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Possible mechanism underlying analgesic effect of Tuina in rats may involve piezo mechanosensitive channels within dorsal root ganglia axon

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2018年第6期38卷 834-841页

作者： Song Pengfei Lin Zhigang Zhu Qingguang Jiang Shichao Zhang Hao Cheng Yanbin Sun Wuquan Wu Zhiwei Zhou Xin Lv Zhizhen Fang Min Department of Tuina YueYang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200437China Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital Fuzhou 350003China Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203China Research Institute of Tuina Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200437China

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the analgesic effect of Tuina mainly from mechanically sensitive ion channels in peripheral myelinated nerve ***: A total of 40 healthy and pathogen-free adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study [weight:(220.0 ± 1.4) g, Shanghai Slac Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; license No. Shanghai ICP 05033115]. The rats were housed in cages with free access to water and food in a temperature-controlled room [(22 ± 1) ℃] and12-h/12-h light-dark cycle. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into five groups: naive, sham, chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion(CCD), Tuina(7 d) and Tuina(21 d). CCD rat model was established via unilateral DRG compression by"L"liked steel bar. Chinese Tuina treatment was accepted once per day. Behavior monitoring of paw withdrawal threshold(PWT) and paw withdrawal latency(PWL) were tested. The expression of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in myelinated nerve fiber were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and ***: There was a high expression of Piezo2 and a low expression of Piezo1 in the naive and CCD groups. In contrast, the expression of Piezo2 was down regulated and Piezo1 was increased after a period of Tuina. There was significant difference(P ≤ 0.05) between the ***: Our findings suggest that Tuina therapy can increase the expression of Piezo2 and decrease the expression of Piezo1 in the test *** different changes in the expressions of Piezo1 and Piezo2 may play an important role in alleviating CCD-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia.

关键词： Tuina ganglia spinal Hyperalgesia Mechansensitiveion channels

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Gene expression changes in dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury: roles in inflammation,cell death and nociception

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 939-947页

作者： Sarah L.Martin Adam J.Reid Alexei Verkhratsky Valerio Magnaghi Alessandro Faroni Blond McIndoe Laboratories School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Manchester University Hospital of South Manchester Department of Plastic and BurnsManchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano

Subsequent to a peripheral nerve injury, there are changes in gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia in response to the damage. This review selects factors which are well-known to be vital for inflammation, cell death and nociception, and highlights how alterations in their gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia can affect functional recovery. The majority of studies used polymerase chain reaction within animal models to analyse the dynamic changes following peripheral nerve injuries. This review aims to highlight the factors at the gene expression level that impede functional recovery and are hence are potential targets for therapeutic approaches. Where possible the experimental model, specific time-points and cellular location of expression levels are reported.

关键词： Gene expression polymerase chain reaction dorsal root ganglia inflammation nociception cell death peripheral nerve injury Schwann cells satellite glial cells nerve regeneration

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Decreased miR-325-5p Contributes to Visceral Hypersensitivity Through Post-transcriptional Upregulation of CCL2 in Rat Dorsal Root ganglia

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第5期35卷 791-801页

作者： Rui Wu Ping-An Zhang Xuelian Liu Yuan Zhou Meijie Xu Xinghong Jiang Jun Yan Guang-Yin Xu Center for Translational Medicine Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University Zhangjiagang 215600 China Department of Physiology and Neurobiology Institute of Neuroscience Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China The Second Affiliated of Hospital Soochow University Suzhou 215004 China

