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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 939-947页

作者： Sarah L.Martin Adam J.Reid Alexei Verkhratsky Valerio Magnaghi Alessandro Faroni Blond McIndoe Laboratories School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Manchester University Hospital of South Manchester Department of Plastic and BurnsManchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano

Subsequent to a peripheral nerve injury, there are changes in gene expression within the dorsal root Ganglia in response to the damage. This review selects factors which are well-known to be vital for inflammation, cell death and nociception, and highlights how alterations in their gene expression within the dorsal root Ganglia can affect functional recovery. The majority of studies used polymerase chain reaction within animal models to analyse the dynamic changes following peripheral nerve injuries. This review aims to highlight the factors at the gene expression level that impede functional recovery and are hence are potential targets for therapeutic approaches. Where possible the experimental model, specific time-points and cellular location of expression levels are reported.

关键词： Gene expression polymerase chain reaction dorsal root Ganglia inflammation nociception cell death peripheral nerve injury Schwann cells satellite glial cells nerve regeneration

Decreased miR-325-5p Contributes to Visceral Hypersensitivity Through Post-transcriptional Upregulation of CCL2 in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第5期35卷 791-801页

作者： Rui Wu Ping-An Zhang Xuelian Liu Yuan Zhou Meijie Xu Xinghong Jiang Jun Yan Guang-Yin Xu Center for Translational Medicine Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University Zhangjiagang 215600 China Department of Physiology and Neurobiology Institute of Neuroscience Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China The Second Affiliated of Hospital Soochow University Suzhou 215004 China

Chronic visceral hypersensitivity is an important type of chronic pain with unknown etiology and pathophysiology. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the development of chronic pain conditions. However, the role of mi RNA-325-5 p in chronic visceral pain remains unknown. The present study was designed to determine the roles and mechanism of mi RNA-325-5 p in a rat model of chronic visceral pain.This model was induced by neonatal colonic inflammation(NCI). In adulthood, NCI led to a significant reduction in the expression of mi RNA-325-5 p in colon-related dorsal root Ganglia(DRGs), starting to decrease at the age of4 weeks and being maintained to 8 weeks. Intrathecal administration of mi RNA-325-5 p agomir significantly enhanced the colorectal distention(CRD) threshold in a time-dependent manner. NCI also markedly increased the expression of CCL2(C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) in colon-related DRGs at the m RNA and protein levels relative to age-matched control rats. The expression of CXCL12, IL33, SFRS7, and LGI1 was not significantlyaltered in NCI rats. CCL2 was co-expressed in Neu Npositive DRG neurons but not in glutamine synthetasepositive glial cells. Furthermore, CCL2 was mainly expressed in isolectin B4-binding-and calcitonin generelated peptide-positive DRG neurons but in few NF-200-positive cells. More importantly, CCL2 was expressed in mi R-325-5 p-positive DRG neurons. Intrathecal injection of mi RNA-325-5 p agomir remarkably reduced the upregulation of CCL2 in NCI rats. Administration of Bindarit, an inhibitor of CCL2, markedly raised the CRD threshold in NCI rats in a dose-and time-dependent manner. These data suggest that NCI suppresses mi RNA-325-5 p expression and enhances CCL2 expression, thus contributing to visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats.

关键词： Visceral pain Dorsal root Ganglia miRNA-325-5p CCL2 Epigenetic regulation

Ex vivo effect of vascular wall stromal cells secretome on enteric Ganglia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第33期25卷 4892-4903页

作者： Giovanni Dothel Chiara Bernardini Augusta Zannoni Maria Rosaria Spirito Roberta Salaroli Maria Laura Bacci Monica Forni Fabrizio De Ponti Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of BolognaBologna 40126Italy Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of BolognaBologna 40064Italy

