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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 36-50页

作者： Jin-feng Ren Hai-jun Qiu Zeng-gui Kuang Ting-wei Li Yu-lin He Meng-jie Xu Xiao-xue Wang Hong-fei Lai Jin Liang National Engineering Research Center of gas Hydrate Exploration and Development Guangzhou 511458China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey China Geological SurveyGuangzhou 511458China China Geological Survey Ministtry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China

Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migration and gas hydrates distribution in tectonically inactive regions is still *** this study,the authors apply high-resolution 3D seismic and logging while drilling(LWD)data from the middle of the QDNB to investigate the influence of deep-large faults on gas chimneys and preferred gasescape *** findings reveal the following:(1)Two significant deep-large faults,F1 and F2,developed on the edge of the Songnan Low Uplift,control the dominant migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons and determine the initial locations of gas chimneys.(2)The formation of gas chimneys is likely related to fault activation and *** chimney 1 is primarily arises from convergent fluid migration resulting from the intersection of the two faults,while the gas chimney 2 benefits from a steeper fault plane and shorter migration distance of fault F2.(3)Most gas-escape pipes are situated near the apex of the two *** reactivations facilitate free gas flow into the GHSZ and contribute to the formation of fracture‐filling hydrates.

关键词： Venting gas hydrates Deep-large faults gas chimney gas-escape pipes High-resolution 3D seismic Logging while drilling Qiongdongnan Basin South China Sea

Dissociation of gas hydrates by hydrocarbon migration and accumulation-derived slope failures:An example from the South China Sea

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 295-310页

作者： Zhi-Feng Wan Wei Zhang Chong Ma Jin-Qiang Liang Ang Li Da-Jiang Meng Wei Huang Cheng-Zhi Yang Jin-Feng Zhang Yue-Feng Sun School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China gas Hydrate Engineering Technology Center Guangzhou Marine Geological SurveyChina Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 510075China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China School of Mathematics and Physics China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology Qingdao 266071China Department of Geology&Geophysics Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843-3115United States

The mechanism of slope failure associated with overpressure that is caused by hydrocarbon migration and accumulation remains ***-resolution seismic data and gas hydrate drilling data collected from the Shenhu gas hydrate field(site SH5)offer a valuable opportunity to study the relations between submarine slope failure and hydrocarbon accumulation and flow that is associated with a~2 kmdiameter gas chimney developed beneath site SH5 where none gas hydrates had been recovered by drilling and sampling despite the presence of distinct bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs)and favorable gas hydrate *** mechanism of submarine slope failure resulted from buoyancy extrusion and seepage-derived deformation which were caused by overpressure from a~1100 m-high gas column in a gas chimney was studied via numerical ***~9.55 MPa overpressure caused by hydrocarbons that migrated through the gas chimney and then accumulated beneath subsurface gas hydratebearing impermeable *** may have resulted in a submarine slope failure,which disequilibrated the gas hydrate-bearing zone and completely decomposed the gas hydrate once precipitated at site *** the gas hydrate decomposition,the largely impermeable sediments overlying the gas chimney may have undergone a major upward deformation due to the buoyancy extrusion of the overpressure in the gas chimney,and slope failure was initiated from plastic strain of the sediments and reduced internal *** failure subsequently resulted in partial gas hydrate decomposition and sediment permeability *** pressurized gas in the gas chimney may have diffused into the overlying sediments controlled by seepage-derived deformation,causing an effective stress reduction at the base of the sediments and significant plastic *** may have formed a new cycle of submarine slope failure and finally the total gas hydrate *** modeling results of buoyancy extrusion and seepage-deri

关键词： Natural gas hydrate Submarine slope failure gas chimney Buoyancy extrusion Seepage-derived deformation Shenhu area Northern South China Sea

Migration and accumulation characteristics of natural gas hydrates in the uplifts and their slope zones in the Qiongdongnan Basin,China

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China Geology 2022年第2期5卷 234-250页

作者： Yu-lin He Jin-qiang Liang Zeng-gui Kuang Wei Deng Jin-feng Ren Hong-fei Lai Miao-miao Meng Wei Zhang Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou 511458China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 510075China National Engineering Research Center of gas Hydrate Exploration and Development Guangzhou 511458China

