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Soil conservation and ecosystem services

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2014年第3期2卷 36-47页

作者： Rattan Lal Carbon Management&Sequestration Center 210 Kottman Hall2021 Coffey RoadThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA

Accelerated soil erosion,driven by anthropogenic activities such as conversion of natural ecosystems to agroecosystems and mechanical tillage,has numerous adverse impacts on ecosystem *** addition to degrading soil quality and reducing agronomic/biomass productivity on-site through a decrease in use-efficiency of inputs,off-site impacts of accelerated erosion include eutrophication and contamination,sedimentation of reservoirs and waterways,and emissions of greenhouse gases(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4) and N_(2)O).While advancing food and nutritional security,adoption of restorative land use and recommended management practices are important to strengthening numerous ecosystem services such as improving water quality and renewability,increasing below and above-ground biodiversity,enhancing soil resilience to climate change and extreme events,and mitigating climate change by sequestering C in soil and reducing the emission of CO_(2),CH_(4) and N_(2)*** effective control of accelerated erosion is essential to sustainable development and improving the environment.

关键词： gaseous emission Climate change mitigation Sustainable development Accelerated soil erosion Geologic erosion Food security Eutrophication Sedimentation Water quality Biodiversity

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Influence of bulking agents on CH_4,N_2O,and NH_3 emissions during rapid composting of pig manure from the Chinese Ganqinfen system

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2014年第4期15卷 353-364页

作者： Xiang-ping SUN Peng LU Tao JIANG Frank SCHUCHARDT Guo-xue LI Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing Environmental Sanitation Design Science Research Institute College of Chemistry and Biology Leshan Normal University Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute

Mismanagement of the composting process can result in emissions of CH4,N2O,and NH3,which have caused severe environmental *** study was aimed at determining whether CH4,N2O,and NH3 emissions from composting are affected by bulking agents during rapid composting of pig manure from the Chinese Ganqinfen *** bulking agents,corn stalks,spent mushroom compost,and sawdust,were used in composting with pig manure in 60 L reactors with forced aeration for more than a *** emissions were measured continuously,and detailed gas emission patterns were *** of NH3 and N2O from the composting pig manure mixed with corn stalks or sawdust were higher than those from the spent mushroom compost treatment,especially the sawdust treatment,which had the highest total nitrogen loss among the three *** of the nitrogen was lost in the form of NH3,which accounts for 11.16% to 35.69% of the initial ***-way analysis of variance for NH3emission showed no significant differences between the corn stalk and sawdust treatments,but a significant difference was noted between the spent mushroom compost and sawdust *** introduction of sawdust reduced CH4emission more than the corn stalks and spent mushroom ***,there were no significant differences among the three runs for total carbon *** treatments were matured after 30 d.

关键词： Organic waste Composting Bulking agent gaseous emission Pig manure

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汽车工业排放的气态挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）及其防治对策

汽车工业排放的气态挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）及其防治对策

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中国化学会第十四届有机分析及生物分析学术研讨会

作者：赵起越北京市环境保护监测中心

大气中的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）大多数具有毒性及致癌作用,对人体会造成潜在威胁,对对流层的臭氧及其它光化学氧化剂的形成也起到非常关键的作用,因此,该类化合物已成为一类重要的大气污染物。近年来,随着汽车制造技术的发展及人民... 详细信息

大气中的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）大多数具有毒性及致癌作用,对人体会造成潜在威胁,对对流层的臭氧及其它光化学氧化剂的形成也起到非常关键的作用,因此,该类化合物已成为一类重要的大气污染物。近年来,随着汽车制造技术的发展及人民生活水平的提高,国内汽车消费市场呈现出持续火暴的局面。汽车在其生产、使用、维护及报废的过程中向环境排放了大量的 VOCs,国外对此早有研究,许多发达国家都建立了汽车行业 VOCs 排放标准。我国因为环境污染控制标准较少、技术落后、管理松散。致使此方面的污染控制工作比较薄弱。

关键词： Automobile industry gaseous emission VOC

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