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cell(MSC)-based therapy is currently under study to treat inflammatory bowel diseases.MSC bioactive products could represent a valid alternative to overcome issues associated with systemic whole-cell therapies.However,MSC anti-inflammatory mechanisms differ between rodents and humans,impairing the reliability of preclinical models.AIM To evaluate the effect of conditioned medium(CM)derived from porcine vascular wall MSCs(pVW-MSCs)on survival and differentiation of porcine and guinea pig enteric Ganglia exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS).METHODS Primary cultures of enteric Ganglia were obtained by mechanic and enzymatic digestion of ileum resections from guinea pigs(Cavia porcellus)(GPEG)and pigs(Suus scrofa)(PEG).pVW-MSCs were derived by enzymatic digestion from vascular wall resections of porcine aorta and tested by immunoflowcytometry for MSC immune profile.Enteric Ganglia were treated with increasing concentrations of LPS,CM derived by pVW-MSCs or a combination of CM and LPS 1μg/mL.Cell count and morphometric analysis of HuD positive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive glial cells were performed by immunofluorecent staining of cultured Ganglia.RESULTS PEG showed a higher number of neurons compared to GPEG.Overall,CM exerted a protective role on LPS-treated enteric Ganglia.CM in combination with LPS increased the number of glial cells per ganglion in both cultures evoking glial cells differentiation in porcine cultures.CONCLUSION These findings suggest an immunomodulating activity of pVW-MSCs mediators on the enteric nervous system in inflammatory conditions.

关键词： Enteric nervous system Mesenchymal stromal cells Inflammatory bowel disease Ganglia Translational models

Longitudinal observation of ten family members with idiopathic basal Ganglia calcification: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第12期7卷 1483-1491页

作者： Seiju Kobayashi Kumiko Utsumi Masaru Tateno Tomo Iwamoto Tomonori Murayama Hitoshi Sohma Wataru Ukai Eri Hashimoto Chiaki Kawanishi Shinyukai Nakae Hospital Sapporo 0010022 Japan Department of Neuropsychiatry Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo 0608543 Japan Department of Psychiatry Sunagawa City Medical Center Sunagawa 0730196 Japan Tokiwa Child Development Center Tokiwa Hospital Sapporo Japan Department of Neuropsychiatry Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo 0050853 Japan Department of Educational Development Sapporo Medical University Center for Medical Education Sapporo 0608543 Japan Department of Biomedical Engineering Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo 0608543 Japan

BACKGROUND Familial idiopathic basal Ganglia calcification (FIBGC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that causes bilateral calcification of the basal Ganglia and/or cerebellar dentate nucleus, among other locations. CASE SUMMARY The aim of this study is to report 10 cases of FIBGC observed in a single family. Seven patients showed calcification on their computed tomography scan, and all of these patients carried the SLC20A2 mutation. However, individuals without the mutation did not show calcification. Three patients among the 7 with calcification were symptomatic, while the remaining 4 patients were asymptomatic. Additionally, we longitudinally observed 10 subjects for ten years. In this paper, we mainly focus on the clinical course and neuroradiological findings in the proband and her son.CONCLUSION The accumulation of more case reports and further studies related to the manifestation of FIBGC are needed.

关键词： Idiopathic basal Ganglia calcification Fahr’s disease SLC20A2 Diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification Single-photon emission computed tomography Case report

Possible mechanism underlying analgesic effect of Tuina in rats may involve piezo mechanosensitive channels within dorsal root Ganglia axon

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2018年第6期38卷 834-841页

作者： Song Pengfei Lin Zhigang Zhu Qingguang Jiang Shichao Zhang Hao Cheng Yanbin Sun Wuquan Wu Zhiwei Zhou Xin Lv Zhizhen Fang Min Department of Tuina YueYang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200437China Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital Fuzhou 350003China Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203China Research Institute of Tuina Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200437China

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the analgesic effect of Tuina mainly from mechanically sensitive ion channels in peripheral myelinated nerve fibers.METHODS: A total of 40 healthy and pathogen-free adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study [weight:(220.0 ± 1.4) g, Shanghai Slac Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; license No. Shanghai ICP 05033115]. The rats were housed in cages with free access to water and food in a temperature-controlled room [(22 ± 1) ℃] and12-h/12-h light-dark cycle. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into five groups: naive, sham, chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion(CCD), Tuina(7 d) and Tuina(21 d). CCD rat model was established via unilateral DRG compression by"L"liked steel bar. Chinese Tuina treatment was accepted once per day. Behavior monitoring of paw withdrawal threshold(PWT) and paw withdrawal latency(PWL) were tested. The expression of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in myelinated nerve fiber were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western-blotting.RESULTS: There was a high expression of Piezo2 and a low expression of Piezo1 in the naive and CCD groups. In contrast, the expression of Piezo2 was down regulated and Piezo1 was increased after a period of Tuina. There was significant difference(P ≤ 0.05) between the groups.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that Tuina therapy can increase the expression of Piezo2 and decrease the expression of Piezo1 in the test rats.The different changes in the expressions of Piezo1 and Piezo2 may play an important role in alleviating CCD-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia.