Various factors controlling the accumulation of natural gas hydrates(NGHs)form various enrichment and accumulation modes through organic *** study mainly analyzes the geological and geophysical characteristics of the NGHs occurrence in the uplifts and their slope zones within the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan(QDN)Basin(also referred to as the study area).Furthermore,it investigates the dominant governing factors and models of NGHs migration and accumulation in the study *** results are as follows.(1)The uplifts and their slope zones in the study area lie in the dominant pressure-relief direction of fluids in central hydrocarbon-rich sags in the area,which provide sufficient gas sources for the NGHs accumulation and enrichment through pathways such as gas chimneys and faults.(2)The top and flanks of gas chimneys below the bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs)show high-amplitude seismic reflections and pronounced transverse charging of free gas,indicating the occurrence of a large amount of gas accumulation at the heights of the uplifts.(3)chimneys,faults,and high-porosity and high-permeability strata,which connect the gas hydrate temperature-pressure stability zones(GHSZs)with thermogenic gas and biogenic gas,form the main hydrate migration system.(4)The reservoir system in the study area comprises sedimentary interlayers consisting of mass transport deposits(MTDs)and *** addition,the reservoir system has developed fissure-and pore-filling types of hydrates in the *** above well-matched controlling factors of hydrate accumulation enable the uplifts and their slope zones in the study area to become the favorable targets of NGHs exploration.

关键词： gas chimney Overpressure Migration characteristics of gas hydrates Accumulation characteristics of gas hydrates Oil and gas exploration engineering NGHs exploration trial engineering Uplifts and slope zones Qiongdongnan Basin China

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Polygonal Faults in Qiongdongnan Basin, Northern South China Sea

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第1期20卷 180-192页

作者：孙启良吴时国姚根顺吕福亮 Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Georesource and Information China University of PetroleumQingdao 266555 China PetroChina Hangzhou Institute of Geology Hangzhou 310023 China

Based on high-resolution 3D seismic data, we document the polygonal faults within the Miocene Meishan （梅山） Formation and Huangliu （黄流） Formation of the Qiongdongnan （琼东南） basin, northern South China Sea. Within the seismic section and time coherent slice, densely distributed extensional faults with small throw and polygonal shape were identified in map view. The orientation of the polygonal faults is almost isotropic, indicating a non-tectonic origin. The deformation is clearly layer-bounded, with horizontal extension of 11.2% to 16%, and 13.2% on average. The distribution of polygonal faults shows a negative correlation with that of gas chimneys. The development of polygonal faults may be triggered by over-pressure pore fluid which is restricted in the fine-grained sediments of bathyal facies when the sediments is compacted by the burden above. The polygonal faults developed to balance the volumetric contraction and restricted extension. The product of hydrocarbon in the Meishan Formation may have contributed to the development of the polygonal faults. In the study area, it was thought that the petroleum system of the Neogene post-rift sequence is disadvantageous because of poor migration pathway. However, the discovery of polygonal faults in the Miocene strata, which may play an important role on the fluid migration, may change this view. A new model of the petroleum system for the study area is proposed.

关键词： polygonal fault Qlongdongnan basin gas chimney composite channel migration pathway.

Identification of gas zones and chimneys using seismic attributes analysis at the Scarab field,offshore,Nile Delta,Egypt

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Petroleum Research 2020年第1期5卷 59-69页

作者： Amir Ismail Hatem Farouk Ewida Mohammad Galal Al-Ibiary Sergio Gammaldi Aldo Zollo Department of Physics“E.Pancini” University of Naples‘Federico Ⅱ’Italy Geology Department Faculty of ScienceHelwan UniversityCairoEgypt Exploration General Manager PERENCO North Sinai Petroleum CompanyCairoEgypt

Seismic attributes supported by composite logs are the best way that can enable the interpreter to understand seismic data very well and generate a new view of the output *** of the reservoir zone can be enhanced by analyzing wells log data based on Gamma-ray,Resistivity,and Vp sonic logs *** logs of Scarab-1,Scarab-De,Scarab-Da,Scarab-Dd,and Scarab-2 wells indicate the lateral and vertical variation of the gas reservoir in ElWastani ***,there are several seismic attributes that can be used to support reservoirs *** enhancement the detection of the hydrocarbon reservoirs,it is important to carefully analyze the 2D seismic data,which in this study will be primarily prepared to enhance seismic attributes results for the identification of gas chimneys,gas zones as channels,enhance stratigraphic and structural *** this article,we have performed data conditioning,quality control and seismic well ties including the preliminary wavelet extractions to get accurate ***,we have extracted of several classes of physical,geometrical and complex attributes as a direct hydrocarbon indicator to identify the gas zones,channels and chimneys and to identify the faults and *** main contribution of this work is to provide a more detailed seismic reflection image supported by several seismic attributes classes and well logs to show a visual and quantitative evidence to identify the gas channels and gas chimneys with improving the detection of the faults and discontinuities.

