96 ± 30.52 ng/mL vs 13.25 ± 6.31 ng/mL). On day 14, we observed the highest level of progesterone and the lowest level of estradiol compared with day 0(44.3 ± 15.18 pg/mL vs 24.96 ± 5.96 pg/mL). CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal motility was unaffected by the estrous cycle. In our data, high progesterone and low estradiol levels can be associated with decreased contraction frequency and slow gastric emptying.

关键词： Reproductive physiological process Sex hormones Gastrointestinal motility Magnetic fields gastric emptying