关键词： Tuina Ganglia spinal Hyperalgesia Mechansensitiveion channels

基于Ganglia的Hadoop集群监视系统研究与实现

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基于Ganglia的Hadoop集群监视系统研究与实现

作者：卫晓锋西安电子科技大学

学位级别：硕士

Hadoop是一款开源的分布式计算框架,在大数据分析和处理领域有着广泛的应用。在Hadoop快速发展的同时,它所处理的数据规模也越来越庞大,越来越复杂,而如果集群发生故障甚至宕机,那么将会造成不可挽回的损失,因此集群的稳定性逐渐受到了... 详细信息

Hadoop是一款开源的分布式计算框架,在大数据分析和处理领域有着广泛的应用。在Hadoop快速发展的同时,它所处理的数据规模也越来越庞大,越来越复杂,而如果集群发生故障甚至宕机,那么将会造成不可挽回的损失,因此集群的稳定性逐渐受到了人们的关注,为了保障Hadoop集群稳定健壮的运行,开发一套一体化的、完善的集群监控系统将变得尤为重要。本文采用在开源监控框架Ganglia和Nagios的基础之上进行二次开发的方式完成了集群监控系统的编写工作,主要实现了从监控数据采集到监控数据持久化存储、监控数据展示和阈值告警机制等功能的一体化监控体系。其中数据采集功能将由开源监控框架Ganglia来完成,而采集成功的监控数据将通过ETL技术持久化存储至预先设计好的数据仓库中,这样便于实现长期存储以及多样化的快速查询。数据展示功能主要负责采用Java Web技术将实时监控数据、历史监控数据以及集群日志信息通过多种图表方式显示于前台页面,阈值告警机制则通过对全时段的历史监控数据进行统计分析得出监控数据的变化规律,并在监控数据超出阈值界限时向相关人员发出告警信息以便于对故障进行排查或对集群进行优化等操作。本文在研发的过程中对数据仓库进行了合理规划,采用了分表和分区相结合的设计方案,将来自不同主机与不同年份的监控数据进行区分,并将不同月份的数据划分入不同的区块,这样使得数据仓库具有良好的性能以及较好的扩展性,既可以存储大数据量的监控数据,又可以完成对历史数据的多种类型的快速查询。在历史监控数据的统计分析过程中,本文也采用了将大数据量的计算任务分摊到每一天的设计方案,使得数据统计的计算过程极大地得到简化,可以快速地反映出历史数据的变化规律,而基于置信区间的阈值计算方案也为监控指标阈值的合理设定提供了良好的支撑。经过相关测试验证,本文集群监控系统具备足够的功能正确性和健壮性,可以胜任全面监控集群的任务,能够达到保障集群稳定健壮运行的目的。最后,本文对监控系统的研发工作进行了归纳总结和优缺点分析,并在阈值告警机制的基础之上对告警体系的扩展与完善提出了建设性的意见,包括对日志信息的实时监控、对监控数据的动态预测以及对集群故障的自动排查等多个方面,这将使集群监控系统更加智能化,可应用于更广泛的领域。

关键词： Hadoop Ganglia Nagios ETL 置信区间

基于Ganglia的云平台监控的研究与实现

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基于Ganglia的云平台监控的研究与实现

作者：曹东航电子科技大学

学位级别：硕士

在云计算应用出现后,随着用户对云的使用,云计算的服务质量逐渐受到人们的关注,服务质量是服务接受者对服务提供者提供的服务的满意程度。云计算平台的规模庞大,如何降低各种故障对云平台的运行的影响,以最低的系统资源实现最大程度的... 详细信息