Chronic visceral hypersensitivity is an important type of chronic pain with unknown etiology and pathophysiology. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the development of chronic pain conditions. However, the role of mi RNA-325-5 p in chronic visceral pain remains unknown. The present study was designed to determine the roles and mechanism of mi RNA-325-5 p in a rat model of chronic visceral *** model was induced by neonatal colonic inflammation(NCI). In adulthood, NCI led to a significant reduction in the expression of mi RNA-325-5 p in colon-related dorsal root ganglia(DRGs), starting to decrease at the age of4 weeks and being maintained to 8 weeks. Intrathecal administration of mi RNA-325-5 p agomir significantly enhanced the colorectal distention(CRD) threshold in a time-dependent manner. NCI also markedly increased the expression of CCL2(C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) in colon-related DRGs at the m RNA and protein levels relative to age-matched control rats. The expression of CXCL12, IL33, SFRS7, and LGI1 was not significantlyaltered in NCI rats. CCL2 was co-expressed in Neu Npositive DRG neurons but not in glutamine synthetasepositive glial cells. Furthermore, CCL2 was mainly expressed in isolectin B4-binding-and calcitonin generelated peptide-positive DRG neurons but in few NF-200-positive cells. More importantly, CCL2 was expressed in mi R-325-5 p-positive DRG neurons. Intrathecal injection of mi RNA-325-5 p agomir remarkably reduced the upregulation of CCL2 in NCI rats. Administration of Bindarit, an inhibitor of CCL2, markedly raised the CRD threshold in NCI rats in a dose-and time-dependent manner. These data suggest that NCI suppresses mi RNA-325-5 p expression and enhances CCL2 expression, thus contributing to visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats.

关键词： Visceral pain Dorsal root ganglia miRNA-325-5p CCL2 Epigenetic regulation

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Longitudinal observation of ten family members with idiopathic basal ganglia calcification: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第12期7卷 1483-1491页

作者： Seiju Kobayashi Kumiko Utsumi Masaru Tateno Tomo Iwamoto Tomonori Murayama Hitoshi Sohma Wataru Ukai Eri Hashimoto Chiaki Kawanishi Shinyukai Nakae Hospital Sapporo 0010022 Japan Department of Neuropsychiatry Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo 0608543 Japan Department of Psychiatry Sunagawa City Medical Center Sunagawa 0730196 Japan Tokiwa Child Development Center Tokiwa Hospital Sapporo Japan Department of Neuropsychiatry Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo 0050853 Japan Department of Educational Development Sapporo Medical University Center for Medical Education Sapporo 0608543 Japan Department of Biomedical Engineering Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo 0608543 Japan

BACKGROUND Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (FIBGC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that causes bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia and/or cerebellar dentate nucleus, among other locations. CASE SUMMARY The aim of this study is to report 10 cases of FIBGC observed in a single family. Seven patients showed calcification on their computed tomography scan, and all of these patients carried the SLC20A2 mutation. However, individuals without the mutation did not show calcification. Three patients among the 7 with calcification were symptomatic, while the remaining 4 patients were asymptomatic. Additionally, we longitudinally observed 10 subjects for ten years. In this paper, we mainly focus on the clinical course and neuroradiological findings in the proband and her *** The accumulation of more case reports and further studies related to the manifestation of FIBGC are needed.

关键词： Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification Fahr’s disease SLC20A2 Diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification Single-photon emission computed tomography Case report

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Ex vivo effect of vascular wall stromal cells secretome on enteric ganglia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第33期25卷 4892-4903页

作者： Giovanni Dothel Chiara Bernardini Augusta Zannoni Maria Rosaria Spirito Roberta Salaroli Maria Laura Bacci Monica Forni Fabrizio De Ponti Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of BolognaBologna 40126Italy Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of BolognaBologna 40064Italy

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cell(MSC)-based therapy is currently under study to treat inflammatory bowel *** bioactive products could represent a valid alternative to overcome issues associated with systemic whole-cell ***,MSC anti-inflammatory mechanisms differ between rodents and humans,impairing the reliability of preclinical *** To evaluate the effect of conditioned medium(CM)derived from porcine vascular wall MSCs(pVW-MSCs)on survival and differentiation of porcine and guinea pig enteric ganglia exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS).METHODS Primary cultures of enteric ganglia were obtained by mechanic and enzymatic digestion of ileum resections from guinea pigs(Cavia porcellus)(GPEG)and pigs(Suus scrofa)(PEG).pVW-MSCs were derived by enzymatic digestion from vascular wall resections of porcine aorta and tested by immunoflowcytometry for MSC immune *** ganglia were treated with increasing concentrations of LPS,CM derived by pVW-MSCs or a combination of CM and LPS 1μg/*** count and morphometric analysis of HuD positive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive glial cells were performed by immunofluorecent staining of cultured *** PEG showed a higher number of neurons compared to ***,CM exerted a protective role on LPS-treated enteric *** in combination with LPS increased the number of glial cells per ganglion in both cultures evoking glial cells differentiation in porcine *** These findings suggest an immunomodulating activity of pVW-MSCs mediators on the enteric nervous system in inflammatory conditions.