关键词： Seismic attributes Offshore nile delta gas channels gas bearing sand zones gas chimney Well logging

Diapir structure and its constraint on gas hydrate accumulation in the Makran accretionary prism, offshore Pakistan

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China Geology 2020年第4期3卷 611-622页

作者： Zhen Zhang Gao-wen He Hui-qiang Yao Xi-guang Deng Miao Yu Wei Huang Wei Deng Syed Waseem Haider Naimatullah Sohoo Noor Ahmed Kalhoro Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Guangzhou Marine Geological SurveyChina Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 510760China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China National Institute of Oceanography Karachi 75600Pakistan

The Makran accretionary prism is located at the junction of the Eurasian Plate,Arabian Plate and Indian Plate and is rich in natural gas hydrate(NGH)*** consists of a narrow continental shelf,a broad continental slope,and a deformation *** continental slope can be further divided into the upper slope,middle slope,and lower *** are three types of diapir structure in the accretionary prism,namely mud diapir,mud volcano,and gas chimney.(1)The mud diapirs can be grouped into two types,namely the ones with low arching amplitude and weak-medium activity energy and the ones with high arching amplitude and medium-strong activity *** mud diapirs increase from offshore areas towards onshore areas in general,while the ones favorable for the formation of NGH are mainly distributed on the middle slope in the central and western parts of the accretionary prism.(2)The mud volcanoes are mainly concentrated along the anticline ridges in the southern part of the lower slope and the deformation front.(3)The gas chimneys can be grouped into three types,which are located in piggyback basins,active anticline ridges,and inactive anticline ridges,*** are mainly distributed on the middle slope in the central and western parts of the accretionary prism and most of them are accompanied with thrust *** gas chimneys located at different tectonic locations started to be active at different time and pierced different *** mud diapirs,mud volcanoes,and gas chimneys and thrust faults serve as the main pathways of gas migration,and thus are the important factors that control the formation,accumulation,and distribution of NGH in the Makran accretionary *** diapir/gas chimney type hydrate develop in the middle slope,mud volcano type hydrate develop in the southern lower slope and the deformation front,and stepped accretionary prism type hydrate develop on the central and northern lower *** middle slope,lower slope and deformation f

关键词： Natural gas hydrate Mud diapir Mud volcano gas chimney Makran accretionary prism Marine geological survey engineering Offshore Pakistan

New high-resolution 2D seismic imaging of fluid escape structures in the Makran subduction zone,Arabian Sea

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China Geology 2020年第2期3卷 269-282页

作者： Bin Liu Jiang-xin Chen Syed Waseem Haider Xi-guang Deng Li Yang Min-liang Duan Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Ministry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou Marine Geological SurveyGuangzhou 510760China Key Laboratory of gas Hydrate Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao Institute of Marine GeologyQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266071China National Institute of Oceanography Karachi 75600Pakistan Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques MOEOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

Seabed fluid escape is active in the Makran subduction zone,Arabian *** on the new highresolution 2D seismic data,acoustic blanking zones and seafloor mounds are *** blanking zones include three kinds of geometries:Bell-shaped,vertically columnar and tilted *** bellshaped blanking zone is characterized by weak and discontinuous reflections in the interior and upbending reflections on the top,interpreted as gas *** columnar blanking zone is interpreted as side-imaged gas chimneys associated with focused fluid flow and topped by a seafloor anomaly expressed as a localized reflection discontinuity,which may together serve as a vent *** acoustic blanking zone could be induced by accretionary thrust activity and rapid sedimentation surrounding *** mounds occur at the sites of bell-shaped acoustic blanking zone and may be associated with the material *** simulating refectors(BSRs)are widely distributed and exhibit a series of characteristics including diminished amplitude,low continuity as well as local shoaling overlapping with these acoustic blanking *** large amount of gases dissociated from the gas hydrates migrated upwards and then arrived at the near-seafloor sediments,followed by the formation of the gas hydrates and hence the seafloor mound.

关键词： Makran Fluid escape structure gas hydrate gas chimney Seafloor mound Marine geological survey engineering Pakistan Arabian Sea