在云计算应用出现后,随着用户对云的使用,云计算的服务质量逐渐受到人们的关注,服务质量是服务接受者对服务提供者提供的服务的满意程度。云计算平台的规模庞大,如何降低各种故障对云平台的运行的影响,以最低的系统资源实现最大程度的监控力度,保证云计算平台安全的运行提供稳定的服务是值得深入研究的。在云计算平台实际生产运行管理中,需要对云计算平台实施有效的监控系统,保障云平台正常运作。对于在云平台上的监控技术的使用来说,CPU、内存等一系列的资源监控指标是云平台最为重要的一环,但也应该更多关注云计算平台上应用运行状态信息,同时报警机制现在也是监控系统重要的一环,即时通知反馈云平台管理员处理故障异常。本文研究的Ganglia是由伯克利大学开发的一个分布式集群监控的开源项目,主要用来监控集群规模较大,节点数数以千计时的平台系统。主要有Gmond、Gmetad、Gweb三大模块。本论文在Ganglia开源框架上分析了Ganglia现有的一些不足之处。第一,Gmetad节点在集群机器较多时磁盘IO过高问题。主要由于采用RRD存储的原因造成的瓶颈。第二,没有应用的相关监控。监控系统能够很好的监控操作系统硬件资源,满足了对服务器节点的监控需求。但介于系统服务与硬件指标之间的监控指标数据是空白。第三,缺少报警机制。报警机制对云平台运维人员是重中之重。报警机制可以让运维人员快速定位问题,维护平台的稳定。最终本文在Ganglia架构基础上进行修改添加监控系统功能,完善了分层体系结构,提出了多值决策图反馈报警模型。第一,在Gmetad基础上,在实现数据存储NoSQL数据库MongoDB同时完善分层体系架构;第二,同时由于修改数据转存而新增的界面展示;第三,在Gmond的基础上增加了应用信息监控模块;第四,提出了多值决策图的反馈模型并实现模块提供反馈报警功能。修改Gmetad模块是用过C语言实现的;前台界面展示通过HTML,PHP和JS等技术完成的前台界面展示;应用信息监控通过Python以及开源库Psutil等实现,反馈模块是通过Python以及开源异步任务队列Celery等完成。完成开发之后,对系统进行了详细的功能测试,功能测试成功通过,监控系统运转正常,可用性很好。

关键词：云计算云监控 Ganglia 数据存储反馈报警

基于NoSQL和Ganglia的网络设备监控系统的研究与实现

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基于NoSQL和Ganglia的网络设备监控系统的研究与实现

作者：王元文北京邮电大学

学位级别：硕士

随着互联网的高速发展,监控告警系统作为大型运维管理的核心一环,不但可以实现对互联网中网络设备的系统性能和信息安全的实时监控与告警,而且还能够对安全事件和安全告警行为进行统计分析,进而实现对安全事件趋势的实时预测和对安全告... 详细信息

随着互联网的高速发展,监控告警系统作为大型运维管理的核心一环,不但可以实现对互联网中网络设备的系统性能和信息安全的实时监控与告警,而且还能够对安全事件和安全告警行为进行统计分析,进而实现对安全事件趋势的实时预测和对安全告警行为的实时预警。然而当前的监控系统仍然存在缺陷,即数据在层级传递的过程中的容错性以及监控的实时性不够完善,需要进一步改进。基于双机热备的思想,本文提出了分布式数据容错性方案。并基于NoSQL和Ganglia实现了一个监控系统,该系统能够对系统性能、数据流量、安全事件和安全告警行为实现监控并作出实时预警。本文实现的监控系统采用NoSQL的非关系型数据库进行分布式数据存储,可以降低快速查询数据库等操作的压力,提高系统存储模块的稳定性。日志解析采用正则表达式的方式,可以提高日志数据解析的准确度,并减少有效数据被当作垃圾数据处理的情况。同时,系统具有良好的扩展性,通过简单的增加设备实现双机热备,可以方便的扩展系统,提高系统健壮性。该系统不仅能够实时展示当前网络的运行状态,还能够实时记录、分析并展示当前网络集群中设备的最新日志信息。最后,本文对此监控系统进行了验证测试。实验结果显示,基于本文方案所实现的监控系统可以很好的做到实时监控,能够应对网络异常和机器突发宕机等状况,容错性高,并且更加稳定。

关键词： Ganglia 监控网络设备数据容错性

基于Ganglia的Hadoop集群监控系统研究

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基于Ganglia的Hadoop集群监控系统研究

作者：孙世伟哈尔滨工程大学

学位级别：硕士

随着云计算的快速发展,分布式集群系统也被广泛应用,发展云计算技术已经成为我国重要的经济和科技发展战略之一,研究和发展云计算技术并将原有信息化数据向云计算平台迁移,是未来十年政府信息化建设的主流方向。Hadoop作为高效的数据分... 详细信息