关键词： Enteric nervous system Mesenchymal stromal cells Inflammatory bowel disease ganglia Translational models

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Motor Learning Based on the Cooperation of Cerebellum and Basal ganglia for a Self-Balancing Two-Wheeled Robot

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2011年第3期2卷 214-225页

作者： Xiaogang Ruan Jing Chen Lizhen Dai 不详

A novel motor learning method is present based on the cooperation of the cerebellum and basal ganglia for the behavior learning of agent. The motor learning method derives from the principle of CNS and operant learning mechanism and it depends on the interactions between the basal ganglia and cerebellum. The whole learning system is composed of evaluation mechanism, action selection mechanism, tropism mechanism. The learning signals come from not only the Inferior Olive but also the Substantia Nigra in the beginning. The speed of learning is increased as well as the failure time is reduced with the cerebellum as a supervisor. Convergence can be guaranteed in the sense of entropy. With the proposed motor learning method, a motor learning system for the self-balancing two-wheeled robot has been built using the RBF neural networks as the actor and evaluation function approximator. The simulation experiments showed that the proposed motor learning system achieved a better learning effect, so the motor learning based on the coordination of cerebellum and basal ganglia is effective.

关键词： Motor Learning Cerebellum Basal ganglia Operant Learning Self-Balancing Two-Wheeled Robot

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Streptococcal Antibody Probe Crosses the Blood Brain Barrier and Interacts within the Basal ganglia

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Open Journal of Pathology 2015年第2期5卷 42-49页

作者： Robyn Gebhard Courtney Huff Mathew Osborne Lisa Riegle Marie Kelly-Worden Department of Physiology and Health Science Ball State University Muncie USA

Within the brain, the basal ganglia (basal nuclei) regulates wanted movement and inhibits unwanted movement. This area of the brain is intertwined with capillary beds that bring nutrients to the brain and form the blood brain barrier. During disease state, antibodies are increased in circulation and movement of these antibodies into the basal ganglia can occur. Streptococcal infection can lead to the generation of antibodies that have autoimmune activity within the brain. These antibodies have been implicated in neurological disorders. In our laboratory, an in vitro study of a monoclonal mouse antibody generated against the class 1 epitope of the M6 protein has demonstrated binding within the basal ganglia of Lewis rat brains. Here we present an in vivo study using Lewis rats injected with either the streptococcal antibody or an anti-myosin positive control. The interaction and movement of the antibody from blood vessels into the tissues of the basal ganglia was determined through the use of immunofluorescence and fluorescent microscopy and is contrasted with IgG injected and uninjected controls. Our data demonstrates that the streptococcal antibody penetrates the blood brain barrier within 24 hours (as determined by the presence of immunofluorescence outside of blood vessels) and remains significantly elevated above control values even 72 hours after injection (p ganglia.

关键词： Blood Brain Barrier Antibodies Basal ganglia Streptococcus Rat

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The History of the Basal ganglia: The Contribution of Karl Friedrich Burdach

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2012年第4期3卷 374-379页

作者： André Parent Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences Faculté de Medicine Université Laval Québec (Québec) Canada.