随着云计算的快速发展,分布式集群系统也被广泛应用,发展云计算技术已经成为我国重要的经济和科技发展战略之一,研究和发展云计算技术并将原有信息化数据向云计算平台迁移,是未来十年政府信息化建设的主流方向。Hadoop作为高效的数据分析与数据挖掘的软件,已经成为云计算平台不可或缺的一部分。云计算提供的服务越来越多,需要处理的数据量和种类不断增加,同时对于数据处理结果的快速性和准确性要求越来越高增加,所以对云计算平台的监控就显得非常必要。数据量的增加导致Hadoop自带的监控系统已经无法满足对资源的有效监控,现有的监控软件只能分别的监控不同平台、不同系统的各种应用以及服务,无法对云平台的所有资源进行全面监控。为解决这个问题,本文利用Ganglia监控软件,设计并开发实现Hadoop集群监控系统,主要研究工作如下:1)利用Ganglia实现对Hadoop集群系统的监控。通过对每个节点之上部署Gmond客户端收集节点监控数据,Gmetad汇总收集信息传递到RRDTool中,最终利用RRDTool的绘图功能把监控信息以图表形式通过Web界面展现给管理人员。2)利用Nagios实现警告服务。通过对Nagios中监控时段、监控联系人、主机与主机组、服务与服务组等配置文件的修改,使集群监控系统能够实现通过界面、邮件或者短信的方式,即使管理者不在监控系统之前,也能够收到警告信息。3)实现数据的持久化存储。RRDTool数据库是一个环形数据库,存储容量有限,利用HBase的Java API接口把RRDTool数据库中的数据转移到HBase之中,从而实现数据的持久化存储。4)对集群的监控效果进行验证。在监控系统部署实施完成之后,对需求分析中所要达到的监控效果,如数据块的监控、节点任务的监控、邮件警报服务和短信警报服务进行验证,对显示丢包率和三种警报方式的反应时间做了具体的数据测试,确认所设计的监控系统满足系统监控需求。

关键词：云计算 Hadoop 集群监控系统 Ganglia Nagios HBase

Alteration of P2X3 expression in dorsal root Ganglia after sciatic nerve ligation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2007年第4期2卷 198-202页

作者： Guoxing Zhou Lesi Xie Qiben Wang Qingping Yu Xiaofu Liu Qiumei Liu Wei Peng Zhicheng Zeng Department of Morphology Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou 412012 Hunan Province China Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiangya Medical College Central South University Changsha 410013 Hunan Province China Department of Human Anatomy Xiangnan College Chenzhou 423000 Hunan Province China

BACKGROUND： The expressions of P2X3 receptor in dorsal root Ganglia （DRG） after different peripheral nerve injuries are diverse. It indicates the different roles of P2X3 in different models-caused neuropathologic pains. OBJECTIVE： To observe the expressions of P2X3 in corresponding DRG after sciatic nerve ligation in rots. DESIGN： Controlled observation experiment. SETTING： Department of Morphology, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College; Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University. MATERIALS： Thirty-five healthy adult SD rots of clean grade an d either gender, weighing （ 200 ± 20 ） g, were involved. According to the random digits table, the involved rats were randomized into 3 groups： normal group （n =5）, sham-operated group （n =5） and experimental group （n =25）. The experimental group were subdivided into 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days groups according to different surviving time after operation, 5 rots at each time point. Polyclonal rabbit anti-P2X3 antibody （ABCAM company）; biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG （Zhongshanjingqiao Biotechnical Co., Ltd., Beijing）; Motic fluorescence microscope （Motic, Germany）. METHODS： The experiments were carried out in the Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University from June to December 2006. ① Rats of experimental group were created into models by ligation of right sciatic nerve according to the method of Seltzer et al. Left sciatic nerve was used as self-control. As for rats in the sham-operated group, ligation of sciatic nerve was omitted, but other procedures were the same as those in the experimental group. Rats of normal group were untouched, ② Rats of the normal group and sham-operated group survived for 14 days separately, and those of experimental group survived for corresponding time. After being deeply anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of over-dose sodium pentobarbital, the rots of experimental group were transcardially perfused. L4- 6 corresponding DRG

关键词： sciatic nerve ligation Ganglia neuralgia