It took many centuries for the basal ganglia (BG) to be recognized as specific brain entities involved in the control of psychomotor behavior. Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) was the first to delineate this set of structures, but he did not name them nor payany attention to their functional significance. This was left to the English physician Thomas Willis (1621-1675), who used the term corpus striatum (striated or chamfered body) to designate the largest BG constituent, which he considered a major sensorimotor integration center. Willis’s pioneering description influenced markedly some 18th and 19th centuries scholars, particularly the German physician and anatomist Karl Friedrich Burdach (1776-1847). Burdach’s insightful studies of the human brain are summarized in a three-volume treatise entitled Vom Baue und Leben des Gehirns (1819-1826). This landmark opus provides a description of the BGwhose originality has largely been overlooked. Burdach’s careful investigation allowed him to differentiate the caudate nucleus from the putamen, which he respectively termed Streifenhügel (elongated hillock) and Schale (shell). He also called the putamen Linsenkern (lens-shaped nucleus), a term that he admittedly borrowed from his compatriot Johann Christian Reil (1759-1813). He further identified a paler structure (blasser Klumpen) within the inner portion of the lentiform nucleus that he called globus pallidus, and correctly identified its inner and outer segments (innern und ?ussern Theil). He aptly pointed out that the major BG nuclei are separated from one another by fibers fascicles that he termed inner and ?ussre Capsel (internal and external capsules). Burdach also referred to the substantia nigra (schwarzgraue Schicht or stratum nigrum) and claustrum (Vormauer), but gave full credit to the French anatomist Félix Vicq-d’Azyr (1748-1794) for their discovery. Although Burdach did not comment much on BG function, his anatomical description was sufficiently cogent to be still

关键词： Basal ganglia Movement Disorders Striatum Globus Pallidus Putamen Neuroscience History

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Integration of Sensor Networks Monitoring in the ganglia Scalable Grid Monitoring Tool

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通讯和计算机（中英文版） 2011年第8期8卷 668-673页

作者： Adel Nadhem Naeem Ali Abdulqader Bin Salem Sureswaran Ramadass National Advanced IPv6 Center （NAy6） Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang Malaysia

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Alteration of P2X3 expression in dorsal root ganglia after sciatic nerve ligation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2007年第4期2卷 198-202页

作者： Guoxing Zhou Lesi Xie Qiben Wang Qingping Yu Xiaofu Liu Qiumei Liu Wei Peng Zhicheng Zeng Department of Morphology Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou 412012 Hunan Province China Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiangya Medical College Central South University Changsha 410013 Hunan Province China Department of Human Anatomy Xiangnan College Chenzhou 423000 Hunan Province China

BACKGROUND： The expressions of P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia （DRG） after different peripheral nerve injuries are diverse. It indicates the different roles of P2X3 in different models-caused neuropathologic pains. OBJECTIVE： To observe the expressions of P2X3 in corresponding DRG after sciatic nerve ligation in rots. DESIGN： Controlled observation experiment. SETTING： Department of Morphology, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College; Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University. MATERIALS： Thirty-five healthy adult SD rots of clean grade an d either gender, weighing （ 200 ± 20 ） g, were involved. According to the random digits table, the involved rats were randomized into 3 groups： normal group （n =5）, sham-operated group （n =5） and experimental group （n =25）. The experimental group were subdivided into 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days groups according to different surviving time after operation, 5 rots at each time point. Polyclonal rabbit anti-P2X3 antibody （ABCAM company）; biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG （Zhongshanjingqiao Biotechnical Co., Ltd., Beijing）; Motic fluorescence microscope （Motic, Germany）. METHODS： The experiments were carried out in the Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University from June to December 2006. ① Rats of experimental group were created into models by ligation of right sciatic nerve according to the method of Seltzer et al. Left sciatic nerve was used as self-control. As for rats in the sham-operated group, ligation of sciatic nerve was omitted, but other procedures were the same as those in the experimental group. Rats of normal group were untouched, ② Rats of the normal group and sham-operated group survived for 14 days separately, and those of experimental group survived for corresponding time. After being deeply anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of over-dose sodium pentobarbital, the rots of experimental group were t

关键词： sciatic nerve ligation ganglia neuralgia

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